英语语法：as和which的用法区别

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　　许多语法书告诉我们, as和which之间有两点相同之处:一是二者都可以引导一个具有评述性的非限制性定语从句;二是二者都可以指代前面的整个陈述句｡例如:

　　He is an Englishman, as (= which) I know from his accent. (= As I know from his accent, he is an Englishman.) 他是一个英国人,那是我从他的口音中知道的｡

　　A big earthquake occurred in the west part of Japan last night, as (= which) was reported on TV. (= As was reported on TV, a big earthquake occurred in the west part of Japan last night.) 据电视报道,昨天夜里日本西部地区发生了大地震｡

　　但是, as和which并非在所有的非限制性定语从句中都可以互换使用的｡笔者将它们的几种不同用法,作一介绍｡

　　一､ as具有“显然或“为人所熟知的含义,可译为“正好……､“就像……､“由……而知等,而which则无此含义｡ as从句仅仅提供一种附加说明,而which从句则提供较为重要的评述｡试比较:

　　The gentleman admires Mrs Brown, which surprised me. 这位绅士钦佩布朗夫人,这令我吃惊｡

　　They won, which meant they would run for the United States. 他们赢了,这意味着他们将代表美国参加比赛｡

　　Taiwan is a part of China, as is known to all. 众所周知(正如大家所知道的那样),台湾是中国的一部分｡

　　The lady is very learned, as is described in this book. 这位女士很有学问,正如这本书所描写的那样｡

　　There are some mistakes in his homework, as has been already pointed out. 正如已经指出的那样,他的作业中有些错误｡

　　The girl has won the 100-and-200-meter dashes, as was expected. 正如所预料的那样,这女孩赢得了100米和200米短跑比赛｡

　　二､ as和which引导的非限制性定语从句,由于位置不同,用法也不同｡ as引导的从句,位置比较灵活,可放在句首和句尾,也可放在句中,而which引导的从句位置比较固定,通常位于句尾,不能位于句首｡例如:

　　As was natural, he married her. 他娶了她,这很自然｡

　　[误] Which was natural, he married her.

　　As has been said before, grammar is not a set of dead rules. 语法不是一套死规则,这一点前面已经提到过｡

　　The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted. 决议延期作出,这正是他所要求的｡

　　同样, as在从句中用作宾语时,这种习惯用法似乎也不少｡例如:

　　He is very careful, as his work shows. 他的工作表现表明他非常谨慎｡

　　He was an artist and she made, as I already mentioned, flowers. 他是位艺术家而她会做——我已经提到过了——工艺花｡

　　Mr Smith, as we know, works long hours. 正如我们所知,史密斯先生工作时间很长｡