黄石市2016高考英语一轮阅读理解和书面表达选练（5）及答案

　　阅读理解, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　A chance to meet the Inuit people of Nunavut in Canada. While staying with the Inuit people you will have the chance to ride on a dog sled and canoe in a seal skin kayak.

　　If you do not eat meat, this tour is not for you as the Inuit eat mainly animals，birds and fish. This means they need to move around to gather food. You will join them when they are furthest south in the Arctic Circle. You will stay in igloos (houses made from snow) or tents and wear clothes made from animal skins

　　The Inuit usually live in small family groups but have large summer gatherings for feasts and celebrations where they swap stories. You will have the chance to join in with one of these large gatherings. You will have the opportunity to take part in the drumming and dancing，and listen to traditional accounts of bravery as well as play games! While dancing you may even be asked to wear a special animal dance mask which is usually carved from wood. The Inuit believe in animal spirits. Their jewellery is made from owl claws，wolf bones and bird skulls and you will get the chance to make some of these unusual pieces of jewellery.

　　1．While staying with the Inuit people you will have the chance to ________.

　　A. ride on a dog sled and canoe in a seal skin kayakB. take part in the drumming and dancing

　　C. listen to traditional accounts of bravery as well as play games

　　D. All of the above

　　答案：D　细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知A项正确；由第三段第三句可知B、C两项正确。

　　2．Why do the Inuit need to move around?

　　A. Because their living place is very cold in winter

　　B. Because they need to hunt animals, birds and fish for food

　　C. Because they need to grow vegetables in summer

　　D. Because there is a lot of wind in winter

　　答案：B　细节理解题。由第二段前两句可知，因纽特人的主要食物是动物、鸟和鱼，他们要不断迁徙以猎取食物。

　　3．In summer，the Inuit gather for ________.

　　A. hunting

　　B. selling and exchanging things

　　C. feasts and celebrations

　　D. weddings

　　答案：C　细节理解题。由第三段第一句可知答案。

　　4．Why is the Inuit's jewellery made from animals' bones?

　　A．Because it is much easier to make jewellery from animals' bones

　　B．Because jewellery made from animals' bones looks more beautiful

　　C．Because it is lighter to wear

　　D．Because the Inuit believe in animal spirits

　　答案：D　细节理解题。从最后一段最后两句可知，因纽特人相信动物灵魂，所以他们佩戴由动物骨骼制成的首饰。5．Where does the passage probably come from?

　　A. a science report

　　B. a diary

　　C. a travel advertisement

　　D. a travel brochure

　　答案：D　推理判断题。文章注意介绍了在旅游中将会遇到的事情，时态以现在时和将来时为主，所以不可能是日记(diary)和科学报告(science report)；没有具体的时间和旅游路线，所以也不可能是广告。, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　(2017·天津市十二区县联考二，C)

　　In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

　　I have taught many children who held the belief that their selfworth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often lifeanddeath affairs. In their singleminded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

　　However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the_most_vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued.

　　Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章首先提出论点“现代社会关于竞争有很多争议”，然后详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法。

　　16．What does this passage mainly talk about?

　　A．Competition helps to set up selfrespect.

　　B．Opinions about competition are different among people.

　　C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development.

　　D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition.

　　答案：B　主旨大意题。根据文章首句“In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.”可知，现代社会关于竞争有很多争议。下文内容围绕这一点详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法，因此这便是文章的中心论点。故B项正确。

　　17．Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?

　　A．It builds up a sense of duty.

　　B．It pushes society forward.

　　C．It improves personal abilities.

　　D．It encourages individual efforts.

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.”可知，有人认为竞争是社会进步和繁荣的动力。故B项正确。

　　18．The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means ________.

　　A．those who try their best to win

　　B．those who value competition most highly

　　C．those who are against competition most strongly

　　D．those who rely on others most for success

　　答案：C　词义猜测题。根据语境可知，有些人渴望成功，而有些人持相反的态度。在只注重赢家而不注意普通人的文化价值观下，他们强烈谴责竞争。其中最直言不讳的就是那些来自父母和社会的竞争压力下挣扎的年轻人。根据“Among”可知，画线词是指上文提到的那些强烈谴责竞争的人。故C项正确。

　　19．What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”？

　　A．One's worth lies in his performance compared with others'.

　　B．One's success in competition needs great efforts.

　　C．One's achievement is determined by his particular skills.

　　D．One's success is based on how hard he has tried.

　　答案：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第三、四句“Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.”可知，A项正确。

　　20．Which point of view may the author agree to?

　　A．Every effort should be paid back.

　　B．Competition should be encouraged.

　　C．Winning should be a lifeanddeath matter.

　　D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition.

　　答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.”不难看出作者的态度；只有消除竞争中的畏惧心理，我们才能发现竞争的意义。故D项正确。

　　阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　(2017·沈阳市二模，B)

　　A recent research shows that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at the age of 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as interruptions in their daily routines.

　　In general, these “short sleepers” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or worked fullor parttime while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their family, friends and so on.

　　When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering.

　　In similar situation,

　　their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.

　　The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients.

　　The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. The research shows that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally robbed of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers”．

　　文章大意：本文是一篇研究报告。报告中对“睡眠少”的人和“睡眠多”的人进行了对比分析，研究出了他们睡眠时间不同的原因，及其在梦境回忆、性格特点等方面的差异。

　　1．According to the report, ________.

