黄石市2016高考英语一轮阅读理解和书面表达选练（4）及答案

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　“Experience may possibly be the best teacher,but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words,but they actually come from James March,a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organizational decision making. For years March(possibly the wisest philosopher of management)has studied how humans think and act,and he continues to do so in his new bookThe Ambiguities of Experience.

　　He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning:“Experience is respected;experience is sought;experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及)serious complications(复杂化),ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.

　　In one interesting part of the book,for example,he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting,he argues,we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says “The more accurately(精确地)reality is presented,the less understandable the story,and the more understandable the story,the less realistic it is.”

　　Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher,March is also a poet,and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short,it is demanding:Don’t pick it up looking for quick,easy lessons. Rather,be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.

　　1. According to the text,James March is　.　

　　A. a poet who uses experience in his writing

　　B. a teacher who teaches story writing in university

　　C. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act

　　D. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions

　　2. According to James March,experience　.　

　　A. is overvalued

　　B. is easy to explain

　　C. should be actively soughtD. should be highly respected

　　3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

　　A. Experience makes stories more accurate.

　　B. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.

　　C. The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.

　　D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.

　　4. What’s the purpose of this text?

　　A. To introduce a book.

　　B. To describe a researcher.

　　C. To explain experiential learning.

　　D. To discuss organizational decision making.

　　【参考答案】1-4 CABA

　　阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　(2017·南昌市二模，C)

　　“Plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere, but

　　changes in temperature, humidity and nutrient availability seem to trumped the benefits of

　　increased carbon dioxide，” said researchers from the National University of Singapore.

　　45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The

　　researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate

　　change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.

　　“We do not yet know the mechanisms involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected，” the researchers said. “Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we can't yet quantify.”

　　The change was big in coldblooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles smaller. An increase of 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism (新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth. There is a recent report on warmer temperatures' negative effects on plankton, the base of the marine ecosystem.

　　Warmblooded animals weren't immune from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Mammals have been miniaturized too. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaker. And polar bears are smaller, compared with historical records.

　　This is not the first time this has happened in Earth's history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a long time than the current climate change.

　　The speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times. So, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇科普说明文。主要报道了一项新发现，研究人员发现了气候变暖会导致地球上许多生物个体变小的现象。

　　16．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

　　A．Why do some species become smaller?

　　B．How does temperature change in Earth's history?

　　C．Climate change has many negative effects

　　D．Species become smaller as climate warms

　　答案：D　标题概括题。通读全文及第二段首句“45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past.”可知，本文主要讲述了气候变暖会导致许多生物个体变小的现象，故D项正确。

　　17．The underlined word “trumped” in the first paragraph can be replaced by ________.

　　A．been neglected by

　　B．had strong influences than

　　C．been weakened by

　　D．been less than

　　答案：B　词义猜测题。根据本句中的but可知，画线词与其前面的内容“大气中二氧化碳的增加会使植物个体变大”是转折关系，并根据下文中气温、湿度、可利用的营养等条件对生物的影响可知，这些条件的改变似乎比二氧化碳浓度增加更有影响力。故B项正确。

　　18．Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe that ________.

　　A．how climate change effects animals' size has not been found clearly

　　B．all the animals on the earth have become smaller

　　C．too many studies on animals' size have been done

　　D．people can avoid the negative effects of climate change

　　答案：A　细节理解题。文章第三段研究人员提到“We do not yet know the mechanisms involved”，其中the mechanisms指的是气候变暖影响了生物个体大小的机制，故A项正确。

　　19．What can we learn from the passage?

　　A．Climate change has even affected plankton negatively.

　　B．Birds have suffered more from climate change than fish.

　　C．Ants, bees and spiders have been shrinking by 50% to 70% in the past decade.

　　D．A warming event causing species to become smaller has never happened before.

　　答案：A　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“There is a recent report on warmer temperatures' negative effects on plankton, the base of the marine ecosystem.”可知，气候变化已经对浮游生物产生了有害影响。故A项正确。

　　20．What's the author's attitude toward climate change in the passage?

　　A．Concerned.

　　B．Optimistic.

　　C．Indifferent.

　　D．Confident.

　　答案：A　观点态度题。根据文章最后一句“So, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.”可知，作者对气候变暖对生物的影响有些担忧。故A项Concerned(关心的)符合语境。

　　【山东省潍坊市2017高考英语3月模拟试题】

　　写作(满分30分)

　　假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你周末滑冰时不慎将胳膊摔折，因而未能参加英语考试。请根据以下要点给你的外籍教师Mrs．Clemens写一封电子邮件：

　　1．表达歉意并解释缺考原因；

　　2．询问补考时间及课外作业(如阅读书目、作业要求等)。

　　注意：

　　1．词数：l20—150；

　　2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

　　Dear Mrs．Clemens，

　　【山东省烟台市2017高考英语3月模拟试题】

　　写作(30分)

　　你是高学生李华，今年高考学科阅读量加大而你的阅读能力较差因此学习压力越来越大。请根据以下写信向你前教Mr．Jhnson求助：

　　1．英语学习困难以及增加阅读量给带来困扰

　　2．希望得到他的指导和帮助。

　　注意：1．词数：l20l50，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

　　2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

　　Dear Mr．Johnson，

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　写作Dear Mr. Johnson,

　　How are things going with you?

　　I’m writing to ask for your help. As you know, I’m weak in English reading comprehension. Although I have tried every means to improve it, like expanding my vocabulary and doing a large number of exercises, so far all my efforts have ended up in failure, which really makes me discouraged. To make things worse, this year reading will make up a higher percentage than ever before in the coming College Entrance Examination. Now with the important exam drawing near, I feel more and more stressed and worried. If I didn’t take effective measures, I wouldn’t be able to get through the exam and that would ruin my college dream.

　　I’ll appreciate it very much if you can give me some advice on how to improve my reading ability effectively and I’m looking forward to your early reply.

　　Best wishes.

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　【陕西省西安市第一中学2017高考英语二模试题】

　　书面表达 （满分30分）

　　假定你是西安某一中学高三学生李华。在一个英文网络论坛上,你看到如下的一个帖子:

　　With the college entrance examination approaching, quite a few students are suffering mental problems. It does great harm to their study and health. What can we do to help those students? 请你回帖，要点如下： 

　　1. 同意并表示担忧，实际上，学生心理压力不可避免。

　　2. 列出某些学生心理焦虑的现象（如：担心考不好；缺乏自信心；容易发脾气等）； 3. 提出应该采取的对策（如积极态度和应对方法）。 注意：1. 可适当发挥；     

　　2. 词数：不少于100字。 _____________________________________________________________________

　　【】

　　I can’t agree more with what you said. That many students are suffering mental problems also worries me. It’s a fact that we face more and more mental pressure in our life, which, in my opinion, everyone will meet in their life.

　　Some students are so worried about exams and academic achievements that they can’t fall asleep at night. Some are discouraged and tend to lose their confidence because of constant failure in exams. Others can’t get along well with their parents or with their classmates. They always feel stressed and easily get angry.

　　As a matter of fact, there’re many ways for us to deal with our mental problems. First of all, we can turn to our teachers for help, including our teacher of psychology. Second, communication is of vital importance. When we have a talk about our problems with our friends or classmates, we can feel greatly relieved. Last but not least, we need to develop a positive attitude towards our studies and our life. With the mental problems removed, we will keep in normal mental health and study happily.