专题五 非谓语动词
非谓语动词是高中英语教学中的重点和难点,也是历届高考的重点考查项目。不仅单项填空中,而且完形填空、短文改错中都反复考查。命题热点多是一些常用动词及特殊动词其后的非谓语动词的形式(不定式、过去分词及动词的ing形式)的不同要求。有时也涉及非谓语动词的完成式和否定式以及非谓语动词作状语时的逻辑主语一致性原则。具体来说其考点主要包括:
1. 不定式的完成式、进行式、被动式;不定式作后置定语与分词作后置定语的区别。
专题导读
2. 不定式的省略与不定式的否定结构。
3. 只能接动名词的动词,只能接不定式的动词以及接动名词、
不定式有区别的动词。
4. 动名词的被动式、否定结构。
5. 现在分词与过去分词作定语、状语、宾语补足语的区别,以及不定式作状语与分词作状语的区别。
2017年高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查,而且对分词的考查仍是重点。试题的测试点将呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度多样化”的趋势,但试题的难度将会有所控制。
()1.[2011·全国卷] The next thing he saw was smoke________ from behind the house.
A.rose
B.rising
C.to rise
D.risen
【解析】 B rise和smoke是主动关系,而且他所看到的是正在升起的烟,所以用rise的ing形式。rising短语作表语smoke的后置定语,相当于一个定语从句,即which was rising…
真题典例
()2.[2011·全国卷Ⅱ] The island,________to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to.
A.joining
B.to join
C.joined
D.having joined
【解析】 C 考查非谓语动词。句意:这个岛由一座桥和大陆连着,很容易去的。island和join之间是被动关系,故需用过去分词。joined to the mainland by a bridge相当于一个定语从句which is joined to the mainland by a bridge。
()3.[2011·全国卷Ⅱ] Sarah pretended to be cheerful,________
nothing about the argument.
A.says
B.said
C.to say
D.saying
【解析】 D 考查非谓语动词。句意:莎拉假装很高兴,对争论没有说什么。saying…为现在分词短语,作伴随状语。says和said都作谓语;to say表示将要说。
()4.[2011·北京卷] It's important for the figures ________ regularly.
A.to be updated
B.to have been updated
C.to update
D.to have updated
【解析】 A 考查非谓语动词的用法。figure(数字)和update(更新)是动宾关系,因此要用被动形式,此外,从后面的regularly(经常地)来看,更新是经常性的动作,所以应该用一般式。
()5.[2011·北京卷] Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired,
________
on your feet.
A.to keep
B.keeping
C.having kept
D.to have kept
【解析】 B 考查非谓语动词。这里是分词作状语,描述站着的状态,用分词的一般式。句意为:坐下吧,Emma,老是站着会更累的。
()6.[2011·天津卷] ________ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
A.Translating
B.Translated
C.To translate
D.Having translated
【解析】 B 考查非谓语动词的用法。translate 和句子主语the sentence是动宾关系,且此动作已发生,所以要用过去分词作状语表被动完成。句意为:翻译成英文后,发现这个句子的词序完全不同了。
()7.[2011·山东卷] Look over there — there's a very long,winding path ________ up to the house.
A.leading
B.leads
C.led
D.to lead 【解析】 A 考查非谓语动词。从句子结构判断此处需要定语修饰path,lead与path之间是逻辑上的主动关系,因此要用现在分词作定语。不定式作定语往往表示将来的动作,例如:There is nothing to do. 此处也可以用定语从句修饰path,但是要用关系代词引导,即that/which leads up to the house,因为关系词在定语从句中作主语不能省略,故排除B项。
()8.[2011·江苏卷] Recently a survey________ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.
A.compared
B.comparing
C.compares
D.being compared
【解析】 B 考查非谓语动词。从句子结构分析,主语是a survey,谓语部分是has caused heated debate among citizens。因此所填成分是充当survey的后置定语。根据survey和compare之间的关系是主动关系可知选择B项,相当于which compares…
()9.[2011·福建卷] Tsinghua University,________
in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
A.found
B.founding
C.founded
D.to be founded
【解析】 C 考查过去分词短语作定语。清华大学创立于1911,因此应使用过去分词表被动。
()10.[2011·福建卷] The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable________
.
A. held
B. holding
C. be held
D. to hold
【解析】 D 考查动词不定式作状语。句意:厚度和重量与先前版本的不同使得iPad 2拿着更舒服。形容词easy,hard,difficult,comfortable作表语,后面需用不定式的主动形式表被动意思,故正确答案为D项。
()11.[2011·安徽卷] Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ________ into small pieces.
