甘肃省兰州市2016届高考一轮英语阅读理解和短文改错自练（4）及答案

　　【由内蒙古包头市201阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A,B,C和D)中，选出最佳选项。Hello. I’m Jan from Mrs.Lake’s class. My class wants to work together to help the public. We think we have found a great way to do this. Last month we did a class project on the highways near our town. We learned about the Adopt-a-Highway Program. This program brings people together to pick up litter along the roads. We think it would be a great idea for all students in our school to join the program and adopt a highway.

　　Adopting a highway is not like adopting a pet.

　　When a highway is adopted，only part of the highway is cared for by a group of people. The group agrees to work every week to keep its part of the highway clean.Each group gets its own sign that has the name of the group printed on it. The sign is put up at the side of the road. This sign lets drivers know who is keeping that area of the road clean.

　　The Adopt - a-Highway Program is a great way for people to help their environment look nicer. Also,the governwent does not have to send out as many road workers. This saves money. Finally, people may try harder to keep roads clean if they see people，especially teenagers like us， cleaning them up.

　　We will need helpers to care for our adopted highway. If you want to feel great and keep our roads clean，please come with your parents to the meeting next week. We will meet in Mrs. Lake’ room on Wednesday at 6:00 P.M. At the meeting, we will talk about which roads are the dirtiest as a result of people's unkind acts. Then we' Il try to pick an area to adopt and clean ap.

　　I look forward to seeing you at the meeting. Remember to keep our roads clean!

　　1.What is the Adopt-a-Highway Program about?

　　A. Giving names to the highways.

　　B. Drawing pictures of highways.

　　C. Picking up litter along the roads.

　　D. Putting up signs near the roads.

　　2. What should the students do first if they want to join the program?

　　A. Pick a spot to care for.

　　B. Call Mrs.Lake next week.

　　C. Write a letter to their parents.

　　D. Go to a meeting on Wednesday.

　　3.What is the purpose of this speech?

　　A. To encourage students to join the program.

　　B. To introduce the traffic system.

　　C. To show drivers how to drive safely.

　　D. To tell a story about adopting a pet.

　　4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Adopt – a-Pet

　　B. Adopt-a-Highway

　　C. Ways to Protect the Environment

　　D. Volunteers on Roads

　　【参考答案】1—4、CDAB

　　阅读理解。

　　Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. Then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell apart.

　　“I have two kids in college, and I want to say ‘come home,’ but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education,” says Jacobs.

　　The Jacobs family did work out a solution: They asked and received more aid form the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan (贷款) program. They will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school.

　　With unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the Jacobs. More students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need student loans. College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around.

　　At the same time, tuition（学费）continues to rise. A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007, while average family income rose just 147%. Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade,

　　“If we go on this way for another 25years, we won’t have an affordable system of higher education,” says Patrick M. Callan, president of the center. “The middle class families have been financing it through debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.”

　　Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. The good news, however, is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.

　　1. According to Paragraph 1, why did the plan of Jacobs family fail?

　　A. The twins wasted too much money.

　　B. The father was out of work.

　　C. Their saving ran out.

　　D. The family fell apart.

　　2. How did the Jacobs manage to solve their problem?

　　A. They asked their kids to come home.

　　B. They borrowed $20,000 from the school.

　　C. They encouraged their twin sons to do part-time jobs.

　　D. They got help from the school and the federal government.

　　3. Financial aid administrators believe that _______.

　　A. more families will face the same problem as the Jacobses

　　B. the government will receive more letters of complaint

　　C. college tuition fees will double soon

　　D. America’s unemployment will fall

　　4.What can we learn about the middle class families from the text?

　　A. They blamed the government for the tuition increase.

　　B. Their income remained steady in the last decade.

　　C. They will try their best to send kids to college.

　　D. Their debts will be paid off within 25 years.

　　5.According to the last paragraph, the government will

　　.

　　A. provide most students will scholarships

　　B. dismiss some financial aid administrators

　　C. stop the companies from making student loans

　　D. go on providing financial support for college students

　　【文章大意】这是一篇关于学费贷款的文章。

　　【参考答案】1---5、BDACD

　　阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　体裁：议论文　话题：欧美风情　时间：6分钟

　　They can be damp and cold.But with a growing number of men seeing the shed as a home from home，research claims the solitude(独处) it provides at the bottom of the garden could actually be good for their health.

　　A study published in the British Medical Journal suggests that the peaceful retreat(退隐) may help lower blood pressure.Its author，Professor Alan White of Leeds Metropolitan University，claims the hours spent pottering(闲逛) about in sheds doing odd jobs also have a positive effect on men's self­esteem.“Men find doing things relaxing and that in itself is good for their health，” he said.“There's a sense of achievement that men get from starting a task to seeing it completed.Men know what a shed means and they feel comfortable.”

