315消费者权益日：消费者权利和义务知多少

On 15 March, 1962, US President John F. Kennedy delivered an historic address to the US Congress in which he outlined his vision of consumer rights. This was the first time any politician had formerly set out such principles.

1962年，美国总统约翰·肯尼迪在美国国会发表了一次历史性的演说。在演说中，他提出了消费者权益纲要。这是有史以来第一位提出消费者权益的政治家。

Over time, the consumer movement has developed this vision into a set of eight basic consumer rights:

随着时间的演进，消费者运动将肯尼迪的纲要发展成为八项消费者权益：

The right to satisfaction of basic needs - To have access to basic, essential goods and services: adequate food, clothing, shelter, health care, education, public utilities, water and sanitation.

满足基本需要的权利——获得生活必需的产品和服务：充足的食物、衣服、住房、医疗、教育、公共事业（公共交通、电力等）、清洁的水和卫生设备。

The right to safety - To be protected against products, production processes and services that are hazardous to health or life.

获得安全保障的权利——确保消费者购得的产品及其制造过程，以及服务对健康或生命不会构成危害。个人资料及隐私应备受尊重及保障。

The right to be informed - To be given the facts needed to make an informed choice, and to be protected against dishonest or misleading advertising and labelling.

取得正确数据的权利——有充足及可信赖的信息，从而让消费者作出明智的选择，免他们受不诚实或误导广告和标签的欺骗。

The right to choose - To be able to select from a range of products and services, offered at competitive prices with an assurance of satisfactory quality.

自由选择的权利——能够有多类的产品和服务供选择，而它们的价格水平具竞争力，质量亦有保证。

The right to be heard - To have consumer interests represented in the making and execution of government policy, and in the development of products and services.

发表意见的权利——政府、企业、专业团体和行业商会制定的政策，影响及消费者购买的产品和服务。在制定政策的过程中，须顾及消费者利益。

The right to redress - To receive a fair settlement of just claims, including compensation for misrepresentation, shoddy goods or unsatisfactory services.

获得公正赔偿的权利——就误导、劣质产品或不满意的服务，获得公正的赔偿。

The right to consumer education - To acquire knowledge and skills needed to make informed, confident choices about goods and services, while being aware of basic consumer rights and responsibilities and how to act on them.

接受消费者教育的权利——获取充足的消费信息，在有议价能力的基础上作出明智的购买决定，以及知道消费者应有的基本权责和付诸实行。

The right to a healthy environment -To live and work in an environment that is non-threatening to the well-being of present and future generations.

享有可持续发展及健康的环境的权利——在相对安全及可持续的环境下安居乐业。

In the 1980s, CI's (Consumers International) then president, Anwar Fazal, led the call to also introduce a set of consumer responsibilities to compliment consumer rights.

20世纪80年代，国际消费者联盟时任主席安华·费沙呼吁在消费者权益的基础上制定出消费者责任。

These remain crucial principles for many consumer rights organisations today:

以下这些条款称为了很多消费者权益组织所推行的重要原则：

Critical awareness - consumers must be awakened to be more questioning about the provision of the quality of goods and services.

批判性意识——消费者必须对商品的质量和服务条款存有更多的质疑。

Involvement or action - consumers must assert themselves and act to ensure that they get a fair deal.

自我主张与行动——消费者必须以自我行动争取公平交易的权利。

Social responsibility - consumers must act with social responsibility, with concern and sensitivity to the impact of their actions on other citizens, in particular, in relation to disadvantaged groups in the community and in relation to the economic and social realties prevailing.

社会责任——消费者必须具有社会责任心，考虑到自身行为给其他公民造成的影响。特别要在经济和社会层面考虑到社会中的弱势群体。

Ecological responsibility - there must be a heightened sensitivity to the impact of consumer decisions on the physical environment, which must be developed to a harmonious way, promoting conservation as the most critical factor in improving the real quality of life for the present and the future.

环境意识——必须意识到消费者行为对环境的影响。环境必须更加和谐，保护环境是提高生活质量中最重要的一环。

Solidarity - the best and most effective action is through cooperative efforts through the formation of consumer/citizen groups who together can have the strength and influence to ensure that adequate attention is given to the consumer interest.

团结合作——消费者团体或市民团体的集体行动是最为有效的。团结一心影响才会更大，才能确保消费者利益得到充分关注。