那达慕

那达慕大会是中国蒙古族人民具有鲜明民族特色的传统活动，也是蒙古族人民喜爱的一种传统体育活动形式。

Nadam assembly is a traditional activity with distinct national characteristics of Mongolian people in China, and it is also a traditional sports activity form loved by Mongolian people.

“慕”是蒙语的译音，意为“娱乐、游戏”，以表示丰收的喜悦之情。每年农历六月初四（多在草绿花红、马壮羊肥的阳历七、八月）开始的那达慕，是草原上一年一度的传统盛会。

"Mu" is the transliteration of Mongolian, meaning "entertainment and game", to express the joy of harvest. Nadam, which starts on the fourth day of the sixth lunar month (mostly in July and August of the Gregorian calendar with green grass, red flowers and fat horses), is an annual traditional festival on the grassland.

那达慕的前身是蒙古族“祭敖包”，是蒙古民族在长期的游牧生活中，创造和流传下来的具有独特民族色彩的竞技项目和游艺、体育项目。

Nadam, formerly known as "Oboo sacrifice" of Mongolians, is a unique ethnic sports, recreation and sports event created and handed down by Mongolians in their long nomadic life.

“那达慕”有久远的历史。据铭刻在石崖上的《成吉思汗石文》载，那达慕起源于蒙古汗国建立初期，早在公元1206年，成吉思汗被推举为蒙古大汗时，他为检阅自己的部队，维护和分配草场，每年7～8月间举行大聚会，将各个部落的首领召集在一起，为表示团结友谊和祈庆丰收，都要举行那达慕。起初只举行射箭、赛马或摔跤的某一项比赛。到元、明时，射箭、赛马、摔跤比赛结合一起，成为固定形式。后来蒙古族人亦简称此三项运动为那达慕。

"Nadam" has a long history. According to the inscription of Genghis Khan on the cliff, Nadam originated in the early days of the establishment of the Mongol Khanate. As early as 1206, when Genghis Khan was elected as the Mongol Khan, in order to review his troops, maintain and distribute the grassland, he held a big party every July to August every year to gather the leaders of all tribes together to show solidarity and friendship and pray for a good harvest Da mu. At first, only archery, horse racing or wrestling were held. In the yuan and Ming Dynasties, archery, horse racing and wrestling were combined to form a fixed form. Later, the Mongolian people also referred to the three sports as Nadam.

在元朝时，那达慕已经在蒙古草原地区广泛开展起来，并逐渐成为军事体育项目。元朝统治者规定，蒙古族男子必须具备摔跤、骑马、射箭这三项基本技能。到了清代，那达慕逐步变成了由官方定期召集的有组织、有目的的游艺活动，以乡、旗、盟为单位，半年、一年或三年举行一次。此俗沿习至今，每年蒙古族人民都举行那达慕大会。

In the Yuan Dynasty, Nadam had been widely developed in the Mongolian grassland area, and gradually became a military sports event. According to the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian men must have three basic skills: wrestling, horse riding and archery. By the Qing Dynasty, Nadam had gradually become an organized and purposeful recreational activity regularly convened by the government, which was held every six months, a year or three years in units of Township, flag and League. This custom has been practiced since then. Every year, the Mongolian people hold the Nadam assembly.

过去时那达慕大会期间要进行大规模祭祀活动，喇嘛们要焚香点灯，念经颂佛，祈求神灵保佑，消灾消难。现在，那达慕大会的内容主要有摔跤、赛马、射箭、赛布鲁、套马、下蒙古棋等民族传统项目，有的地方还有田径、拔河、排球、篮球等体育竞赛项目。此外，那达慕大会上还有武术、马球、骑马、射箭、乘马斩劈、马竞走、乘马技巧运动、摩托车等精彩表演。参加马竞走的马，必须受过特殊训练，四脚不能同时离地，只能走得快，不能跑得快。夜幕降临，草原上飘荡着悠扬激昂的马头琴声，篝火旁男女青年轻歌曼舞，人们沉浸在节日的欢乐之中。

In the past, during the Nadam assembly, there was a large-scale sacrificial activity. Lamas burned incense and lit lamps, chanted sutras and chanted Buddhism, prayed for the blessing of gods, and eliminated disasters. At present, the contents of Nadam Congress mainly include wrestling, horse racing, archery, Saburo, horse racing, Mongolian chess and other traditional national events. In some places, there are athletics, tug of war, volleyball, basketball and other sports events. In addition, there are also wonderful performances such as martial arts, polo, horse riding, archery, horse chop, horse race walking, horse riding skills, motorcycles and so on. Horses participating in the horse race must have special training. Four feet can't leave the ground at the same time, they can only walk fast, they can't run fast. When night falls, there is a melodious and exciting sound of horse head Qin on the grassland. Young men and women sing and dance beside the bonfire. People are immersed in the joy of the festival.