整容客户低龄化 元凶竟是自拍？

据《南华早报》报道，我国接受整容手术的客户中超半数年龄在28岁以下，其中青少年占到了总量的8%。整容低龄化不仅是我国的现状，也是全球的趋势。医生指出，这主要是受社交媒体尤其是自拍热的影响，过去，人们希望医生把自己整成明星脸，而现在，人们则要求整成自己美化后照片上的模样。

Plastic surgery clients are trending younger globally, and doctors and psychologists are pointing to the rise of social media as playing a role.

全球整容手术的客户都呈年轻化趋势，医生和心理学家指出，这是受社交媒体兴起的影响。

According to a report in the South China Morning Post, not only is the number of aesthetic plastic surgery cases—including cosmetic procedures like rhinoplasty, facelifts, and lip augmentations—on the rise globally, but the average age of clients is also dropping. Of the 22 million Chinese who underwent cosmetic procedures in 2018, clients under age 28 accounted for 54% (nearly 12 million) of patients. Teenagers, meanwhile, accounted for 8% of total procedures. Comparatively, in western European nations, the average age dropped from 42 to 37 in 2018; in the US, over 200,000 teens aged 13 to 19 had aesthetic plastic surgery in 2017, but only made up 1% of total US procedures.

据《南华早报》的一篇报道，不光是全球美容整形手术——包括隆鼻、拉皮、丰唇在内的整容手术——的数量在增加，客户的平均年龄也在下降。2018年接受整容手术的2200万中国人中，28岁以下的客户占54%（近1200万）。与此同时，青少年占到了总量的8%。相比而言，西欧国家2018年的平均整容年龄从42岁降到了37岁。在美国，超20万13岁至19岁的青少年在2017年做了美容整形手术，但只占到美国整容手术总量的1%。

Doctors, surgeons, and psychiatrists are pointing to selfie-led social media culture as driving the rise of aesthetic surgery among young people. That’s a departure from what surgeons say marked plastic surgery trends of the early aughts, when people brought in pictures of celebrities and models and asked for features to better match them.

内外科医生和精神病医生指出，以自拍为主导的社交媒体文化促使更多年轻人去做美容手术。这背离了医生所说的整容手术早期的标志性趋势，那时候人们都是拿着名人和模特的照片前来，要求把五官整成名人的样子。

Julian De Silva, a plastic surgeon based in London’s Harley Street, confirmed to SCMP that social media “is heavily influencing plastic surgery trends and cosmetic treatments.” In the last five years, he’s noticed that “patients are taking more photos of themselves than ever, and as a result they are far more self-conscious about their appearance. Flaws they would previously have ignored have, since the advent of social media, plagued them.”

伦敦哈利街的一名整容医生朱利安·德·席尔瓦向《南华早报》证实，社交媒体“对整容手术趋势和美容治疗产生了很大影响”。在过去五年间，朱利安注意到，“客户给自己拍的照片比过去都要多，结果就是他们对外表比以前敏感得多。自从社交媒体兴起后，原先会被忽视的缺陷开始困扰他们。”

plague[pleg]: v. 使折磨，使苦恼；纠缠，缠扰

"Snapchat dysmorphia,” a phenomenon coined in a 2018 paper published in a JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery Viewpoint by Boston University researchers, refers to a trend in which people are bringing plastic surgeons their own heavily doctored or filtered selfies, and requesting to look more like their photos. The report noted that 55% of plastic surgeons cite seeing patients who want to improve their appearance in selfies, a request that comes more often from teens, who are more frequent social media users than older adults.

2018年波士顿大学研究人员发表在《美国医学会杂志整容观点》上的一篇论文创造了一个新词——“Snapchat畸形恐惧症”，指的是人们带着自己精修或美颜过的自拍照请医生把自己整得更像照片模样的一种趋势。报告指出，55%的整形外科医生声称曾见过想改善自己的自拍形象的客户，提出这种要求的更多的是青少年，他们使用社交媒体比成年人更频繁。

doctor['dɑktɚ]: v. 篡改，伪造；修理（机器）

Although Snapchat dysmorphia is not an official mental disorder listed in the DSM, the report highlighted its similarities to body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a disorder classified on the obsessive-compulsive spectrum characterized by people going to great, often harmful lengths, to hide perceived imperfections and affects roughly 2% of Americans.

