详解雅思阅读被动语态的几种特殊用法

　　被动语态是由助动词be+过去分词构成的。这里的be既要表示出与主语的人称和数一致，也要表示出时、体的形式。被动语态有几种特殊用法。

　　主动形式表示被动意义

　　1)常见的这类动词有：act，add up，clean，compare，count，cook，draw，fill，iron，keep，let，look，make up，milk，kill，open，photograph，prove，read，sell，smoke，spoil等。

　　The window wont open.

　　The cow milks well.

　　Damp wood will not fire.

　　She doesnt photograph well.

　　His judgment proved wrong.

　　It turned out fine that day.

　　How did his coat catch on a nail?

　　2)实用动词need/want/deserve/require +V-ing形式表示被动意义。

　　My hair needs cutting。.

　　The bike wants repairing.

　　There is nothing to worry about.

　　②不定式修饰want, have等动词的宾语，而句中的主语同时又不是不定式的逻辑主语时：

　　I want some clothes to wash.

　　Do you have anything to say for yourself?

　　③不定式修饰buy，get，give等动词的直接宾语，而句中的间接宾语又是不定式的逻辑主语时：

　　His sister gave him a bike to ride.

　　It is believed/thought that this medicine works well.

　　It is requiredhim that he give the evidence.

　　It is feared that he could not come here.

　　It is estimated that a flight to Shanghai would take more than one hour.

　　It is often realized that women held a high social position in the Southern European societies in the 10th and llth centuries.

　　 get + p.p.表示被动：

　　这种结构往往用来强调动作的结果，也可用来表示突然发生的事态，或最终出现的某种事实，是一种非正式语体。

　　Did the question get answered?

　　A Boeing 747 got crashed last week.

　　The house is getting painted/repaired.

　　误：He got born in 1976.

　　正：He was born in 1976.

　　误：The stow got written by him.

　　正：The story Was writ.ten by him.

　　误：The conference got being held in London.

　　正：The conference is being held in London.

　　1)短语动词变为被动语态后，其后的介词或副词应紧随其后。

　　Frank was brought up by his aunt.

　　The babies are well looked after.

　　The meeting Was put off.

　　The salesman was put out by Mr..Wilsons question.

　　2)Verb+宾语+宾补变为被动语态后，宾语转化为主语，宾补转化为主补。

　　The wall Was painted white.

　　He is regarded as smart

　　The house was found empty.

　　He Was heard to play the guitar in the next door.