　　Such has been the growth in its popularity that communal(共享的) sheds are being set up to enable men to share their love of pottering and DIY.The “Men's Sheds”initiative has its roots in Australia.But 20 communal sheds have already sprung up in the UK from the Lake District to Greenwich.Peter Baker，chief executive of the Men's Health Forum，a charity involved in the scheme，said,“They've caught men's imagination.Men like to potter.”

　　There are approximately 11.5 million domestic sheds in Britain—a higher concentration than anywhere else in the world—and 1.5 million are sold every year.Furthermore，Britons spend more than 60 million hours a week in them.

　　Originating from the Anglo­Saxon word“scead”，meaning shade，the peaceful retreat remains a place for the lawnmower and potting bench but has also been transformed into a games room and even a mini pub.

　　【语篇导读】　庭院储藏室在英国很受男性的欢迎，因为它们不仅对男性的身体健康有好处，而且还可以提升他们的自尊。

　　1．Communal sheds are popular because ______.

　　A．men can share their love of pottering and DIY there

　　B．men can keep away from other family members there

　　C．men can stay there for the good of their health

　　D．men can complete an important task there

　　解析　细节理解题。从文章第三段第一句可知，男人在庭院储藏室可以分享他们对闲逛的爱好以及自己动手做事情的乐趣。

　　答案　A

　　2．Which of the following is NOT TRUE about garden sheds?

　　A．Men will feel relaxed in them.

　　B．Men will feel lonely staying in them.

　　C．They only benefit men physically.

　　D．They can help raise men's confidence.

　　解析　细节理解题。综合文章第二段所给的信息，庭院储藏室不仅对男性身体有好处，而且能够提高他们的自尊，它们对男性的影响是积极的，而B项说明的是本文并未提及的庭院储藏室的负面作用，因此不对。

　　答案　B

　　3．What can we infer from the last paragraph?

　　A．Garden sheds are just a place for men to work.

　　B．Garden sheds are not used by men only.

　　C．Garden sheds are mainly used as a store room.

　　D．Garden sheds serve several purposes for men.

　　解析　推理判断题。文章最后一段说明，庭院储藏室不仅是存放割草机和盆栽长，而且还可作为游戏室和迷你pub，由此推断D项正确。

　　答案　D

　　4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

　　A．The popularity of garden sheds

　　B．The new use of garden sheds

　　C．How to build garden sheds

　　D．Garden sheds improve men's health

　　解析　主旨大意题。综合全文，特别是文章第一段可知，文章主要说明庭院储藏室对男性健康的好处。

　　答案　D

　　【长难句解读】

　　原文　Such has been the growth in its popularity that communal(共享的)sheds are being set up to enable men to share their love of pottering and DIY.

　　译文　庭院储藏室如此受欢迎，以至于人们搭建起公用的储藏室，让男人在里面分享他们对闲逛的爱好和自己动手的乐趣。

　　分析　本句是一个复合句，采用了倒装形式。such...that...句式，如果把such置于句首，就要用倒装语序。

　　体裁：记叙文　话题：公共服务　时间：7分钟

　　The world of taxi drivers is dominated by men.But there is one small taxi company in Delhi，where all the drivers and passengers are female.Women's safety is a hot topic in India at the moment，so it's proving a very popular service.

　　“When I'm on the road driving our taxi I feel very proud，because this is the first taxi service only for women，”says 31­year­old Shanti Sharma，who is one of eight female drivers with a taxi service called Cabs for Women by Women.

　　The last couple of months，since the rape and murder in the city of a college student travelling on a bus，have been particularly busy for her and her colleagues.

　　“After this case，our workload has increased so much，” says Sharma.“Women who used other cab services are also turning to us now.”

　　Most women in Delhi say they routinely face harassment(骚扰)，and worse，especially on public transport.

　　Sharma，a single parent with three daughters，has been working as a taxi driver since 2011，when the service was first set up，and it has changed her life.This is the first time that she has earned enough—about

　　250 a month—to support her family.

　　Of course，she and the other female taxi drivers are completely outnumbered by male cabbies.“When I park somewhere there are always men there and inevitably five or six of them get together and hang out，” she says.“I'm usually the only woman in the parking lot，so I just stay inside the car.”

　　It's not much better when she is out on the road.Sharma says the male drivers give her a hard time.“As soon as they see a woman at the wheel they start honking(按喇叭) for no reason.They'll try to overtake you.I'm always worrying about how to avoid getting hit by someone.”

　　The company behind Cabs for Women by Women，Sakha Consulting Wings，had a number of goals when it set up the service.It wanted to give women from poor backgrounds an opportunity to earn money.By putting women in charge of technologies，it also wanted to change people's attitudes，and open up boundaries for women.

　　【语篇导读】　德里一家出租车公司专门推出了女性司机只为女性乘客提供服务的Cabs for Women by Women 出租车业务。生意异常火爆。

　　1．The taxi service Cabs for Women by Women ______.

