学习定语从句的几个误区

学习定语从句的几个误区
 
一、误认为关系代词whose只用于修饰人
whose用作疑问代词时，主要用于指人；但用作关系代词时，它既可指人也可指物。如：
It was an island, whose name I have forgotten. 它是一座岛，名字我忘了。http://yingyu.chazidian.com
The factory, whose workers are all women, is closed during the holidays. 这家工厂工人都是妇女，在假期中工厂关门了。
二、混淆定语从句与并列句
请看下面两题：
1. He has two children, and both of _________ are abroad.
A. them       B. which      C. whom      D. who
2. He has two children, both of _________ are abroad.
A. them       B. which       C. whom      D. who
第1题选A，第2题选C。由于第1题中用了并列连词and，从而使整个句子为并列句，and后应是一个独立的简单句，所以选A不选C；第2题没有并列连词and，both of whom are abroad为非限制性定语从句。另外，请比较下面一题：
He has two children, both of _________ being abroad.
A. them       B. which       C. whom      D. who
此题答案为A，其中的both of them being abroad为独立主格结构，用作状语。
请再看一组类似的例子：
1. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.
A. it            B. them         C. which     D. that
2. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it            B. them         C. which     D. that
第1应选B，而不能选C，是因为句中的 translated 是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选C，则该从句无谓语；第2应选C，因为句中有谓语 were translated。比较下面一例：
He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it              B. them       C. which     D. that
此题与上面的第2题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故应选B，则不能选C。
三、混淆关系代词与关系副词
有的同学一看到先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，就认为一定要用关系副词，其实也不一定。在此情况下，还要看关系词在定语从句中是用作什么成分，若是用作状语，则用关系副词，若不是用作状语(如用作主语、宾语等)则不能用关系副词，而用关系代词。比较：
This is the factory where I want to work. 这就是我想工作的工厂。(work为不及物动词where在从句中用作状语)
This is the factory that I want to visit. 这就是我想参观的工厂。(visit为及物动词，that用作visit的宾语)
The reason why he can’t come is that he is ill. 他没来的是因为他病了。(come为不及物动词，why在定语从句中用作状语)
The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。(put forth为及物动词，that在定语从句中用作其宾语)
 

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比较下面的考题：
1. This is the room _________I lived ten years ago.
A. that       B. where       C. who         D. what
2. This is the room _________I lived in ten years ago.
A. that       B. where       C. who         D. what
3. This is the room _________I bought ten years ago.
A. that       B. where       C. who         D. what
4. This is the room _________I visited ten years ago.
A. that       B. where       C. who         D. what
5. This is the room _________I was born ten years ago.
A. that       B. where       C. who         D. what
第1题选B，因为 live 是不及物动词，它无需接宾语；第2题选A，因为虽然 live 不及物，但live in 却是及物，它应有自己的宾语；第3、4题也应选A，因为 buy 和 visit均为及物动词，它们应有自己的宾语；第5应选B，因为 be born 无需有自己的宾语。
四、误认为逗号后一定是非限制性定语从句
有的同学一看见逗号，就以为一定要选which而不选that，但问题是有时根本就不是定语从句。如：
1. If a book is in English, _________ means slow progress for you.
A. as        B. which      C. what        D. that
2. When I say two hours, _________ includes time for eating.
A. as        B. which      C. what        D. that
以上两题均应选that，而不能选which，因为它们根本不是定语从句。之所以选that，是因为句中已有if和when引导的状语从句，逗号后为主句，that为主句主语。

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