A.break
B.breaking
C.broken
D.to break
【解析】 D 考查动词不定式的用法。句意为:汤姆问糖果生产商他们能否生产那种可以很容易就掰成小块的巧克力。此处为make+宾语+adj.(作宾语补足语)+to do结构,此处的to break作目的状语。
()12.[2011·辽宁卷] Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach________ to read fast.
A. what
B. who
C. how
D. why
【解析】 C 考查动词不定式的用法。根据句意“20个学生想上旨在教会学生______阅读得快的课。”以及四个疑问词,只有“如何阅读得快”合适。
()13.[2011·浙江卷] Even the best writers sometimes find themselves________ for words.
A.lose
B.lost
C.to
lose
D.having
lost
【解析】 B 考查非谓语动词。此处lost是过去分词,作find的宾语补足语。
()14.[2011·四川卷] Simon made a big bamboo box________ the little sick bird till it could fly.
A.keep
B.kept
C.keeping
D.to keep
【解析】 D 考查非谓语动词。句意为:“Simon做了个大竹筐用来饲养这只生病的小鸟,一直到它能飞。”故此处应使用动词不定式to keep作目的状语,故答案为D。
()1.One Sunday several former classmates gathered at Tom's,
________
their high school reunion the year before.
A.talking about
B.to talk about
C.talked about
D.having talked about 【解析】 A 考查非谓语动词。根据句意“星期天几个老同学在汤姆家里聚会,谈论着他们一年前的高中校友聚会”可以看出,“谈论”是在这次聚会的过程中发生的,即“谈论”伴随着“聚会”,因此用分词作伴随状语,又因句子主语classmates与动作“谈论”之间为主谓关系,因此用现在分词talking about。
新题预测
()2.When I caught him
________
me, I stopped buying things there
and started dealing with another shop.
A.cheated
B.cheating
C.to cheat
D.to have cheated
【解析】 B 考查非谓语动词。依据前半句意思“当我发现他欺骗我时”可以判断出,句中的him与动作“欺骗”为主谓关系,因此用现在分词作宾语补足语,故答案为B。
()3.The footballer didn't succeed in scoring, though________ several chances by his teammates.
A.was given
B.being given
C.giving
D.given
【解析】 D 考查非谓语动词和省略。该句though后面是省略,相当于though he was given several chances by his teammates。逻辑主语the footballer与动词give构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词given,所以这里选D项。
()4.My little brother is like a bull in a china shop, always________ things over.
A.knocks
B.knocking
C.to knock
D.having knocked
【解析】 B 考查非谓语动词。句意:我的小弟弟在一家瓷器店里就像一头公牛,经常把东西撞倒。根据语意此处应用动词的现在分词形式作状语。
()5.Microblogs experienced rapid growth in 2010 in China,
with the number of microblog operators,users and visitors ________ several times.
A.to increase
B.increasing
C.increased
D.increase
【解析】 B 考查非谓语动词。后半句是介词with的复合结构,意在表明微博的经营者、使用者和访问者的数量增加了好几倍。这些人与increase之间是主谓关系,表示状态的持续,故用动词的现在分词形式。
()6.Some people try to knock me down, only______ me more determined to do better.
A.to make
B.makes
C.having made
D.made
【解析】 A 考查非谓语动词。句意:一些人努力将我打倒,结果却让我决心做得更好。根据语意可知设空处是不定式短语作结果状语,通常与only连用,表示出乎意料的结果。
()7.________ with a gradual rise of seawater, some nations in the Pacific are considering moving in the near future.
A.Facing
B.To face
C.Faced
D.Being faced
【解析】 C 考查非谓语动词。设空处表示“面对海水逐渐上涨(的情况)”,本题中 Faced with 相当于 Facing。
()8.Always remember that your own decision ________ is more important than anything else.
A.to succeed
B.succeeding
C.having succeeded
D.succeeded
【解析】 A 考查非谓语动词。句意:永远记住,你想要成功的决定比别的什么东西都重要。不定式短语 to succeed 在句中作后置定语,表示目的,符合语意。
()9.Now that we've discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions
________?
A.taking
B.take
C.taken
D.to take
【解析】 C 考查非谓语动词。考生容易误选A项,忽视了with复合结构中宾语补足语与宾语的关系。这里的decisions是take的逻辑宾语,因此用take的过去分词形式作后置定语。句意:既然我们已经讨论了我们的问题,人们对做出的决定满意吗?
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