黄石市2016高考英语一轮阅读理解和书面表达选练（3）及答案

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Humpback whales

　　Humpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean. This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive. The name “humpback”, which is the common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whale?s back forms as it dives.

　　Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement known as a breach. During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body not of the water in a giant leap. A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach.

　　A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of head. It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water.

　　The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the body length, and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes. These markings are like fingerprints:　no two are the same.

　　Humpback whales live in large groups. They communicate with each other through complex “songs”. Quick Facts

　　Size: 14m—18m in length;

　　30—50 tons in weight

　　Living

　　environment: Open ocean and shallow coastline waters

　　Migration: From warm tropical(热带的)waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eat

　　Diet: Shellfish, plants and fish of small size

　　Hunting: Sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a “net” around a school of fish. The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.

　　Current

　　state: Endangered:　it is estimated that there are about 5000—7500 humpback whales worldwide.

　　1. According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale　.　

　　A. cannot survive in waters near the shore

　　B. doesn’t live in the same waters all the time

　　C. lives mainly on underwater plants

　　D. prefers to work alone when hunting food

　　2. To make a breach, a humpback whale must　.　

　　A. use its tail flukes to leap out of the water

　　B. twist its body sideways to jump high

　　C. blow two streams of water

　　D. communicate with a group of humpbacks

　　3. From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale　.　

　　A. has its unique markings on its tail flukes

　　B. has black and white fingerprints

　　C. gets its name from the way it hunts

　　D. is a great performer due to its songs

　　【参考答案】1-3 BAA

　　阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　(2017·乌鲁木齐三诊，B)

　　Nowadays, it seems that everybody wants to be a leader. Countless books about how to manage a company or influence others fill bookstores. But one needn't be a CEO or Politician to be a leader. Former U. S. President John Adams said, “If your action inspires others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader.”

　　The key to becoming such a leader lies in character. People follow only those whom they respect, trust and admire. What attractive traits does such a leader have? Below are five of the most important.

　　Leaders have courage

　　The New York firefighters who ran into the burning World Trade Tower to rescue others are modernday models of courage. Yet even more than physical courage, the everyday demands of modern life require moral courage. Insisting on doing the right thing despite pressure to act otherwise takes such courage.

　　Leaders must face fear and doubt in many of the decisions they make. Having these feelings doesn't mean one isn't courageous. After all, courage is not the absence of fear. Rather, it's doing the right thing despite one's fears.

　　Leaders are humble

　　Being humble simply means having an accurate view of one's own limitations. Everybody has limitations. Leaders deal with theirs by seeking help from others.

　　When leaders seek help, they recognize the skills that order other people bring to the table. And when they are successful, leaders generously praise all who contributed to the success. Humble leaders don't promote themselves; they promote others.

　　Learning is a lifelong goal, no matter one's position. Humble leaders are never too proud to

　　learn from all sources of knowledge—even those under them.

　　Leaders serve others

　　Just Christ said，“If anyone wants to be first, he must be the very last, and the servant of all.” Leaders serve others and put the needs of others before themselves. They make the good of everyone on the team a personal priority.

　　Leaders who serve others help the whole team accomplish more. Leaders do things to make sure everybody has the resources needed. They go the extra mile to help out during a busy rush. When leaders serve, followers are also encouraged to serve each other.

　　Leaders have passion

　　Money or success can motivate someone to show up for an activity. But what motivates one to really put his heart into something? The answer is passion—the feeling that the activity is significant.

　　Outstanding leaders inspire others because they are motivated by passion for what they do. Leaders show the significance of routine work to others by emphasizing the big picture. They demonstrate how an activity not only benefits the individual, but also one's family, community and entire society. Their passion ignites the passion of others.

　　Leaders have integrity

　　One's integrity can be measured by what one does when nobody is looking. Leaders practice what they preach all the time, not just in the presence of others. Leaders also set the example for integrity. If a leader values being punctual, he arrives early.

　　Leadership is more about who you are than what you know or can do. By following these principles, you can become a better person. And that in turn will make you a better leader.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了领导者的特征和品质，要做一名领导者不一定要做CEO或政客，如果你的行为能激励他人，让他人学到更多，做得更多，成就更多，你就是一名领导者。

　　5．Which should be the very beginning of the text?

　　A．Strong and effective leadership might have made the team more successful.

　　B．Leadership is the position of being the leader.

　　C．Leadership is not just about what you know or do—it's also about who you are!

　　D．Leadership refers to the set of characteristics.

　　答案：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Leadership is more about who you are than what you know or can do.”可知，本文主要讲述领导并不是关于他们所懂的和所做的，而是关于他们个人的品格特征等，首段通常与尾段相呼应，故C项正确。

　　6．What does the underlined word “traits” probably mean?

　　A．A strong point that one who serves in a special field should be skilled in.

　　B．A particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behavior.

　　C．A physical or mental power that is needed to do something.

　　D．A clear purpose that a good leader should work with.

　　答案：B　词义猜测题。根据该句中的“such a leader have”以及下文所介绍的领导者的五个重要的品格特征可知，traits意为“人的个性特点”，故B项正确。

　　7．This action “If a leader wants everyone to work hard, he works harder.” belongs to ________.

　　A．Leaders are humble

　　B．Leaders serve others

　　C．Leaders have passion

　　D．Leaders have integrity

　　答案：D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第三句“Leaders also set the example for integrity.”可知，领导者往往起到榜样的作用，由此可推出，“领导者想要他人努力工作，他也努力工作”能体现出Leaders have integrity这个品质。故D项正确。

　　8．What could be the best title for the text?

