《剑桥雅思真题集V》收录的文章一贯被雅思教学者作为认识雅思考试平均难度的题目,可见其具备充分的典型性,尤其是Test 4. 虽然这些文章的时效性并不强,是题库中的比较老的资料,属于自06年以来较少重现的内容,但对考生来讲,作为考前模拟冲刺的训练,却有很大的帮助。
总体来讲,该套题体现的难度不大,对考生不具备太大的挑战。其中即便是在话题看来略微专业,可能会具备难度的Passage 2: Flawed Beauty: the problem with toughened glass 的题型中,最具难度系数的Questions 14-17: List of Statements 中,也并未体现出特别的难度;而三篇文章中都出现的T / F / NG 也没有在信息定位方面显得过难。
下面将就Test 4 中常出现的难点做一解析,希望和各位雅思教学和研究者们探讨。
在Passage 1的Questions 4-9中 :
8. Traditional food-gathering in desert societies was distributed evenly over
the year.
显然,判断的主体是food-gathering, 而考点应该是evenly. 如果考生按照关键词food-gathering 去原文中定位,可能会先找到本段第二句位于Line 4 的内容:
However, as some inhabitants become involved in tourism, they no longer have time to collect wild food;
看起来定位很快,可是接着读下去就发现不能找到和题目对应的信息,这意味着无法作答。事实上,该题目的信息在文中分布的位置较好地遵循了顺序原则,在Section B 的第二段可以看到首句:
In Arctic and desert societies, year-round survival has traditionally depended on hunting animals and fish and collecting fruit over a relatively short season.
我们注意到,food 已经被代换得了无痕迹,变换成许多具体代表food 的内容:animals, fish fruit. 而位于句末的short season 则巧妙地说明猎取食物是集中在相对较短的几个月里,以此来维持全年的生计,这和题目中evenly 的表述是背离的,因而答案是 NO.
在雅思阅读文章中,这种巧妙代换并不在少数。笔者对学生进行的雅思模拟练习中,有这样一篇谈论催眠的文章:Hypnosis. 在多项选择题中,其中一个得题干为:
Q: After surgery, hypnosis may be used _______________
A. to make drugs unnecessary
B. to keep the patient mobile
C. to make the patient forget to move
D. to minimise patients discomfort while immobile
大多数同学几乎会很自然地将surgery 定位为关键词,期待来定位。但是来到原文中出现surgery 的地方:Thus deep hypnosis can be induced to allow anaesthesia for surgery, childbirth or dentistry. 发现和题干中的after surgery 并没有联系;继续寻找才发现真正定位的内容是Physicians, 这两个看上去完全不等同的词成功地实现了代换,因为文章中讲到,患者在接受了外科手术后转入内科医生的治疗。
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