女性健康必修课：20多岁女性必须做的9种检查

Busy women tend to put visits to the doctor at the end of their priorities. But when in the midst of a hectic life, making time for health check-ins is vital. Hopefully you're up to date with all of your necessary vaccinations and can just focus on making sure you're on track with these appointments.

工作繁忙的女性总不经意地忽视健康检查，但在庸庸碌碌的一生中，这正是必不可少的。我们希望你已接种过所有需要接种的疫苗，并能确保自己走在保持定期检查身体的轨道上。

Every Five Years

每五年，你需要做：

1. Physical exam: While certain studies are calling physical exams useless, the National Institute of Health still suggests getting two physical exams in your 20s and 30s. Every doctor is different when it comes to a physical, but chances are your provider will go over your history, vital signs, and blood work and perform a variety of medical screenings.

体格检查：尽管某些研究宣称体格检查无用，但美国国立卫生研究院建议20多岁和30多岁应分别做一次体格检查。每位医生做的检查项目也许略有区别，但至少你的医生会看一遍你的医疗记录、检查生命体征、血象，并做一系列摄片检查。

2. Cholesterol: Once you're 20 years old, checking your cholesterol every five years is essential. The process is fairly straightforward; after you fast for 12 hours, you go for a blood test that measures total cholesterol, LDL "bad" cholesterol, HDL "good" cholesterol, and triglycerides. Your LDL cholesterol levels should be 100 mg/dL or less, and your HDL (good) cholesterol levels should be 60 mg/dL or above.

胆固醇检查：当你已跨过20岁的大坎以后，每五年检查一次胆固醇成了必要。过程并不复杂：禁食12小时后，将做血液测试，以检查体内的全胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白（“坏胆固醇”）、高密度脂蛋白（“好胆固醇”）、和甘油三酯含量。低密度脂蛋白含量应低于100mg/dL，而高密度脂蛋白应高于60mg/dL才算正常范围。

Every Three to Five Years

每3-5年，你需要做：

3. Pap smear: While yearly pap smears were the norm, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, most women from age 21 to 65 can wait three to five years between pap tests as long as the results are normal.

宫颈涂片检查：虽然常规是一年一做，不过美国妇产科学会的专家们认为，如果每次的检查结果均正常，年龄介于21-65岁的女性每3-5年做一次复查即可。

Every Three Years

每3年，你需要做：

4. Breast exam: The breast exam performed by a physician is an important preventative measure to take to lower your breast cancer risk. According to the American Cancer Society, women in their 20s and 30s should have a clinical breast exam (CBE) every three years. While the majority of women don't have to start going for annual mammograms until their 40s, the ACA also recommends early mammogram screening for women with a first-degree relative who has had breast cancer.

乳腺检查：医生对乳腺进行检查，可以极大程度上避免乳腺癌的发生。据美国癌症协会报道，每三年，年龄介于20多岁和30多岁的女性都应该检查一次乳腺。尽管绝大多数女性都是直到40多岁才开始每年进行乳房X光摄影检测，美国癌症协会仍然建议：那些直系亲属中有乳腺癌病史的女性应该尽早做该检查。

Every Two Years

每两年，你需要做：

5. Eye exam: The American Optometric Association recommends a comprehensive eye exam every two years. You'll take a series of vision tests to assess if you need glasses and also to check that your eyes are in good shape.

视力检查：美国眼科协会推荐每两年做一次全面眼科检查。你将接受一系列视力测试，以衡量是否需要佩戴眼镜，并及时发现眼睛是否状态良好。

Every Year

每一年，你需要做：

6. Blood pressure: Having your blood pressure checked every year is a necessity. Luckily, you don't have to head to the doctor every time you're due. Look out for screenings in your area or use the automated machines at your local pharmacy. High blood pressure - also known as hypertension - is 140/90 or above. The normal adult blood pressure should be below 120/80.

血压测量：每年必须测量血压。幸运的是，你并不需要每次都去医生那儿测血压。在家附近找个血压测量点、或是在药店里买个自动测血压计都行。高血压指血压值是140/90及以上，正常成年人的血压应该在120/80以下。

7. Dental exam: You may dislike heading to the dentist, but staying on top of this appointment is essential for your long-term health. Make sure you head for a thorough cleaning and dental exam every six months to a year.

牙齿检查：也许你讨厌去牙科诊所，但为了长远健康考虑，这个检查是很有必要的。每6个月或一年应该进行一次彻底全面的牙齿清洁及功能检查。

Every Month

每个月，你应该做：

8. Self breast exams: While certain medical groups claim that self breast exams are no longer needed, many women have chosen to continue this practice. If you're not sure how to do a breast self exam already, learn the instructions, and be familiar with how your breasts feel and look. The test itself won't lower your risk, but having this performed regularly is putting you in the best position to see issues in the earliest stages.

自我乳房检查：某些医疗团队宣称自我乳房检查没什么用，但仍然有很多女性坚持这么做。如果你不确定如何正确地自行检查乳房，学习一下，并记住自己乳房的触感和外观。自我检查并不会降低乳腺癌的发病率，但常规的检查能最大限度地帮助你尽早发现异常并予以治疗。

9. Self skin exam: If you have a propensity for sun spots or moles, you may have to go to your dermatologist more regularly, but The Skin Cancer Foundation recommends a simple head-to-toe self skin exam every month. The instructions are simple and easy to follow, and just like a self breast exam, it helps you get familiar with your skin so you notice changes earlier.

自我皮肤检查：如果你钟爱太阳晒斑或痣，请经常去你的皮肤科医生那里检查。皮肤癌协会推荐每月进行一次简易全身皮肤检查，内容简单易学。就跟乳房自查一样，这个检查能让你对全身皮肤情况了如指掌，这样一旦有变化发生，你便可以立即察觉到。