“领导人找我？打我手机” 特朗普广发私人号码为何引担忧

除了“推特治国”外，美国总统特朗普再次另辟蹊径，开辟了“手机外交”。据美国官员爆料，特朗普近来没少给他国领导人留个人手机号，希望对方省去“繁文缛节”，直接给自己打电话。加拿大总理和墨西哥总统都收到了他的私人号码。然而，特朗普此举不仅不符合外交礼节，更引起美国安全部门和保密机构担忧。

特朗普：特鲁多、马克龙，有事儿call我！

President Donald Trump has been handing out his cellphone number to world leaders and urging them to call him directly, an unusual invitation that breaks diplomatic protocol and is raising concerns about the security and secrecy of the US commander in chief's communications.

美国总统特朗普给世界领导人留手机号码，让他们直接给自己打电话，这种不同寻常的邀请打破了外交礼节，也让人担忧美国总统通讯的安全性和保密性。

Trump has urged leaders of Canada and Mexico to reach him on his cellphone, according to former and current US officials with direct knowledge of the practice. Of the two, only Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has taken advantage of the offer so far, the officials said.

据前任及现任美国政府知情官员称，特朗普要求加拿大和墨西哥的领导人打他的私人手机。他们称，到目前为止，只有加拿大总理贾斯廷•特鲁多将这一提议付诸行动。

Trump waves next to Canadian PM Trudeau following family photo at the G7 Summit expanded session in Taormina reuters

Trump also exchanged numbers with French President Emmanuel Macron when the two spoke immediately following Macron's victory earlier last month, according to a French official, who would not comment on whether Macron intended to use the line.

据一位法国官员称，上个月早些时候，埃曼努尔•马克龙当选法国总统后，特朗普立即与其通话，并交换了手机号码。该官员拒绝评论马克龙是否打算使用该号码。

领导人们打私人电话，不行吗？

The notion of world leaders calling each other up via cellphone may seem unremarkable in the modern, mobile world. But in the diplomatic arena, where leader-to-leader calls are highly orchestrated affairs, it is another notable breach of protocol for a president who has expressed distrust of official channels.

在现代移动社会，世界各国领导人彼此拨打手机的想法似乎没什么大惊小怪的。但是在外交舞台上，领导人之间的通话是经过精心安排的，这是对官方渠道不信任的特朗普又一次公然违反外交礼节。

Presidents' phone calls with world leaders often involve considerable advance planning. State Department and National Security Council officials typically prepare scripted talking points and background on the leader on the other end of the line. Often an informal transcript of the call is made and circulated among a select group - sometimes a small clutch of aides, sometimes a broader group of foreign policy officials. Those records are preserved and archived.

美国总统与世界领导人通话前要进行大量的前期安排。国务院和国家安全委员会官员通常会事先准备谈话要点，以及对方领导人的背景资料。通话过程会生成非正式文本并在选定的小组成员间传阅，小组成员有时是几个助手，有时还包含更多外交政策官员。这些记录都会被保存归档。

The White House did not respond to questions on whether the president is keeping records of any less-formal calls with world leaders.

白宫没有回应特朗普是否保留了与世界领导人任意一通非正式通话的记录。

Trump's White House is already facing scrutiny for apparent efforts to work outside usual diplomatic channels.

特朗普白宫团队已经因为试图通过正常外交渠道以外的方式工作而面临审查。

The administration has been fending off questions about a senior aide's attempt to set up a secret back channel of communication with Moscow in the weeks before Trump took office. White House adviser Jared Kushner, Trump's son-in-law, met in December with Russia's ambassador to the US and discussed whether a secret line of communication could be used to facilitate sensitive policy discussions about the conflict in Syria, according to a person familiar with the talks.

