雅思阅读：剑桥雅思阅读长难句分析（5）

　　1. These methods include strength training that duplicates what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics, a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union.

　　分析：本句的主句为These methods include strength trainingthat duplicates what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics为定语从句，做strength training的定语，关系词为that;what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics为宾语从句，由what引导;a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union为plyometrics的同位语。

　　2. A biomechanic films an athlete in action and then digitizes her performance, recording the motion of every joint and limb in three dimensions.

　　分析：本句的主句为A biomechanic films an athlete in action and then digitizes her performancerecording the motion of every joint and limb in three dimensions为现在分词短语做状语。

　　3. That understanding took the later analysis of biomechanics specialists, who put their minds to comprehending something that was too complex and unorthodox ever to have been invented through their own mathematical simulations.

　　分析：本句较长，主句为That understanding took the later analysis of biomechanics specialistswho put their minds to comprehending something为定语从句，做biomechanics specialists 的定语，关系词为who;that was too complex and unorthodox ever to have been invented through their own mathematical simulations也是定语从句，做something的定语，关系词为that。

　　4. But it is also the painstaking task of interpretation, so that we come to understand what these things mean for the human story.

　　分析：本句的主句为But it is also the painstaking task of interpretationso that we come to understand what these things mean for the human story为so that引导的结果状语从句;what these things mean for the human story为what引导的宾语从句，做understand的宾语。

　　5. Anthropologists also use the term culture in a more restricted sense when they refer to the culture of a particular society, meaning the non-biological characteristics unique to that society, which distinguish it from other societies.

　　分析：本句的主句为Anthropologists also use the term culture in a more restricted sense，when they refer to the culture of a particular society为when引导的时间状语从句;meaning the non-biological characteristics unique to that society为现在分词短语做定语;which distinguish it from other societies为非限制性定语从句，关系词为which。

　　6. Physical anthropology, or biological anthropology as it is also called, concerns the study of human biological or physical characteristics and how they evolved.

　　分析：本句的主句为Physical anthropology, or biological anthropology concerns the study of human biological or physical characteristics and how they evolvedas it is also called定语从句，做biological anthropology的定语，关系词为as;how they evolved为how引导的宾语从句，做concern的宾语。

　　7. Whereas cultural anthropologists will often base their conclusions on the experience of living within contemporary communities, archaeologists study past societies primarily through their material remainsthe buildings, tools, and other artifacts that constitute what is known as the material culture left over from former societies.

　　分析：本句主句为archaeologists study past societies primarily through their material remainsWhereas cultural anthropologists will often base their conclusions on the experience of living within contemporary communities为whereas引导的让步状语从句;that constitute what is known as the material culture left over from former societies为定语从句，做the buildings, tools, and other artifacts的定语，关系词为that;what is known as the material culture left over from former societies为what引导的宾语从句，做constitute的宾语。

　　8. Archaeologists in recent decades have developed ethnoarchaeology, where, like ethnographers, they live among contemporary communities, but with the specific purpose of learning how such societies use material culturehow they make their tools and weapons, why they build their settlements where they do, and so on.

　　分析：本句主句为Archaeologists in recent decades have developed ethnoarchaeology;where, like ethnographers, they live among contemporary communities, but with the specific purpose of learning how such societies use material culture为定语从句，做ethnoarchaeology的定语，关系词为where;how such societies use material culture为how引导的宾语从句，做learn的宾语;how they make their tools and weapons, why they build their settlements where they do位于破折号后面，解释前文中的how such societies use material culture, 也是how和why引导的宾语从句;where they do为where引导的地点状语从句。

　　9. Heritage studies constitute a developing field, where it is realized that the worlds cultural heritage is a diminishing resource which holds different meanings for different people.

　　分析：本句的主句为Heritage studies constitute a developing fieldwhere it is realized that the worlds cultural heritage is a diminishing resource为定语从句，做a developing field的定语，关系词为where;that the worlds cultural heritage is a diminishing resource为that引导的主语从句，it为形式主语;which holds different meanings for different people.为定语从句，做a diminishing resource的定语，关系词为which。

　　10. To archaeology, which studies all cultures and periods, whether with or without writing, the distinction between history and pre-history is a convenient dividing line that recognizes the importance of the written word, but in no way lessens the importance of the importance of the useful information contained in oral histories.

　　分析：本句较长，主句为the distinction between history and pre-history is a convenient dividing linewhich studies all cultures and periods, whether with or without writing为定语从句，做archaeology的定语，关系词为which;that recognizes the importance of the written word, but in no way lessens the importance of the importance of the useful information也是定语从句，做dividing line的定语，关系词为that;contained in oral histories为过去分词短语作定语，限定useful information。

　　11. Since the aim of archaeology is the understanding of humankind, it is a humanistic study, and since it deals with the human past, it is a historical discipline.

　　分析：本句为并列句，由and连接，句子Since the aim of archaeology is the understanding of humankind, it is a humanistic study和句子since it deals with the human past, it is a historical discipline.并列;句子Since the aim of archaeology is the understanding of humankind, it is a humanistic study中主句为it is a humanistic study, Since the aim of archaeology is the understanding of humankind为since引导的原因状语从句;句子since it deals with the human past, it is a historical discipline中主句为it is a historical discipline, since it deals with the human past为since引导的原因状语从句。