小学可数名词和不可数名词的用法

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　　不可数名词前量词的用法

　　不可数名词前要加上表示“一些、“许多或“大量等词语时，不能加a few, many或a large number of，而要用：

　　A little

　　Some

　　Much

　　Considerable

　　A great (good) deal of + 不可数名词

　　A lot of (lots of)

　　Plenty of

　　A large amount of

　　A large quantity of

　　A wealth of

　　Heaps of

　　[注]：上述词语中，some, a lot of (lots of), plenty of, a large quantity of, a wealth of 和 heaps of后面也可跟复数可数名词。

　　例句：

　　Give me some money, please. /Give me some books to read.

　　Alan does not drink much wine.

　　The teacher’s explanation is of considerable help to them.

　　It took the police a great deal of trouble to crack the criminal case. (破此刑事案件)

　　Don’t hurry; there is plenty of time yet. / There are plenty of foreign magazines in the room.

　　Almer has read a large amount of literature. (大量文学作品) / a large number of literary books

　　Englishmen consume a large quantity of beer every year. / He has a large quantity of CDs.

　　David is said to have a wealth of learning. (学识渊博) /a wealth of friends (交友甚广)

　　It did me a heap of good to see my old friends. / We have heaps of opportunities. (许多机会)

　　抽象名词+itself

　　“抽象名词+itself可用在be的后面作为表语形容词。这是一个强势结构，能产生强烈的修辞效果。如：I share the room with Isabel. She is tidiness itself. (very tidy)

　　The sentence is simplicity itself. (very simple)

　　Mr. Smith is prudence itself. (very prudent)

　　这一特殊强调结构有一个变体，即be + all + 抽象名词。这两个强调结构可以相互换用而意思不变。如：At the moment, Freddy was all energy. (very energetic)

　　At the moment, Freddy was energy itself.

　　Jessica has a loving heart, she is all kindness. (very kind)

　　Jessica has a loving heart, she is kindness itself.

　　all+抽象名词 和 抽象名词+itself 一样，用作表语，在最大程度上体现该抽象名词的性质或情况，再如：When he spoke, we were all attention. (聚精会神的听)

　　Rose will be all anxiety until she hears from her brother. (焦急不安)

　　Bob is all eagerness to see Rue. (非常渴望)

　　“I cannot help being all astonishment, said Nelson, “whenever I reflect on what we have achieved. (惊叹不止)

　　They showed us into a big office, all noise and bustle. (一片喧哗忙乱)

　　Hearing the false accusation, Ambrose stood up from his chair, all rage and indignation. (怒气冲冲)

　　Mary is all woman. (女人味十足)

　　all + 某些复数名词

　　此结构在be后面也用作表语形容词。

　　如：When he heard the good news, Bill was all smiles. (满脸笑容)

　　The children were all ears as they listened to the story. (全神贯注的听着)

　　When the little girl saw the birthday cake her mother bought her, she was all eyes. (目不转睛)

　　While she was waiting for the interview, she was all nerves. (万分紧张)

　　Hearing that news, she was all tears. (泪流满面)

　　That old man is all wrinkles.

　　After a serious illness, Jack is all skin and bones. (骨瘦如柴/形销骨立)

　　不可数名词前冠词的用法

　　不可数名词前通常不用冠词，但在下列情况下不可数名词则和可数名次一样，前面需用冠词。

　　当一个抽象名词或物质名次被限定时，它前面要用定冠词the。

　　如：The milk in the bottle has gone sour.

　　The freedom you discussed just now is nowhere to be found in the world. (特指)

　　抽象名词或物质名次的前、后加上表示其特殊性质或类比俄的修饰语时，该名次前面应加不定冠词a或an，不能用定冠词the。

　　如：This is green tea. (绿茶系物质名词，前面不用冠词)

　　This is a green tea which was picked before the first rain in spring. (雨前表示特殊性质)

　　Amy’s room is furnished with simplicity. (simplicity是抽象名词，前不用冠词)

　　Amy’s room is furnished with a simplicity that is almost elegant. (近乎雅致表特殊性质)

　　Mary Lee speaks English with fluency.

　　Mary Lee speaks English with a fluency not to be expected of an ordinary Chinese schoolgirl. (讲英语的流利程度远非一般中国女学生所能达到，为特殊性质。)

　　The man disappeared with suddenness.

　　At the crack of the shotgun the bide disappeared with a startling suddenness.

　　The mind is but a barren soil. (不毛之地)

　　不可数名词 数的表示法

　　不可数名词也可表示数，但须在其前面加上一个单位词(unit noun0)：

　　如：a piece of news

　　a piece of advice

　　a piece of information

　　a piece of work

　　a piece of bread/cake

　　a piece of paper

　　a slip of paper

　　a piece of thread

　　a piece of clothing/furniture/baggage

　　a piece of coal

　　a piece of land

　　a piece of folly

　　a cake of soap

　　a bar of chocolate

　　a length of cloth

　　a bolt of cloth

　　a lump of sugar

　　a grain of rice /sand /salt

　　a blade of grass

　　a sum of money

　　a head of cattle

　　a drop of rain/ blood/ oil /dew

　　a set of furniture

　　a coil of mosquito incense

　　an ear of corn

　　a bottle of milk/ink/perfume/wine/cough mixture

　　a bucket of water

　　a cup of tea

　　a glass of lemonade/ beer

　　a bowl of rice

　　a burst of applause

　　a fit of anger/laughter

　　a peal of thunder

　　a flash of lightning

　　an attack of fever

　　a ray of hope

　　a shower of criticism

　　与可数和不可数名词有关的number, amount和quantity：

　　the number of +复数可数名词 (“数 )

　　the amount of +不可数名词 +单数动词

　　the quantity of +不可数名词或复数可数名词(“量)

　　如：The number of your fingers is ten.

　　The amount of evidence against Jaime is great. (不利于Jaine的证据)

　　The quantity of books in the library is amazing.

　　The quantity of heat in the office has not been increased.

　　During the past year the number of automobile accidents in New York City has decreased.

　　A large number of older-model cars do not have proper smog-control devices.