近来,Cancel Culture在美国媒体和知识界引起了广泛讨论。
Markus Winkler@markuswinkler/unsplash
《哈利波特》作者J.K.罗琳和著名语言学家乔姆斯基等名人联署发表在7月7日《哈泼斯》 罗琳等人认为,这种“抵制文化”钳制了他们的言论自由,令许多异见者受到“寒蝉效应”的影响,不敢发声。
罗琳此前因为疑似有言论冒犯了跨性别群体而遭到许多粉丝脱粉。类似地,歌手Lana Del Rey Cancel的本意是“取消”,但它被引申为:抵制或封杀。
在这个公众人物好似商品的时代,对某个人说 “you are cancelled Urban Dictionary在2018年3月就有了相关的释义,表示个体对不认同的人或事取消关注,进行抵制。
To dismiss something/somebody. To reject an individual or an idea.
拒绝接受某事/某人。拒绝一个个人或者想法。
到了2020年2月,Urban Dictionary关于cancel sb的新释义就有了公共性,往往是个人或机构因言论或行为具有冒犯意味 A desire to cancel out a person or community from social media platforms.
一种想要将某人或某个群体开除出社交媒体平台的欲望。
韦氏词典也给出了比较权威的解释:
To cancel someone (usually a celebrity or other well-known figure) means to stop giving support to that person. The act of canceling could entail boycotting an actor’s movies or no longer reading or promoting a writer’s works.
抵制某人 公众人物被抵制的原因非常的多。
The reason for cancellation can vary, but it usually is due to the person in question having expressed an objectionable opinion, or having conducted themselves in a way that is unacceptable, so that continuing to patronize that person’s work leaves a bitter taste.
抵制的理由可能各不相同,但通常是由于他们表达了令人不快的意见,或曾以不可接受的方式行事,因此继续喜欢这个人的作品会很不自在。
早在2017年,性骚扰受害者站出来指控好莱坞大亨哈维·韦恩斯坦就在社交媒体掀起了#MeToo运动。这一运动也有“抵制文化”的影子。
前段时间在BLM (Black Lives Matter“黑命攸关”)运动中,被抵制的还有诸多雕像。双语君曾在文章中提到过众多被涂鸦和推倒的雕像,其中包括丘吉尔。
Activists calling for the removal of statues like Confederate general Robert E Lee and Italian explorer Christopher Columbus have said these monuments glorify in lieu of teaching people about history.
呼吁拆除南部邦联将军罗伯特·E·李和意大利探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布等雕像的活动人士说,这些纪念碑不是在教授人们历史知识,而是美化了屈辱历史。
反对“抵制文化”的人们认为,“抵制文化”本身威胁到了言论自由,使得持有不同意见的人不敢发声。
美国前总统奥巴马就表示过对“抵制文化”的担忧。
Last October, former President Barack Obama challenged cancel culture and the idea of being "woke" - a term describing being alert to injustices and what's going on in the community - saying change was complex.
去年10月,美国前总统奥巴马对“抵制文化”和“警醒——改词”这一概念表达了质疑,称变革应是复杂的。
"I get a sense among certain young people on social media that the way of making change is to be as judgmental as possible about other people," Mr Obama said. "The world is messy. There are ambiguities. People who do really good stuff have flaws."
奥巴马表示:“我在社交媒体上的某些年轻人身上感觉到,他们推动变革的方式是尽可能对其他人轻易指手画脚。这世界本就一团糟,有一些模糊地带,人无完人。”
支持“抵制文化”的“警醒人士(woke brigade)”不同意奥巴马这类言论。
他们认为“抵制文化”实际上是一种正当问责。他们还认为言论自由不代表言论无后果,cancelling somebody是一种问责。
《时代》专栏作家Sarah Hagi就表示“抵制文化”这个词本身就是反对人士造出来用来污名化“警醒人士”用的。
Sarah Hagi said those "whose privilege has historically shielded them from public scrutiny" turned to phrases like cancel culture to "delegitimize the criticism".
莎拉·哈吉 自由撰稿人,斯坦福大学统计学博士,原谷歌风投
Notes
dismiss [dɪsˈmɪs] v
拒绝接受,不承认;抛弃
boycott [ˈbɔɪkɒt] v
联合抵制
objectionable [əbˈdʒekʃənəbl] adj
引起反对的;令人不快的
patronize [ˈpeɪtrənaɪz] v
光顾,惠顾
lieu [luː] n
顶替;替代
judgmental [dʒʌdʒˈmentl] adj
轻率评价的;动辄评头论足的;动辄指责人的
scrutiny [ˈskruːtəni] n
仔细的观察;监督
delegitimize [dɪlɪˈdʒɪtəmaɪz] v
使失去法律效力:宣告…的法律或合法地位的无效
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