第一、要用好表示顺序的连接词
既然是流程图,就不可避免的要说明过程的各个步骤和先后顺序,在这里,大家要注意几个词。例如,表示过程我们通常用process或procedure,过程的各个阶段和步骤我们可以用stage或step来描述。在谈到第一个步骤时我们可以用连接词In the first place、To begin with、In the first stage等引出。在进入中间的步骤时可以用Then、Next、After this/that等,最后一个步骤可以用Finally或Lastly。当然,如果有一些平行的步骤我们也可以用At the same time、Meanwhile等来引出。
以上这些词如果用的太频繁也会使文章显得较为单调,我们可以使用从句的方法使各个步骤的描写自然地衔接在一句话中。例如
When the cleaning is done, the bottles are conveyedto a glass factory where they are cut into glass pieces which are then poured into a furnace.
上面的句子用了when/where/which三个连词,就把玻璃瓶回收的三个步骤cleaning- cutting heating巧妙地连接在了一起。
第二、要学会使用被动语态
流程图写好的第二个关键是被动语态的使用。流程图表现的是客观的工作流程或事物发展的过程。因此,我们可以尽量避免用We should/must/need to do sth.的主动语态,改为Sth. Should/must/needs to be done这样的被动语态。被动语态和情态动词的恰当搭配,可以使文章显得更具有客观、和学术化色彩。
The production of cement starts in a mixer, where limestone gravel and sand are convertedinto a mixture, which is then fed into a crusher. Here the mixture is ground into cementpowder, and then is passed through a rotating heater.
上文中用到了convert、feed、grind、pass这四个动词的过去分词构造了被动语态,使过程的描写显得非常专业。
第三、引言段和结尾段的重要性
在流程图的引言段和结尾段写作中可以适当进行过程的阶段划分和总结,使文章的构思上一个层次,摆脱流水账的俗套。
This diagram illustratesthe recycling process of glass bottles. The whole process is a cycle which can be divided into three main stages.
In summary, plants, humans and animals provide services for each other. Humans and animals need the oxygen that plants produce in order to stay alive. When humans and animals breathe out, they provide the carbon dioxide that plants need in order to survive.
第四、要善于绕开专业的概念表达
在流程图中,有时不可避免的会出现一些比较专业的概念,考场上一时想不出对应的英文,这时候要善于利用已知的简单词汇,试着把这些专业的概念用简单的方式表达出来。例如,不知道怎样表达房间通风这个概念,我们可以说air moving through the house来说明,不知道怎样说斧头和锯子我们就用special tools来绕过,虽然不是描述得很精确,但总比不写或写错了要好。
小心!航班座椅上的摄像头可能随时在“监视”你
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