在特朗普就职前几周，他的一名高级助手试图与莫斯科建立秘密沟通渠道，特朗普政府一直回避有关质疑。据一位知情人士称，白宫顾问贾瑞德•库什纳（特朗普的女婿）去年12月会见俄罗斯驻美大使，与其协商是否可以开通一条秘密通讯线路，以便于双方就有关叙利亚冲突的敏感政策进行讨论。

It was unclear whether an impromptu, informal call with a foreign leader would be logged and archived. The Presidential Records Act of 1981, passed in response to the Watergate scandal, requires that the president and his staff preserve all records related to the office. In 2017, the act was amended to include personal emails.

目前还不能明确与外国领导人即兴、非正式的通话是否将被记录存档。水门事件之后，美国通过了《1981年总统记录法案》，该法案要求总统及其属下保存所有与工作有关的记录。2017年，法案修正案将私人电子邮件纳入记录范畴。

But the law contains "blind spots" — namely, record-keeping for direct cellphone communications, said Jonathan Turley, a professor at George Washington University Law School, who specializes in public interest and national security law.

乔治华盛顿大学法学院公共利益和国家安全法专业的教授乔纳森•特利表示，手机直接通讯的记录保存是该法案的“盲区”。

特朗普曾批希拉里“电邮门” 如今打脸

The practice opens Trump up to charges of hypocrisy. Throughout last year's presidential campaign, he lambasted Democratic rival Hillary Clinton for using a private email server while she was secretary of state, insisting she should not be given access to classified information because she would leave it vulnerable to foreign foes.

特朗普的这种做法可能被指虚伪。因为在去年的总统竞选中，他抨击民主党对手希拉里•克林顿在担任国务卿期间使用私人电子邮件服务器，坚称不应该让希拉里获取机密信息，因为她会使这些信息轻易暴露给外国敌对势力。

如今，特朗普却到处分发自己的私人号码，其危险性不亚于希拉里的做法。

Presidents generally place calls on one of several secure phone lines, including those in the White House Situation Room, the Oval Office or the presidential limousine. Even if Trump uses his government-issued cellphone, his calls are vulnerable to eavesdropping, particularly from foreign governments, national security experts say.

总统们通常会通过白宫的战情室、总统办公室或总统座驾内的安全电话线路拨打电话。国家安全专家称，即使特朗普使用政府分发的手机，他的通话内容仍然很容易被窃听，尤其是被外国政府。

"If you are speaking on an open line, then it's an open line, meaning those who have the ability to monitor those conversations are doing so," said Derek Chollet, a former Pentagon adviser and National Security Council official now at the German Marshall Fund of the United States.

前国防部顾问兼国家安全委员会官员德里克•夏勒特现就职于美国德国马歇尔基金会，他表示：“如果通过开放的通信线路讲话，意味着那些有能力监控这些谈话的人正在实施监控，因为这是一条开放线路。”

A president "doesn't carry with him a secure phone," Chollet said. "If someone is trying to spy on you, then everything you're saying, you have to presume that others are listening to it."

夏勒特说，总统“不会携带安全电话，如果有人试图要监视你，那么必须假设，你所说的一切都有人在监听了。”

The caution is warranted even when dealing with allies. As German Chancellor Angela Merkel's learned in 2013, when a dump of American secrets leaked by Edward Snowden revealed the US was monitoring her cellphone, good relations don't prevent some spycraft between friends.

即使在与盟友打交道时，仍然要保持警惕。关系亲密也阻挡不了朋友间的间谍活动，德国总理安吉拉•默克尔2013年时就得到了这个教训，当时爱德华•斯诺登泄露的一批美国机密信息显示，美国正在监控默克尔的手机。

Trump has struggled more than most recent presidents to keep his conversations with world leaders private. His remarks to Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto and Russian diplomats have all leaked, presumably after notes of the conversations were circulated by national security officials.

与美国近几任总统相比，特朗普与世界领导人的谈话想要保密很难。他与澳大利亚总理马尔科姆•特恩布尔、墨西哥总统恩里克•培尼亚•涅托以及俄罗斯外交官的对话都被泄露了。据推测，可能是在国家安全官员传阅谈话内容要点后泄露的。