详解雅思阅读中的主谓一致原则

　　谓语受主语支配，它必须在人称和数等方面与谓语保持一致。

　　I 语法形式上一致

　　单数的名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词短语或从从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　What I hate most is telling lies.

　　To become a doctor is his ambition.

　　Whether she comes or not is of no matter

　　what引导的从句作主语，如果它后面的表语是复数形式，谓语动词亦可以用复数。

　　What I said is right.

　　What we need badly here are doctors.

　　由and连接并列主语时：

　　Swimming in the summer and skating in the winter are my hobbies

　　In the city are to be found both the most renowned scholar and the scoundrels

　　a block and tackle;the needle and thread;brandy and soda;sale and water;law and order;a cup and saucer; the ebb and flow ; the rope and pulley

　　watch and chain;soap and water;etc。

　　There is my watch and chain on the dressing-table.

　　若and后面的名词前有冠词或物主代词修饰，谓语动词用复数形似。

　　The bread and the butter are on sale.

　　3) 由and连接的并列单数主语前有each, every, no , many a 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。

　　Many a boy and many a girl in the class has seen this film.

　　No teacher and no student is present.

　　It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive.

　　5)注意在某些成语里的主谓一致：

　　Time and tide wait for no man.

　　Truth and honesty is the best policy.

　　Gossiping and lying go together.

　　Joy and sorrow are next-door neighbors.

　　Trial and error is the source of our knowledge.

　　Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy，wealthy and wise.

　　单数主语+以下短语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。

　　这些短语为：as well as;no less than;rather than;more than;but;except;besides;with;along with;together with;like;including;in addition to;accompanied by;as much as;etc.

　　A mother as well as her children is getting on a bus.

　　His sister no less than you is clever.

　　The manage，rather than the clerks，is responsible for this matter.

　　Mary，along with her manager and some friends，is going to a party tonight.

　　In order to grow well，the Blue Spruce，like other pine trees，requires a temperate climate.

　　Neither of us has anything to say.

　　Something has gone wrong with the bike.

　　Nobody but he is so selfish.

　　No one but fools has ever believed it.

　　It may be said that in some countrieseach of the citizens helps to decide government policy.

　　由关系代词who，that，which引导的定语从句中的主谓一致

　　Those of us who smoke should have our lungs X-rayed regularly.

　　One of the books which are written by him is very popular.

　　Ⅱ.主谓就近一致

　　谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。

　　倒装句的主谓就近一致：

　　Where is your father and younger brothers?

　　In the distance was heard the applause of the people，the shouts and clapping of hands.

　　Never before have so many people been there.

　　由连词or，either or ，neithernor，whether or，not onlybut also，nor等连接的两个名词，其谓语要与毗邻最近的主语在数上保持一致。

　　What he does or what he says makes me angry.

　　He didnt say whether some English novels or an English dictionary was wanted.

　　用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名、机构名称等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

　　The United Nations was formed in 1945.

　　The Daily News says its going to snow.

　　The Thirty nine steps was written by John Buchan.

　　表示总称意义的名词作主语时，谓语用复数。

　　这类名词主要有：cattle，clergy，folk，mankind，militia，people，police，poultry，staff，youth，etc.

　　The military are out in search of the thieves.

　　The cattle are selling for record price this year.

　　群体名词作主语时，如指整体概念，谓语用单数;如指具体成员，谓语用复数。

　　这类名词主要有：public，class，family, club，crew，team，audience，committee，group，population，government，crowd, company.

　　The audience was enormous.

　　The audience were greatly moved at the words.

　　The committee meets twice a month.

　　The committee are having a meeting.

　　The government have never made discussions in a hurry.

　　The government is doing its best to boostthe production.

　　One-third of population in this country live in the mountain.

　　The population of the country has increased by 40 percent in a period of fifty years.

　　形复意单名词，谓语用单数。这类名词主要有：

　　①表示学科的：mathematics，politics，physics，mechanics，statistics，aeronautics，genetics，optics，electronics，acoustics, economics，etc.

　　Physics deals with matter and motion.

　　Statistics is a branch of mathematics.

　　Acoustics is one of the important subjects he is going to study at college.

　　②表示疾病的：

　　arthritis，diabetes，appendicitis，measles，mumps，etc.

　　Diabetesis a common disease.

　　Mumpsis an unpleasant ailment.

　　Measlesis a disease to take seriously.

　　③其它的s结尾的单数名词：news，works，means等。

　　The news lasts ten minutes.

　　nuclei;formulae;phenomena;media ;criteria;vermin;etc.

　　These vermin do much harm to the poultry.

　　Bacter of the harmful kind cause disease.

　　The+形容词表示一类人或事物时，谓语一般用复数。

　　The lost have been found.

　　The young are interested in pop music.

　　Ⅳ.有关一致的其它问题

　　①非谓语动词的逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。

　　Returning to my office，I found my key missing.

　　To be a teacher of the people，one must first be their pupil.

　　②名词与代词的一致：

　　Working with computers is the best way to learn their capabilities.

　　The electrical properties of semiconductors depend on very much on their purity.

　　③反意疑问句的助动词与主句谓语动词的一致：

　　I am a student，am not I?

　　This is the third time this week he has been late，isnt it?

　　④平行结构中的一致：

　　Dentists advise brushing your teeth after every meal and avoiding sugar in your diet.

　　We asked the department store manager to show us a gift that was inexpensive，useful，and looked nice.

　　Knowing how to study and learning how to budget time are important for college students.