“有的放矢”应考雅思阅读

　　在实际教学过程中笔者发现，好多学生拿着一本雅思词汇书不分主次的疯狂背诵。结果大部分同学在难以坚持到底。 原因何在?因为他们不知道哪些词汇是雅思会考查到的，怎么个考法，所以无法体会背重了单词，提高了做题准确率后的兴奋，自然就失去了背单词的动力和兴趣了。

　　在英语学习中我们不难发现，一篇好的文章用词丰富、句式多变。雅思阅读的文章均摘自西方报刊杂志，属于原汁原味的外文资料，自然也会遵循着以上规律，所以阅读中对词汇的考查万变不离其宗，无非是对同义词、反义词、同根词进行考核。

　　首先我们来给同义词下个定义：释义相同的词。如： attraction 和 allure虽然词性不同但我们仍然称它们为同义词。同样， essentially 和 unnecessary 称为反义词。同根词指的是一个单词的所有词性的组合, 如: value, valuable, invaluable, valueless. 可见这里的定义是泛泛的，是为了很好的应试而进行的 粗糙却很受用 定义。

　　了解了词汇的考核形式，下面笔者就雅思阅读中典型的词汇换用举几个例子：

　　例一：

　　原文：In Europe, the obstacle has been conservative local authorities and developers who prefer to ensure quick sales with conventional mass-produced housing.

　　题目：Many developers prefer mass-produced houses because they...

　　答案：sell quickly

　　解析：原文和题目中的句意关键词developer, prefer 均相同，但 housing 换成了 houses, 即同根词的代换。 they 指代 houses， 又因为 because 应该引导从句，所以答案为动词短语。 quick sales 对应的动词短语为上述答案， 也就是说答案也是根据同根词替换而来的。

　　例二：

　　原文：While this includes complex kingdoms, as in Africa, and ancient empires, such as those of the Americas, the primary focus of attention in the twentieth century has been on small-scale societies.

　　题目：The twentieth-century collections come mainly from mainstream societies such as the US and Europe.

　　答案：FALSE

　　解析：原文与题目对比出现了一组反义代换词 small-scale societies 和 mainstream societies.

　　例三：

　　原文：Countries all over the world are actively promoting their wilderness regions to high-spending tourists. The attraction of these regions is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires litter or no initial investment.

　　题目：The low cost of setting wilderness tourism makes it attractive to many countries.

　　答案：TRUE

　　解析：low cost=little or no initial investment; attractive 为 attraction的同根词代换。

　　例四：

　　原文：In their new location, the beekeeper will pay the farmer to allow his bees to feed in such places as orange groves.