同位语
当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时,我们称它们为同位语。同理,当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的,那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。
用法1
由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。
(Mr. Smith是主词our new teacher的同位语,指同一人。)
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。
a friend of my brother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人。
用法2
如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。
He told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。
(brother和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。)
Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James.
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。
(同位语Mr. James补充解释my English teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开。)
用法3
同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
He is interested in sports, especially ball games.
他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动。
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