英译商务合同时,常常由于选同不当而寻致词不达意或者意思模棱两可,有时甚至表达的是完全不同的含义。因此了解与掌握极易混淆的词语的区别是极为重要的,是提高英译质量的关键因素之一,现把常用且易混淆的七对词语,用典型实例论述如下:
shipping advice 与 shipping instructions
shipping advice 是“装运通知”,是由出口商Both parties Shall abide by/All the activities of both parties shall comply
with the contractual stipulations. change A to B 与 change A into B 英译“把 A 改为 B”用change A to B,英译“把 A 折合成/兑换成 B”用change A into B,两者不可混淆。 例 4:交货期改为 8 月并将美元折合成人民币。
Both parties agree that change the time of shipment to August and change US dollar into Renminbi. ex 与 per 源自拉丁语的介词 ex 与 per 有各自不同的含义。英译由某轮船“运来”的货物时用 ex,由某轮船“运走”的货物用 per,而由某轮船“承运”用 by。 例 5:由“维多利亚”货轮运走/运来/承运的最后一批货将于 10 月 1 日抵达伦敦。
The last batch per/ex/by S.S. "Victoria" will arrive at London on October
(S.S. = Steamship) in 与 after 当英译“多少天之后”的时间时,往往是指“多少天之后”的确切的一天,所以必须用介词 in,而不能用 after,因为介词 after 指的是“多少天之后”的不确切的任何一天。 例 6:该货于 11 月 10 日由“东风”轮运出,140 天后抵达鹿特丹港。
The good shall be shipped per M.V. "Dong Feng" on November 10 and are due
to arrive at Rottedaml in 140 days. (M.V.= motor vessel) on/upon 与 after 当英译“……到后,就……”时,用介词 on/upon,而不用 after,因为 after 表示“之后”的时间不明确。 例 7:发票货值须货到支付。
The invoice value is to be paid on/upon arrival of the goods. by 与 before 当英译终止时间时,比如“在某月某日之前”,如果包括所写日期时,就用介词 by;如果不包括所写日期,即指到所写日期的前一天为止,就要用介词 before。 例 8:卖方须在 6 月 15 日前将货交给买方。
The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15.(or: before
June 16,说明含 6 月 15 日在内。如果不含 6 月 15 日,就译为 by June 14 或者 before June 15。)
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