中年阶段健身与少年阶段健身一样受益

Getting active in midlife could be as good for you as starting young when it comes to reducing the risk of an early death, researchers have suggested.

研究员表示：在降低早逝风险方面，人到中年开始运动与年少时就开始运动一样受益。

But experts say the study, which looked at people's patterns of exercise as they aged and their subsequent death records, also shows the benefits fade once exercise declines.

但专家表示，这项研究关注的是随着年龄的增长，人们所采取的运动模式以及他们的死亡记录，同时，这项研究还表明，一旦减少运动，所受益处也会慢慢消失。

"If you maintain an active lifestyle or participate in some sort of exercise over this window of time [from youth to middle age], you can reduce your risk for dying," said Dr Pedro Saint-Maurice, the lead author of the research, from the National Cancer Institute in the US.

"如果你从青少年时期到中年时期一直保持着积极的生活方式，或是进行了某种运动，你的死亡风险就会降低，"该研究的首席作者Pedro Saint-Maurice医生说道，他来自美国国家癌症研究所。

"If you are not active and you get to your 40s-50s and you decide to become active, you can still enjoy a lot of those benefits."

"如果你在这段时间内并不活跃，到了40至50岁时决定开始运动，那你仍能享受运动带来的益处。"

The study, published in the journal Jama Network Open, was based on data from more than 300,000 Americans aged 50-71 who undertook a questionnaire in the mid-1990s. They were asked to estimate the extent of their moderate to vigorous leisure exercise at different stages of their life. Researchers then used national records to track who died in the years up to the end of 2011.

发表在《美国医学会杂志》Network Open上的这篇研究的基础源于1990年中期30多万名参与问卷调查的50至71岁的美国人的数据。受试者被要求预估在生命中的不同阶段所进行的休闲运动的程度：适度-剧烈。之后，研究员利用国内记录来追踪截至2011年底的死亡受试者人数。

After taking into account factors including age, sex, smoking and diet, the team found that those who were exercising into middle age had a lower risk of death from any cause in the years that followed than those who had never carried out any leisure exercise. However, when the team looked at 10 different patterns in the way people were active over their life, it found a surprise.

考虑了年龄、性别、吸烟和节食等因素后，该研究团队发现：相比从未健身的受试者而言，在中年阶段保持运动的受试者在这些年内的死亡率更低（无论死于何种原因）。然而，当研究团队研究了人们保持活跃的10种不同的模式时，他们发现了惊喜。

Men and women who ramped up their activity gradually to about seven hours a week by the age of 40-61 reduced their risk of death from any cause in the years that followed by about 35%. The benefit was similar to that seen for people who reached and maintained similar activity from their teens or 20s onwards, or who exercised at such a level when young and middle-aged but dipped in activity in their 30s.

40到61岁逐渐将运动量增加为每周7小时左右的受试者在生命后期死于任何原因的风险降低了约35%。这一益处与青少年时期或20岁出头就开始保持运动的受试者所获的益处相差无几，同时与在青年时段至中年时段保持高强度锻炼但30岁之后便降低运动程度的受试者所获的益处相似。