本周,各地大中小学陆续开学。有些同学因为要见到一个假期没有见的同学好友而兴奋,而有些同学则因为对上学这件事充满焦虑而不愿回到学校。
After the end of a semester and before the next, there are a good number of children with “school refusal disorder. [Photo/VCG]
After the end of a semester and before the next, there are a good number of children with “school refusal disorder,” Dr Zhang Yiwen of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center told The Paper.
上海儿童医学中心的章依文医师对澎湃资讯表示,在上一个学期结束、下一个学期开始之前,有很多孩子都有“拒绝上学症”。
“学校恐惧症”(school phobia),也称为“拒绝上学症”(school refusal disorder),指一些儿童和青少年对学校产生恐惧和厌恶心理,不愿回到学校,表现出来的症状有:头疼(headache)、恶心(nausea)、胃疼(stomachache)等。
儿童(children)和青少年(teenagers)是开学恐惧症的多发人群。据统计,13.8%的儿童情绪障碍(mental disorder)为学校恐惧症。国内有研究发现,学校恐惧症中女孩比男孩略多见,男女比为3:4。
学校恐惧症多发于几个年龄段。5-7岁为第一高峰期。这一阶段可能与分离焦虑(separation anxiety)相关;11-12岁为第二高峰期,可能与学习压力(school pressure)逐渐加重,难以适应环境,以及与老师、同学间的人际冲突(interpersonal conflicts)有关;14-15岁为第三个高峰期,这可能与学生进入青春期身心发展不平衡(unbalanced physical and mental development)、自我意识冲突等因素有关。
另外,毕业班的学生面临升学的关键学期,沉重的学习任务以及自身和家长的过高期望(overexpectation)、渴望成功但又担心失败的心理(the mentality of longing for success while worrying about failure)都让孩子们深感压力巨大。
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