健康生活:吃肉越多越易生病

People who eat a lot of processed meat such as ham, bacon, sausages and burgers run a greater risk of premature death and developing conditions such as cancer and heart disease, research shows.

研究显示，吃大量加工肉类如火腿、熏肉、香肠和汉堡的人将面临更大的过早死亡风险，并引发癌症和心脏类疾病。

The study, which included data from 448,568 people in 10 European countries, including the UK, found that the biggest consumers of processed meat were 44% more likely to die prematurely from any cause than those who ate little of it. High levels of consumption increased the risk of death from heart disease by 72% and cancer by 11%.

这项囊括包括英国在内的欧洲十国448568人的研究，发现加工肉类的最大消费者比那些很少吃它的人多44%的可能因各种原因而过早死亡。高消耗增加了72%的心脏病死亡风险以及11%的癌症死亡风险。

If everyone ate no more than 20g a day of processed meat – about one rasher of bacon, chipolata sausage or thin slice of ham – then 3% of all premature deaths could be avoided, according to an estimate by the authors, led by Professor Sabine Rohrmann from the University of Zurich. Their results are published in the journal BMC Medicine.

据来自苏黎世大学的Sabine Rohrmann教授指导的研究者估计，如果一个人一天食用不超过20克的加工肉——大约一薄片熏肉、小香肠盘菜或火腿薄片，其中就有3%的人可以避免过早死亡。他们的研究成果发表在BMC医学杂志上。

But a small amount of red meat also seems to benefit health, because it contains important nutrients and minerals, they add. Risks rise in line with the level of consumption, the researchers found. The results are in line with previous studies. Dr Rachel Thompson, deputy head of science at the World Cancer Research Fund, said the research bore out its own findings in 2007 – disputed by the meat industry at the time – about the health risks of processed meat.

但是少量红肉似乎也有益于健康，因为它含重要的营养素和矿物质，他们补充道。研究人员发现风险随着消耗量的增加而增加。结果与之前的研究结果是一致的。世界癌症研究基金会的科学副会长雷切尔•汤普森博士表示，该研究在2007年证实了自己关于加工肉类的健康隐患的发现，那时受到肉类产业的质疑。

It has found that consuming bacon, ham, hot dogs, salami and some sausages heightened the risk of bowel cancer. The charity estimates that 4,100 fewer Britons a year would be diagnosed with the disease if everyone ate no more than 10g of processed meat a day, though advises avoiding it altogether.

研究发现食用咸肉、火腿、热狗、腊肠和一些香肠增加了罹患肠癌的风险。如果一个人一天吃了不超过10克的加工肉，该慈善机构估计每年英国将减少4100人被诊断患有疾病，虽然建议完全避免加工肉。

Dr Carrie Ruxton said the study's findings were not robust enough to justify changing public health advice. The fact those who consumed the largest amounts of processed meat also displayed other unhealthy habits meant it was hard to confidently ascribe risk of death to meat eating alone, she said.

Carrie Ruxton博士说这项研究发现还不够有力地来证明改变公众健康的建议。事实上那些消耗大量加工肉的人还显示了其他不健康的习惯，这意味着很难确定地将死亡风险单单归结为吃肉，她说。

"The occasional bacon butty isn't going to do you much harm. People shouldn't avoid bacon or salami because they think it's going to kill them, because it won't. We can't say that from this study. But we do know that processed meat has a higher salt and fat content, so having bacon or salami in moderation, and switching to lean red meat products, is a good idea," Ruxton added. Tracy Parker, a heart health dietitian with the British Heart Foundation, said people who ate a lot of processed meat should try to eat a more varied diet, such as chicken, fish, beans or lentils.

“偶尔的熏肉三明治并没有对你造成多大的伤害。人们不应该因为觉得这将致命而避免培根或意大利香肠，因为它不会。我们不能从这个研究中这样说。但我们知道，加工肉类有更高的盐和脂肪含量，所以适度食用熏肉或香肠，并转换到瘦红肉产品是一个好主意，” Ruxton补充说。英国心脏基金会的心脏健康营养师特蕾西•帕克说，吃大量加工肉的人应该尽量尝试更加多样化的饮食，如鸡、鱼、黄豆和扁豆。