　　A．is greatly needed at present in India

　　B．causes a hot debate in India

　　C．was set up in 2017

　　D．is free of charge for women

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的“it's proving a very popular service”可知，这项女性出租车服务在现在有很大需求量。

　　答案　A

　　2．Why are women who used other cab services turning to Cabs for Women by Women?

　　A．Because it is cheap.

　　B．Because it is safe.

　　C．Because

　　it is famous.

　　D．Because it is convenient.

　　解析　推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容可推知，那些以前乘坐其他出租车的女性现在选择Cabs for Women by Women，是因为这种由妇女驾驶的出租车能为女性乘客提供安全保障。

　　答案　B

　　3．What do we know about Sharma?

　　A．She is the first female taxi driver in Delhi.

　　B．She lives in harmony with her husband.

　　C．She has regretted becoming a taxi driver.

　　D．She has a better salary after becoming a taxi driver.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第六段可知，从2011年Sharma成为出租车司机后，她才赚了足够多的钱来养家糊口。

　　答案　D

　　4．What

　　is the main idea of the last paragraph?

　　A．The opportunities Cabs for Women by Women provides for women.

　　B．The main purposes of Cabs for Women by Women.

　　C．People's attitudes towards Cabs for Women by Women.

　　D．The background information of Cabs for Women by Women.

　　解析　段落大意题。根据本段的主题句“The company behind Cabs for Women by Women，Sakha Consulting Wings，had a number of goals when it set up the service.”可知，本段主要讲开展Cabs for Women by Women 出租车服务的目的。

　　答案　B

　　【长难句解读】

　　原文　Sharma，a single parent with three daughters，has been working as a taxi driver since 2011，when the service was first set up，and it has changed her life.

　　译文　Sharma是一个独自抚养三个女儿的单亲母亲，自从2011年首次开展这项服务以来，她一直是一名出租车司机。这改变了她的生活。

　　分析　and前后为两个并列分句。在第一个分句中，a single parent with three daughters 是Sharma的同位语。when引导一个定语从句，修饰2011。

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。

　　2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

　　When we had our class, our psychology teacher would take any liquid medicine from a tiny bottle. This touched the whole classes. We thought that he should ask for

　　leave and stayed at home for a rest, so he came to each class on time. Therefore, all of us studied psychology hard than we did any other subject. In the end of that term, we told him that how much we appreciated him. We were so worrying about her health that we asked him what disease he got and what medicine he took. With satisfied smile, he said, “I’m quite all right and it’s a bottle of tea.

　　【参考答案】4.

　　When we had our class, our psychology teacher would take any liquid

　　some

　　medicine from a tiny bottle. This touched the whole classes. We thought that he

　　class

　　should ask for a leave and stayed at home for a rest, so he came to each class on

　　stay

　　but

　　time. Therefore, all of us studied psychology hard than we did any other subject.

　　harder

　　In the end of that term, we told that how much we appreciated him. We were so

　　At

　　worrying about her health that we asked him what disease he got and what

　　worried

　　his

　　medicine he took. With ∧ satisfied smile, he said, “I’m quite all right and it’s a

　　a

　　bottle of tea.”

　　短文改错（共10小题；满分10分；改动第11处不计分）

　　In the past, teachers always kept on to explaining the points in class. Our students just listened and take notes. But now we often discuss and try to solve the problems raising by the teachers or ourselves. After class, we enjoy different kind of activities instead of doing endless homework. For example, we can read that we are interested in. We can go to the library and surf the Internet for variously kinds of information. In my opinion, exploring study does not help us learn much, but also make us to enjoy study and become masters of study.

　　【参考答案】5.

　　1 kept on to – kept on

　　2 our students – we students

　　3 take notes – took notes

　　4 raising – raised

　　5 kind of activities – kinds of activities

　　6 read that – read what

　　7 and surf – or surf

　　8 variously – various

　　9 not help – not only help

　　10 to enjoy – enjoy

　　6.短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文， 请你修改你同桌的作文。文中共有10处错误， 每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号∧，并在其下面写出该加的词

　　删除：把多余的词用斜线﹨划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下面划一横线， 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

　　Do you read reviews after you see a movie? I used to do that, but I usually wished I didn’t. I read so much about a movie on advance that I often ended up not go to see it at all. The writers point everything out that is wrong with the film, but seldom mentions anything good about one. They also tell the important things and even the ending of the movie. Lately I have changed way I choose movies to watch. I read reviews afterwards, if necessary. It is very important to me is that I don’t watch the talk shows in that people discuss movies. And I don’t ask other people how they like of it. Now, I enjoy myself even more.

　　【参考答案】6.

　　1. after-before

　　2. didn’t – hadn’t

　　3. on – in

　　4. go – going

　　5. mentions– mention

　　6. one – it

　　7.

　　way前加the

　　8. It – What

　　9. that – which

　　10. of去掉