尼泊尔出新规：想攀登珠峰？有钱还不够，你还得有这些证明！

今年登山季珠穆朗玛峰出现了致命拥堵，仅在五月份就有11人遇难，尼泊尔政府也因此饱受批评。

近日，尼泊尔政府成立的专门小组发布了新规定，进一步提高了珠峰登山许可证的门槛，登山者不仅要受过相关训练并有高海拔登山经历，还必须提交健康和体能证明。

All climbers seeking a permit for Qomolangma must have prior high altitude mountaineering experience and demonstrable training, a high-level commission for the Nepalese government has ruled.

尼泊尔政府管辖的高级委员会规定，凡是想获准攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人，必须有高海拔登山经历并受过硬核的培训。

The recommendation was issued by the body charged with looking at the issue of high-altitude safety after one of the deadliest seasons in recent years on Qomolangma, which was blamed on inexperience and crowding near the summit.

在珠峰上出现了近年来最致命的高海拔安全问题后，负责调查这一问题的机构发布了上述建议。登山安全问题被归咎于经验不足和山顶附近过于拥挤。

Eleven climbers were killed or went missing on the 8,850-metre mountain in May, nine on the Nepalese side and two on the Tibetan side.

今年五月，11名登山者在海拔8850米的珠峰上死亡或失踪，9名在尼泊尔境内的南坡遇难，2名在中国西藏的北坡遇难。

The Nepalese panel - made up of government officials, climbing experts and agencies representing the climbing community - was set up after climbers and guides criticised officials for allowing anyone who paid $11,000 to attempt to climb Qomolangma. Some veteran guiding companies had long warned of the dangerous consequences of inexperience and crowds on the summit slopes.

尼泊尔的这一委员会由政府官员、登山专家和登山团体代表机构组成。在该委员会成立之前，登山者和导游们批评尼泊尔官员允许任何能支付1.1万美元（约合人民币7.7万元）的人攀登珠峰。一些经验丰富的导游公司早就警告过缺乏经验和山顶拥挤的危险后果。

veteran['vɛtərən]: adj. 经验丰富的

"Climbers to [Qomolangma] and other 8,000-metre mountains must undergo basic and high altitude climbing training,” the panel said in the report it submitted to the government.

委员会在提交给政府的报告中写道：“攀登珠穆朗玛峰和其他海拔8000米以上山峰的人必须接受基本的登山训练和高海拔登山训练。”

It said that those hoping to climb Qomolangma must have climbed at least one Nepalese peak of more than 6,500-metres before getting a permit. Climbers must also submit a certificate of good health and physical fitness and be accompanied by a trained Nepalese guide.

委员会称，想攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人必须至少攀登过一座海拔6500米以上的尼泊尔山峰才能得到登山许可。登山者还必须提交健康和体能证明，并由受过训练的尼泊尔导游陪同。

Mira Acharya, a member of the panel, said: “Climbers died due to altitude sickness, heart attack, exhaustion or weaknesses, and not due to traffic jams”. She said the compulsory provision of guides for each climber was to discourage solo attempts, which put lives at risk.

委员会的其中一名成员米拉·阿查里雅说：“登山者是由于高原反应、心脏病、精疲力竭和体弱而死亡，不是因为交通堵塞而死亡。”她说，强制规定每一名登山者都要有导游陪同，目的是阻止有人独自登山，独自攀登会有生命危险。

The panel's report also proposes a fee of at least $35,000 for those wanting to climb Qomolangma , and $20,000 for other mountains higher than 8,000m.

委员会的报告还提议，对想攀登珠峰的人收取至少3.5万美元的费用，对想攀登海拔8000米以上其他山峰的人收取2万美元的费用。

Nepal is home to eight of the world’s 14 highest mountains, and mountain climbing is a key source of employment and income for the poor nation.

世界最高的14座山峰中，尼泊尔就占了8座。登山是这个较为贫穷的国家的重要就业和收入来源。

The numbers attempting the climb in May led to bottlenecks in the “death zone”, where very low oxygen levels put lives at risk. Oxygen cylinders ran out while as many as 100 people waited in the queue.

五月登珠峰人数过多导致了“死亡地带”出现拥堵，那里极低的氧气水平威胁到了登山者的生命安全。在多达100人排队登顶的过程中，有些人用光了自己的氧气储备。

The issues were underlined by Simon Lowe, the managing director of UK-based Jagged Globe, who said this year’s crowding had aggravated an underlying issue of lack of experience.

英国公司Jagged Globe的总经理西蒙·洛强调了这一问题，他表示今年珠峰的拥堵加重了缺乏经验的潜在问题。

aggravate['æɡrəvet]: vt. 加重；使恶化

"That is incompetent climbers being led by incompetent teams,” Lowe said. “If you go up with a bare minimum bottles of supplementary oxygen and stand in a queue for ages that is going to cause problems.”

“这里指的是不合格的团队带领的不合格的登山者，”洛说道，“如果你只带了最小量的备用氧气瓶上山，又在队伍里长时间地等待，那肯定是要出问题的。”

Without reforms such as those suggested by the panel, Lowe said guiding on the mountain by responsible companies could become untenable.

洛指出，如果没有委员会建议的这些改革，负责任的公司的登山导游工作将会做不下去。

untenable[ʌn'tɛnəbl]: adj. 不能维持的

Nepal issued 381 permits for Qomolangma for this year’s climbing season, which tends to culminate in May, when the daylight and weather are the most forgiving.

今年登山季，尼泊尔签发了381份攀登珠峰的许可证。珠峰攀登通常都在五月达到高峰，那时候的日照和天气条件都是最佳的。

Ghanshyam Upadhyaya, a senior tourism ministry official, said the recommendations would be implemented. “The government will now make the required changes in laws and regulations guiding mountain climbing,” he told Reuters.

旅游部的高级官员甘希亚姆·乌帕德希雅说，这些建议将会被实行。他告诉路透社说：“现在政府将会对指导登山的法律法规做出所需的改动。”