三.复合句及多重复合句
复合句中包含有两个或更多的主谓结构,其中,有一个主谓结构充当句子的某一成分,如主语、宾语、定语、状语、同位语等。充当一个句子成分的主谓结构称为从句。由于从句在句子中的成分不同,可分为主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,定语从句和同位语从句等。
有时复合句的一个从句可能包含有一个从句,即从句里套着从从句,这种句子称为多重复合句。多重复合句句式复杂,是同学们阅读的难点。
对付复合句及多重复合句的方法是,先抓住主干,即抓住主句,然后再识别从句的类型,进而搞懂整句话的意思。大部分题目的答案来自主句,但也有一部分题目的答案来自从句。
1. interests are needs,desires,concerns,fearsthe thngs one cares about or wants
中文译文:利益是需要、渴望、关注、恐惧一个人关心或想要的东东。
结构分析:one cares about or wants 是the things 的定语从句。
2. another interests-based procedure is mediation, in which a third party assists the disputants, the two sides in the dispute,in reaching-agreement
中文译文:另一个基于利益的过程叫作调解,在调解中第三方帮助冲突者,即冲突的双方,达成一致。
结构分析:in which 引出的定语从句in which a third party assists the disputants,the two sides in the dispute,in reaching-agreement 是对mediation 的解释,在定语从句中,the two sides in the dispute 是disputants 的同位语,同时也是插入语结构。
3. it is often complicated to attempt to determine who is right in a dispute 中文译文:试图决定谁在冲突中是正确的通常很复杂。
结构分析:it 是形式主语,实际主语是不定式短语to attempt to determine
who is right in a dispute,宾语从句who is right 是determine 的宾语。
4.although it is usually straight forward where rights are
formalized in law,other rights take the form of unwritten but
socially accepted standards of behavior,such as
reciprocity,precedent,equality,and seniority
中文译文:虽然当对错在法律中被正式规定时,通常是很直截了当的,但其它的,
但其它的对错采取的是非书面的、社会接受大行为标准,例如:互惠、先例、平
等和资历。
结构分析:although 引导一个让步状语从句,注意本句的最后有一个such as,是例如的意思,后面的内容往往是举例说明,属于不重要的内容,可不作为阅读的重点,socially accepted 是standards of behavior 的前置定语。
5. research studies lend strong support to the argument that there are benefits for families considering a change to a fairer or more equitable division of the pleasures and pains of family life
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