　　A．many “short sleepers” needed less sleep before they were teenagers

　　B．many “short sleepers” were forced to reduce their nightly sleep time

　　C．many “long sleepers” were quite concerned when they slept 9 hours

　　D．many “long sleepers” had kept their sleeping habits since childhood

　　答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句“The research shows that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood.”可知，答案D符合文义。

　　2．Many “short sleepers” were likely to hold the view that ________.

　　A．sleep could make people appear active and cheerful

　　B．sleep was the least important on their daily routines

　　C．they were acceptable to all their friends and family

　　D．they were less extreme than many mental patients

　　答案：B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as interruptions in their daily routines.”可推知，他们将睡眠看成日常生活的障碍，故答案B符合文义。

　　3．It can be concluded from the third paragraph that ________.

　　A．“short sleepers” dealt with the psychological trouble themselves

　　B．“short sleepers” were unwilling to face psychological problems

　　C．“short sleepers” shortened the sleeping time because of pressures

　　D．“short sleepers” would rather remember than forget their dreams

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“In similar situation, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed...”可推知，答案B符合文义。

　　4．What is the purpose of writing this passage?

　　A．To introduce the result of a recent research.

　　B．To advise people to sleep for a longer time.

　　C．To show the disadvantages of short sleeping.

　　D．To explain the advantages of long sleeping.

　　答案：A　写作意图题。根据文章第一段的开篇点题和对文章的整体理解可知，本文是一篇研究报告，写作的主要目的是：介绍研究的成果，故答案A符合文义。

　　【深圳市2017高考英语综合能力测试题（6）】基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）

　　以下是你班“自然灾害”讨论会的记录汇总。

　　【写作内容】

　　根据下面方框中的信息，为英语校报写—篇报道。

　　时间：三月九日，班会课

　　与会人员：全班同学及班主任

　　讨论内容

　　1．现象：十年来，水灾、地震、台风、海啸和森林火灾日益频繁。

　　2．危害：造成数百万人死亡，破坏了大片的肥沃土地。

　　3．原因：让人震惊的是，许多自然灾害是由人类行为引起的，人类过多地砍伐森林树木、

　　严重污染环境，导致气候发生了巨大变化。

　　4．建议：地球是我们的家园，我们应该尽力保护它，使它成为适合于我们生活的好地方。

　　【写作要求】

　　1．只能使用5个句子表达全部内容；

　　2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

　　【评分标准】

　　句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。

　　【参考范文】基础写作 (One possible version)

　　On 9th, March, we had a heated discussion on natural disasters in our class meeting, with the whole class and our head teacher taking part in. From the discussion, we realize that in the last decade, floods, earthquakes, typhoons, tsunamis and forest fires have become common things, resulting in millions of deaths and severe destruction of rich lands. What shocks us is that it is human behaviors that have brought along many of these natural disasters. Climates have greatly changed because people cut down too many trees in the forests and the environment has been badly polluted. Therefore, it is high time for us to protect the earth to make it a lovely place that is suitable to live in.

　　【深圳市2017高考英语综合能力测试题（6）】读写任务（共l小题，满分25分）

　　阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

　　Last month, the Ministry of Education asked all schools to get their students to take part in an online "Blessing the Motherland" program during the Spring Festival. But, surprisingly, some netizens (网民) have questioned, even criticized the proposal.

　　Economic globalization has brought about cultural diversity in China. As a result, many young people prefer to celebrate Christmas, Valentine's Day and other Western festivals rather than celebrate traditional Chinese festivals such as the Dragon Boat Festival. It is important to teach the importance of Chinese culture to such people if we don't want the traditional festivals to become history.

　　By chance, the lunar New Year starts on Feb 14, which was celebrated as Valentine's Day only in the West a few years ago, but now is a sort of craze among youths in China's cities. That's why the "Blessing the Motherland" is important; it is aimed at making students attach more importance to Spring Festival and traditional Chinese culture. So it is necessary for China to strengthen the influence of its traditional culture and enhance Chinese people's sense of identit3r and national pride.

　　【写作内容】

　　1．以约30个词概括短文要点；

　　2．以约120个词谈谈你对“重视传统节日”的看法，内容包括：

　　(1)你的读后感想；

　　(2)阐述忽视传统节日引发的后果；

　　(3)对待中国和西方节日你的建议。

　　【写作要求】

　　1．在作文中可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；

　　2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

　　【评分标准】

　　概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。

　　___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　【参考范文】读写任务(One possible version)

　　Proposed by the government, the “Blessing the Motherland” program has come under question and criticism. Many youths prefer Western festivals to traditional Chinese ones, so it’s time for us to improve Chinese people’s sense of identity and national pride.

　　　I was greatly touched by the passage. We, being Chinese, should regard it as an honor to promote traditional Chinese culture and values by celebrating the traditional festivals, I think.

　　　As we know, festivals are a vital part of a nation’s cultural heritage. If we ignore our traditional festivals, there is no doubt that we think little of our traditional Chinese culture. If so, we are sure to be looked down on by foreigners, because they will never respect the people who are short of traditional culture and national pride!

　　　To summarize, when celebrating different festivals, we should not forget our country’s traditional festivals, and we cannot completely refuse the Western festivals either. Meanwhile, we should absorb what is good and reject what is bad for mutual cultural exchange.