专题十 定语从句 定语从句考查的重点是关系副词与关系代词的区分及“介词+关系代词”型的定语从句,其中对as,which,whose用法的考查也比较多。考查方式由知识结构的单一性向综合性、交叉性转变;由重点考查关系代词向 “介词+关系代词”以及关系副词转变。学习时尤其要注意以下两种定语从句:1. 使用where而非“地点”型定语从句。定语从句的先行词是mark, situation, case, point, scene, business等名词而且从句缺少状语时,要使用where表示“一种特定的……情况”或“一个特定的……场合”。2. “分裂”型定语从句。即运用插入语、介词、副词短语等手段使先行词远离关系代词或关系副词,以达到增加试题难度的效果。 2017年对定语从句考查将会继续遵循上述考点。
专题导读 ()1.[2011·全国卷Ⅱ]Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T shirt,________
is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A.this
B.that C.what
D.which
【解析】 D 本题考查非限制性定语从句。which代表前面的整个句子的内容,指特德只穿短裤和T恤衫来度周末这件事。this和that均构成单句,逗号不能连接两个单句;what不是关系代词,不引导定语从句。
真题典例
()2.[2011·安徽卷] Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,________it will keep for two or three weeks.
A.when
B.which
C.where
D.while 【解析】 C 考查定语从句。首先注意本句中的keep表示“(食物)保持不坏”,如:Finish off the pie—it won't keep.(把馅饼吃了吧——搁不住。);其次从句的主语it指代的是Whatever is left over(剩下的任何东西),从句的全句为:Whatever is left over will keep for two or three weeks in the refrigerator. 先行词为refrigerator,在从句中作地点状语,故选C。 ()3.[2011·北京卷] Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others,________, of course, made all the others upset. A.who
B.which
C.what
D.that
【解析】 B 考查定语从句的关系词。去掉干扰成分of course后,题干会更清晰。可以看出,使大家不安的是前面所说的事情,即:Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others,代替前面所说的一件事情,要用which引导的非限制性定语从句。 ()4.[2011·福建卷] She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students________ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which
B. where
C. what
D. who 【解析】 A 本题考查定语从句。句意:她具有给学生创设一种允许他们自由交流的氛围的天赋。分析句子结构可知,定语从句“________allows them to communicate freely with each other”修饰先行词atmosphere,将先行词代入从句后为:The atmosphere allows them to communicate freely with each other.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作主语,而且指代物,所以须用关系代词which,故正确答案为A项。 ()5.[2011·湖南卷] Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of
________ she
spoke fluently. A.who
B.whom
C.which
D.that
【解析】 C 本题考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知“all of ________”引导非限制性定语从句,修饰指代物的“German, French and Russian”,故排除A、B两项,又根据that不能引导非限制性定语从句,故选C。
()6.[2011·江西卷] She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction________ had taken more than three years.
A.for which
B.with which
C.of which
D.to which
【解析】 C 考查定语从句。句意为:她带参观者在博物馆里到处参观,这家博物馆的建设花了三年多时间。
()7.[2011·全国卷Ⅰ] The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A.that
B.which
C.whose
D.what
【解析】 C 本题考查定语从句引导词的用法。本空在定语从句中作story的定语,因此用 whose。
()8.[2011·山东卷] The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other.
A.they
B.where
C.what
D.that
【解析】 D 本题考查定语从句。从结构判断,houses后面是一个定语从句,先行词在从句中作主语,因此用that引导。
()9.[2011·陕西卷] I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, ________we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A.which
B.where
C.who
D.that
【解析】 B 考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词是the top of the hill,在此处指地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where,选B。其余选项与题意不符。
()10.[2011·四川卷] The school shop, ________customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
A.which
B.whose
C.when
D.where
【解析】 B 本题考查定语从句。此处是whose引导的非限制性定语从句,在定语从句中作customers的定语。句意为“这个学校商店——其顾客大多是学生——因此放假就关门了。”
()11.[2011·天津卷] The days are gone___ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A.when
B.that
C.where
D.which
【解析】 A 考查定语从句的关系词。解题时要注意,关系词和先行词被are gone隔离。引导一个定语从句,代替表示时间的先行词the days,在从句中作时间状语,所以要用关系副词when。句意为:全靠体力谋生的日子已经一去不复返了。
()12.[2011·浙江卷] English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of
________uses it somewhat differently.
A.which
B.what
C.them
D.those
【解析】 A 考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是several diverse cultures,在从句中作of的宾语,所以应用关系代词which。
()13.[2011·浙江卷] A bank is the place________ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A.when
B.that
C.where
D.there
【解析】 C 考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是the place,先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where。
()1.The small town is just the one you know ____
I used to work when I was young.
A.that
B.which
C.what
D.where
【解析】 D 考查定语从句。分析语境逻辑和句子结构可知,先行词the one在从句中作地点状语,因此该空应填where引导的定语从句。做题时应注意先行词与定语从句之间出现的插入语you know。
新题预测
()2.The hardships of my early life constantly remind me to provide the best environment for my son,________, I have to admit, may result in a little spoiling(溺爱).
A.that
B.which
C.what
D.who
【解析】 B 考查定语从句。I have to admit作插入语, which在此引导非限制性定语从句, 充当从句的主语, 代指前面句子的内容。由此可以排除其他选项。
()3.As a result of our serious staff shortages, the situation has risen
________
we have to hire graduating college students for help.
A.that
B.when
C.where
D.As
【解析】 C 考查定语从句。把从句补充完整:We have to hire graduating college students for help in the situation,可以看出,先行词为the situation在从句中作状语,故用关系副词where,因此答案为C。
()4.As soon as you get home from school, think about the order
________
you will do homework and how much time you will spend on each one.
A.of which
B.in which
C.through which
D.at which
【解析】 B 考查定语从句。此题从搭配入手,in…order意为“按照……顺序”,此题即可迎刃而解。
()5.—Believe it or not, my sister and I are twins.
—Oh, you must have had the case________ you were mistaken for your sister.
A.which
B.whose
C.where
D.whom
【解析】 C 考查定语从句。语意表示“你肯定有过你被误认为是你姐姐的情况”。where you were taken for your sister是定语从句,修饰先行词the ease,表示的是抽象地点,where可用in which替换。
()6.—What does the notice say? —All the storytellers should meet at the same hall ________ won the first three prizes.
A.what
B.as
C.who
D.which
【解析】 C 考查定语从句。根据句法,这是个分隔式定语从句,从句“________won the first three prizes”缺少主语,先行词“All the storytellers”指人,所以用关系代词who或that,且不能省略。
()7.We stayed in a quiet hotel, ________.
A.next to it was a thick wood
B.next to which was a thick wood
C.next to it there was a thick wood
D.next to which a thick wood was
【解析】 B 考查定语从句和倒装。句意:我们居住在一个安静的旅馆,旅馆附近是一片茂密的树林。后半句是定语从句,句中的which代指hotel,从句用倒装。
()8.The beautiful village,________ we spent our holiday last month, lies at the foot of a mountain.
A.what
B.that
C.which
D.where
【解析】 D 考查定语从句。先行词the beautiful village表地点,定语从句we spent our holiday last month中缺少状语,所以应用关系副词where。
()9.We hope the measures to control house prices, ________ are taken by the
government, will succeed.
A.which
B.that
C.what
D.as
【解析】 A 考查定语从句。which 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 the measures, which 在从句中作主语。
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