雅思听力材料：爱德华.蒙克-呐喊(BBC纪录片)

　　The Scream

　　The Scream is the popular name given to each of four versions of a composition, created as both paintings and pastels, by the Expressionist artist Edvard Munch between 1893 and 1910. Der Schrei der Natur is the title Munch gave to these works, all of which show a figure with an agonized expression against a landscape with a tumultuous orange sky. The landscape in the background is theOslofjord, viewed from Ekeberg, Oslo, Norway.

　　Edvard Munch created the four versions in various media. The National Gallery, Oslo, holds one of two painted versions . The Munch Museum holds the other painted version and a pastel version from 1893. The three versions have not traveled for years.

　　The fourth version was sold for $119,922,600 at Sothebys Impressionist and Modern art auction on 2 May 2012 to financier Leon Black, the highest nominal price paid for a painting at auction. The painting is on display in the Museum of Modern Art in New York for six months from October 2012 to March 2013.

　　Also in 1895, Munch created a lithograph stone of the image. Of the lithograph prints produced by Munch, several examples survive. Only approximately four dozen prints were made before the original stone was resurfaced by the printer in Munchs absence.

　　The Scream has been the target of several high-profile art thefts. In 1994, the version in the National Gallery was stolen. It was recovered several months later. In 2004, both The Scream and Madonna were stolen from the Munch Museum, and recovered two years later.

　　作者简介：

　　Edvard Munch

　　Edvard Munch was a Norwegian painterand printmaker whose intensely evocative treatment of psychological themes built upon some of the main tenets of late 19th-century Symbolism and greatly influenced German Expressionism in the early 20th century. One of his most well-known works is The Scream of 1893.