尽管“Snapchat畸形恐惧症”没有被列入精神障碍病症的官方名录，但报告强调了Snapchat畸形恐惧症和身体畸形恐惧症的相似性。身体畸形恐惧症是强迫症的一种，表现特征是人们采用极端的通常是有害的手段来隐藏自己认为不完美的地方，约有2%的美国人患有此病。

Indeed, the negative effects social media can have on mental health and wellbeing are well documented. A 2017 survey by Britain’s Royal Society for Public Health (RSPH), a health education charity, ranked Instagram as the #1 worst social media network for its associations with anxiety and depression, with Snapchat following closely behind. Following the RSPH survey, research from Carmen Papaluca of Notre Dame revealed a connection between Instagram and mental health, particularly in young, female Instagram users. Specifically, findings from the study reported that women in their late teens and early 20s found that the app negatively impacted body image.

实际上，社交媒体对心理健康和幸福度造成的负面影响是有据可查的。2017年英国皇家公共卫生协会（一个健康教育慈善机构）开展的一项调查将Instagram列为影响最坏的头号社交媒体网站，因为该网站会引发焦虑和抑郁，Snapchat紧随其后。接着，圣母大学的卡门·帕帕卢卡开展的一项研究揭示出Instagram和心理健康之间的联系，尤其是针对Instagram年轻女性用户。具体而言，研究结果发现，20岁左右的女性发现Instagram对身体形象造成了负面影响。

And the rise of selfie culture has coincided with a greater access to cosmetic beauty procedures. In the US, wrinkle-reducer Botox and dermal filler Juvéderm are being marketed to 20-somethings over its core clientele, women over 40. Meanwhile, a wave of Instagram-friendly clinics like Alchemy 43, Kate Somerville, and Skin Laundry have popularized medical beauty treatments, including services like Botox, fillers, lip injections, and laser treatments, for the under-30 crowd.

自拍文化的兴起恰逢整形美容手术的普及。在美国，商家向20多岁的人推销抗皱的肉毒杆菌素和皮下填充剂乔雅登，他们对这部分客户的重视程度超过了核心客户——40岁以上的女性。与此同时，一大波对Instagram友好的诊所（如Alchemy 43、凯特萨默维尔、Skin Laundry等）纷纷推广医疗美容，包括对30岁以下人群进行肉毒杆菌素注射、填充、丰唇、激光治疗等服务。

clientele['klaɪən'tɛl]: n. 客户

The SCMP notes that a 2018 report released by Chinese cosmetic procedure platform Gengmei found that the number of cosmetic surgery clinics opening last year increased by 10% compared with 2017. And according to the Chinese online magazine Sixth Tone, Gengmei and its competitor, the cosmetic-surgery social app SoYoung, saw their communities skyrocket, with the former noting that 36 million users and 20,000 certified surgeons joined the app in the past few years. Sixth Tone also notes that Chinese clients are likely influenced by neighboring South Korea, where European and K-pop beauty standards—big eyes, slim noses, etc.—are pervasive, and about one-third of women under 30 have had plastic surgery. Indeed, double-eyelid surgery, a procedure that seeks to produce bigger, Western-looking eyes, has become a common 18th birthday present.

《南华早报》指出，2018年中国整形平台更美APP发布的一份报告称，去年新开的整容诊所相比2017年增加了10%。另外，据中国“第六声”网站报道，更美APP与其竞争对手整形社交应用新氧APP发现，它们的社区人气暴涨，前者指出，过去几年有3600万名用户和2万名获得认证的医师加入了更美APP。“第六声”还指出，中国客户可能是受到邻国韩国的影响，在那里欧洲和韩流审美标准（比如大眼睛和窄鼻子）无处不在，30岁以下的韩国女性约有三分之一做过整容手术。打造西方人般的大眼睛的双眼皮手术已经成为普遍的18岁生日礼物。