新研究发现:每天吸食大麻或增加精神病风险

As more states legalize marijuana, people are starting to believe it's A-OK to smoke pot. And it's easy to understand why. If it's legal, it can't be that bad for you, right? Actually, not necessarily. New research shows daily marijuana users, especially those who use high-potency weed, may be three times more likely to develop a psychotic disorder, like schizophrenia, than non-users.

随着美国越来越多的州宣布大麻合法化，人们开始认为吸食大麻无害。原因显而易见。如果大麻是合法的，那它肯定无害啊，不是吗？实际上，并不尽然。新研究表明：每天都吸食大麻的人，尤其是吸食强效大麻的人，患精神分裂等精神病的可能性是不吸食者的三倍。

The study, published in The Lancet Psychiatry, looked at 901 people ages 18 to 64 who were first diagnosed with psychosisthis between 2010 and 2017. (Psychosis is considered to be any disorder that causes a person to lose touch with reality.) The participants were diagnosed at mental health facilities across 11 cities in Europe and Brazil.

研究发表在《柳叶刀精神病学》杂志上，研究员在2010年至2017年观察了901位首次被诊断出患有精神病的患者，他们的年龄在18至64岁之间。（精神病被认为是一种导致个人与现实失去联系的疾病。）受试者在欧洲和巴西的11个城市的精神健康机构被诊断出精神疾病。

The researchers then asked those diagnosed with psychosis as well as a group of more than 1,200 healthy people about their weed habits-things like if they used weed, how often, and what kind. The researchers were then able to identify how much THC (the psychoactive compound in weed) people were getting based on they reported using.

随后，研究员了解了这些被诊断出精神病的患者与1200多名健康人群的吸食大麻习惯--比如他们是否吸食大麻、频率如何、吸食哪种大麻等。之后，研究员根据他们的吸食情况，确定每个人体内的四氢大麻酚水平（大麻中影响精神的化合物）。

They found the participants who used pot daily were three times more likely to develop psychosis than those who had never used the drug. That number increased to a startling five times more likely for those who used high-potency cannabis-anything with at least 10% THC-daily. In fact, the cities where high-potency weed is most commonly used (London, Paris, and Amsterdam) had the highest rates of new diagnoses of psychosis.

他们发现：吸食大麻的受试者患精神病的可能性是不吸食大麻的受试者的三倍。对于每日吸食强效大麻（至少含有10%的四氢大麻酚）的受试者而言，该可能性增加到五倍，十分惊人。事实上，吸食强效大麻最频繁的城市（伦敦、巴黎和阿姆斯特丹）有着最高的精神病诊断率。

So how common is high-potency weed, anyway? Turns out it's more common than you think. A recent study published in the European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience found the average potency of weed in Europe and the U.S. in 2017 was 17.1%, nearly double the 8.9% average in 2008.

所以，强效大麻究竟有多普遍呢？事实表明，它比你以为的更常见。《欧洲精神病学和临床神经科学档案》（European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience）近期刊出的一项研究发现：2017年欧洲和美国吸食大麻的平均强度为17.1%，几乎是2008年平均强度的一倍（8.9%）。

It is important to note, however, that this study doesn't prove that using marijuana directly causes psychosis. More research would need to be done before we can say that for sure.

然而，重要的是，这项研究并未证明每日吸食大麻会导致精神病。在肯定这一说法之前，还需要开展更多研究。