香肠和汉堡每年导致4000人死亡

Sausages and burgers are killing more than 4,000 Brits a year, an international study has claimed. Processed meats are causing death rates higher than most other countries according to findings published in the respected Lancet medical journal.

一项国际研究声称，香肠和汉堡每年导致4000多位英国人死亡。在受人敬重的医学杂志《柳叶刀》上发表的研究结果表明，英国由于加工肉类造成的死亡率高于大多数其它国家。

Scientists calculated that there were a total of 90,000 deaths caused directly by poor diet in Britain in 2017 due factors such as not eating enough fruit and vegetables. Researchers analysed death rates for cancer cardiovascular disease and diabetes in 195 countries as well as intake of 15 key ingredients in foods or drink.

科学家计算得出，2017年由于摄入的水果和蔬菜不足等因素，共计9万名英国人死于饮食不良。研究员分析了195个国家的癌症心血管疾病死亡率和糖尿病死亡率，也分析了食物或饮料中15种关键成分的摄入量。

In the UK they found eating too much processed food caused 4,300 deaths and too much salt 14,100 deaths. While on an individual level foods cannot be identified as a cause of death, the statisticians calculated on a population level how many lives would be saved if we ate "optimal" amounts of these foods.

在英国，他们发现，摄入过多加工肉类导致4300人死亡，摄入过多食盐导致14100人死亡。虽然从个人层面而言，食物不能被确定为一种死因，但统计学家就人口层面计算得出--摄入食物"最佳"量将挽救的人命数。

Too much red meat was responsible for 369 deaths while too much sugary drinks caused 1,900 deaths. Other factors measured were diets lacking in nuts, seeds, legumes, whole grains, milk, fibre, calcium, seafood omega-3 fatty acids and polyunsaturated fats.

过多的红肉导致369人死亡，而过多的含糖饮料导致1900人死亡。其它影响因素包括缺少坚果、种子、豆类、全谷物、牛奶、纤维、钙、海鲜欧米茄3脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪的饮食。

Lack of fruit was responsible for 18,400 deaths, vegetables 13,400 deaths and whole grains 24,200 deaths. Author Dr Christopher Murray, of the University of Washington, said: "Poor diet is responsible for more deaths than any other risk factor in the world. While sodium, sugar, and fat have been the focus of policy debates over the past two decades, our assessment suggests the leading dietary risk factors are high intake of sodium (salt), or low intake of healthy foods, such as whole grains, fruit, nuts and seeds, and vegetables."

水果摄入不足导致18400人死亡，蔬菜摄入不足导致13400人死亡，全谷物摄入不足导致24200人死亡。克里斯托弗·莫里是研究作者之一，也是华盛顿大学的博士，他说："饮食不良造成的死亡人数比其它任何风险因素造成的死亡人数都要高。虽然过去几年来，钠、糖和脂肪一直是制定饮食政策的辩论焦点，但我们的评估表明，主要的饮食风险因素是钠（食盐）摄入量过多，或健康食物（比如全谷物、水果、坚果和种子，以及蔬菜）摄入量过低。"

Of these the UK fared worst in the international comparison for processed meats which caused an estimated 6.7 deaths for every 100,000 adults in 2017.

在加工肉类导致的死亡率的国际对比中，英国表现最差：2017年，每10万成年人就有约6.7人死亡。

Death rates due to high levels of processed meats saw Britain come 17th worst out of 195 nations. This was worse than other European nations such as Italy with 3.2, Ireland and Spain at 3.1 and France at 2.8. Scientists recommend a daily intake of processed meats of between 18g and 27g.

就加工肉类摄入量过多造成的死亡率而言，英国在195个国家中位列17名。对比其他欧洲国家，比如意大利每10万成年人有约3.2人死亡，爱尔兰和西班牙每10万成年人有约3.1人死亡，法国每10万成年人有约2.8人死亡，英国的表现着实不尽如人意。科学家建议，每日加工肉类摄入量应控制在18至27克之间。