关系代词as与which的用法区别

 
关系代词as与which的用法区别
 
 
■as 和which的相同点
(1) as 和which都可引导非限制性定语从句，放在主句之后；在非限制性定语从句中充当从句的主语、宾语或表语。如：http://yingyu.chazidian.com
Tom has found a good job, as / which we all hope. 汤姆找到了一件好工作，这正是我们大家所希望的。
(2) as 和which都可代表整个句子的内容或主句中的某一成分。如：
His mother is ill, which makes him very sad. 他母亲病了，这件事情使他很难过。
He has made great progress, as / which makes us very happy. 他进步了，这使得我们很高兴。
以上两句中的as / which都指前面整个句子的内容。
Though he has lots of money, he still rides his old bike, which was bought ten years ago. 尽管他很有钱，但是他还骑着他的旧单车，这单车是十年前买的。
There you can meet many writers as you have ever read in books. 在那里，你可见到你在书中所读过的很多作家。
 
■as与which的区别

(1) 当先行词前面有so + adj. + a / such + (a) + adj. , the same等词修饰时，引导词只能用as，而不用which。如：
She is so nice a girl as we all like. 她是个我们大家都喜欢的如此好的女孩。
It is such an interesting book as we all want to read. 它是本我们大家都想读的有趣的书。
上面两句中的as就不能用which替换。
(2) as 在从句中常作宾语；作主语时，从句的谓语动词常为系动词，即：系表结构或被动结构。如：
As you expected, he turned up on time. 正如你所愿，他按时到了。
As is said above, he has conquered the difficulty. 正如上面所说，他征服了困难。
(3) 当非限制性定语从句放到主句的前面时，引导词只能用as，而不用which。如：
As is planned, we got there before eight. 正如计划，我们再把店前到达了那儿。
(4) As引导的非限制性定语从句指表示积极的意义，与主句是顺理成章的关系，绝不能与之矛盾。若非限制性定语从句表示一种消极的意义，则只用which。如：
He has succeeded in his career, as / which we all hope. 他在事业中成功了，这正是我们大家所希望的。
Her grandma died last week, which made her very sad. 她的奶奶逝世了，这使得她很悲伤。
(5) 当非限制性定语从句的引导词前面有介词时，只能用which, 而不可用 as。如：
He has a new computer, for which he paid nearly ten thousand yuan. 他有一台新电脑，这台电脑花了他将近一万元。
 

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(6)  当关系代词代替主句中的宾语从句或复合结构(如：宾+补；不定式短语；动词-ing形式短语等) 时，一般只能用which, 而不用 as。如：
She told us that there was something wrong with her bike, which was true。她告诉我们说她的单车出了毛病，这话是真的。
He asked her to help him with his English, which she did. 他请她教他学英语，她的确帮了。
(7)  关系代词仅代表主句中的谓语部分时，从句中谓语部分被省略而只保留情态动词的否定式或助动词否定式，引导词一般只用which, 而不用as。如：
He speaks English very fluently, which I can’t. 他的英语说得非常流利，这我可不行。
(8) 关系代词作定语修饰后面的名词时，一般只用which, 而不用as。如：
He suggested going swimming in the river, which idea we agreed with. 他提议去河里游泳，我们就同意了他的想法。
(9) 当关系代词仅代表主句中单个的名词时，一般只用which, 而不用as。如：
He sent me a beautiful present, which I valued very much. 他给寄来了一件精美的礼物，我对它非常珍视。
(10) as 在非限制性定语从句中，还常跟such连用。如：
There was a look of love in the teacher’s eyes, such as mothers have for their children. 老师眼里流露出对他喜爱的神情，就好像母亲对孩子的喜爱。
(11) as常用于一些固定结构中。如：
as is well known / as we all know 众所周知；             as is said above 正如上面所说；
as might be imagined 正像所想象的那样；                  as is reported 如报道所说；
as has been pointed 如所指出的那样；                        as is expected 正如所料。
 

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