研究：出名或导致早逝

澳大利亚的研究人员在对《纽约时报》2009年到2011年期间的1000条讣告分析后发现，演员、歌手及体育明星等事业成功的公众人物寿命普遍都比其他领域的成功人士短，且艺人当中患癌症，尤其是肺部肿瘤的比例比较高。研究人员表示，这个发现并不能算是研究结论，不过却能引发不少对于名气代价的思考。比如，少年成名者是否更容易在光环褪去后养成一种不健康的行为习惯？或者，崇尚非凡成就的心理压力和家庭压力是否会导致终身都有自虐倾向？或者说，敢于冒险的个性增加了他们成功的几率，伴随而来的就是用烟草、酒精或毒品在短期内刺激作品产出。研究人员指出，这一分析发现应该成为那些想出名的年轻人的健康警告。

Having a glittering career in the public eye may come at the cost of a shorter life, an analysis of obituaries in a US newspaper suggests.

It showed performers and sports stars tended to die a few years younger than people successful in other careers.

The researchers acknowledge the study does not provide any conclusive answers, but said it asked interesting questions about the cost of fame.

The data was published in QJM: An International Journal of Medicine.

Researchers in Australia looked at 1,000 obituaries in the New York Times between 2009 and 2011.

They showed that performers, such as actors, singers and musicians, as well those who made a career in sport died the youngest - at an average age of 77.

Writers, composers and artists died at 79. Those classed as academics, including historians and economists, survived until 82 on average while those in business or politics made 83.

The researchers, at the University of Queensland and the University of New South Wales, said cancer, particularly tumors in the lungs, was more common in performers.

Costly

Professor Richard Epstein said: "A one-off retrospective analysis like this can't prove anything, but it raises some interesting questions.

"First, if it is true that successful performers and sports players tend to enjoy shorter lives, does this imply that fame at younger ages predisposes to poor health behaviors in later life after success has faded?

"Or that psychological and family pressures favoring unusually high public achievement lead to self-destructive tendencies throughout life?

"Or that risk-taking personality traits maximize one's chances of success, with the use of cigarettes, alcohol or illicit drugs improving one's performance output in the short term?"

He added that, whatever the reason, the findings should be considered as a "health warning to young people aspiring to become stars".

Honey Langcaster-James, a psychologist who specializes in celebrity behavior, said so few people achieved star status that it made it difficult to scientifically study the effect on people's lives.

She said: "The results are interesting of themselves as they suggest an inherent hazard of a public career and that all that glitters is not necessarily gold.

"They may be paying a high price for their career."

However she said it was not easy to come up with a scientific explanation.

On the one hand she said such a career "has unique stressors" such as "the pressure to live up to a public image, which can lead to risky behaviors".

Yet she suspected that "particular personal characteristics predispose people to wanting a career in the public arena", which may also lead to lifestyle choices affecting health.