满族

明朝末年，满族英雄努尔哈赤经过30年的努力，统一了中国东北地区的女真人，初步形成满洲民族，即满族。他把满洲人分别组织在黄、白、红、蓝、镶黄、镶白、镶红、镶蓝八族之中，实行全民皆兵。后来，满族政权还陆续建立了蒙古八旗和汉军八旗。1644年，八旗铁骑入关，占领北京，席卷大江南北，建立了疆域辽阔的清帝国。

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Nurhachi, a Manchu hero, unified the Nvzhen people in Northeast China after 30 years of efforts, and initially formed the Manchu nation, the Manchu people. He organized the Manchurians into eight ethnic groups: yellow, white, red, blue, yellow, white, red and blue, and carried out the policy of "all the people are soldiers". Later, the Manchu regime also successively established the Mongolian eight banners and the Han eight banners. In 1644, the Eight Banners entered the pass, occupied Beijing, swept the north and south of the river, and established a vast Qing Empire.

满族人很早就信奉萨满教，每逢祭祖、祭天，要由萨满戴上神帽，穿上裙子，系上腰铃，击鼓起舞，边祷边跳。满族人重礼节，有一个时期，小辈对老辈是三天一小礼，五天一大礼；三天见长辈要请安，五天见长辈要“打千”。男人打千要哈腰，右手下伸，左手扶膝，像拾东西一样；女人打千要扶膝下蹲。满族男人留发梳瓣，穿马蹄袖袍褂，系腰带；妇女头顶盘髻，穿宽大直统旗袍，不缠足。今天，旗袍已经成为典型的东方妇女服饰，风靡全球。

Manchu people have long believed in Shamanism. When worshiping ancestors and heaven, shamans should wear hats, skirts, waist bells, drums and dances, praying and dancing. There was a time when the Manchu people valued etiquette. The younger generation gave the elder a small gift in three days and a big gift in five days. When they saw the elder in three days, they asked for greetings and when they saw the elder in five days, they asked for "a thousand". When a man hits a thousand, he should bend over, stretch his right hand down, and hold his left hand on his knee, like picking up things; when a woman hits a thousand, he should hold his knee and squat down. Manchu men keep comb petals, wear horseshoe sleeves, robes and coats, and tie belts; women wear wide and straight cheongsam with bun on their heads, without foot binding. Today, cheongsam has become a typical Oriental women's clothing, popular all over the world.

我国的满族人有一半以上居住在辽宁省，其它散居在吉林、黑龙江、河北等省，以及北京、西安和成都等大城市。

More than half of the Manchus in China live in Liaoning Province, while others are scattered in Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei and other provinces, as well as Beijing, Xi'an and Chengdu and other major cities.