　　A．A Leader's Character

　　B．A Leader for an Organization

　　C．The Abilities of a Leader

　　D．The Responsibilities of a Leader

　　答案：A　标题概括题。根据第二段最后两句“What attractive traits does such a leader have? Below are five of the most important.”以及最后一段第一句“Leadership is more about who you are than what you know or can do.”可知，本文主要讲述了领导者的品质。故A项正确。

　　阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　(2017·西宁市质检一，C)

　　A year after graduation, I was offered a position teaching a writing class. Teaching was a

　　profession I had never seriously considered, though several of my stories had been published. I

　　accepted the job without hesitation, as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr.

　　Davis. My father went by the same name, and I liked to imagine people getting the two of us

　　confused. “Wait a minute，” someone might say，“are you talking about Mr. Davis the retired man,

　　or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar？”

　　The position was offered at the last minute, and I was given two weeks to prepare, a period

　　I spent searching for briefcase (公文包) and standing before my fulllength mirror, repeating the

　　words，“Hello, class.

　　I'm Mr. Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice.

　　Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in

　　and the true Mr. Davis was there.

　　I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a

　　12yearold boy.

　　I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves. I had cut

　　them myself out of orange construction paper. I saw nine students along a long table. I handed out the cards, and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets

　　as I required.

　　“All right then，” I said. “Okay, here we go.” Then I opened my briefcase and realized that I

　　had never thought beyond this moment. I had been thinking that the students would be the first to talk, offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of the day. I had imagined that I would sit at the edge of the desk, overlooking a forests of hands. Every student would yell. “Calm down, you'll all get your turn. One at a time, one at a time！”

　　A terrible silence ruled the room, and seeing no other opinions, I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。毕业一年后，作者得到了一份教授写作课程的工作。文章重点介绍了作者教学过程中难忘的第一堂课。

　　9．The author took the job to teach writing because ________.

　　A．he wanted to be respected

　　B．he had written some stories

　　C．he wanted to please his father

　　D．he had dreamed of being a teacher

　　答案：A　细节理解题。根据第一段第三至五句“... as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis... or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar？”可知，作者接受这份工作是希望得到别人的尊重。故A项正确。

　　10．What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 2?

　　A．He would be aggressive in his first class.

　　B．He was wellprepared for his first class.

　　C．He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.

　　D．He waited long for the arrival of his first class.

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there.”可知，等第一节课真正到来时，作者感到十分紧张。故C项正确。

　　11．Before he started his class, the author asked the students to ________.

　　A．write down their suggestions on the paper cards

　　B．cut maple leaves out of the construction paper

　　C．cut some cards out of the construction paper

　　D．write down their names on the paper cards

　　答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“... and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.”可知，D项正确。

　　【天津市蓟县二中2017高考英语模拟试题】写作（满分30分）

　　Michael是一名美国中学生，在学校里选修汉语。他利用暑假到中国进修，希望进一步了解中国文化。有一天，他看到下面有关成语的漫画，不大明白其中的意思。请你用英语把漫画所表达的故事和寓意写成一篇短文，向他解释。

　　注意：

　　1、词数：80—120

　　2、参考词汇：撞上bump into;锄头 hoe

　　【参考范文】写作（满分30分）

　　One possible version:

　　Once upon a time there was a farmer who worked hard in the fields every day.One day, while he was ploughing the fields, he heard a bumping sound. He saw a rabbit lying by the trunk. He picked it up and found that it was a fat rabbit. He thought to himself,"Since it is so easy to get a rabbit like that, why should I work so hard all daylong?'! He threw his hoe away and lay by the tree every day, dreaming for more rabbits to come. When he finally realized his foolishness and returned to his fields, he found that all his crops were dead. The story tells us that we should not wait for unexpected gains by trusting chance and luck. Or, we should not hope to get rewards without hard work.

　　一、评分原则

　　1．本题总分为30分，按5个档次给分。

　　2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。

　　3．词数少于120和多于150的，从总分中减去2分。

　　4．评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性及上下文的连贯性。

　　5．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。

　　6．如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。

　　二、内容要点

　　观点正确，态度积极向上，文体不限。

　　三、各档次的给分范围和要求

　　第一档：（21—25分）

　　很好地完成了试题规定的任务。

　　——对题中所提供的信息进行了恰当的描述，清楚地表达了自己的观点并进行了充分合理的论证。

　　——语法结构和词汇选用恰当、丰富。

　　——语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。

　　——有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。

　　第二档：（16—20分）

　　较好地完成了试题规定的任务。

　　——对题中所提供的信息进行了描述，表达了自己的观点并进行了论证。

　　——应用的语法结构和词汇能基本满足任务的要求。

　　——语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。

　　——应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。

　　第三档：（11—15分）

　　基本完成了试题规定的任务。

　　——能描述题目中的信息，表达了自己的观点并尝试进行论证。

　　——应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。

　　——有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。

　　——应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。

　　第四档；（6—10分）

　　未恰当完成试题规定的任务。

　　——能涉及到题目所提供的信息，体现了对问题的看法及其原因。

　　——语法结构单调，词汇知识有限。

　　——有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。

　　——较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。信息未能清楚地传达给读者。

　　第五档：（1—5分）

　　未完成试题规定的任务

　　——很少涉及题目中所提供的信息，个人观点表达不清，而且没有阐述原因。

　　——语法结构单调，词汇项目有限。

　　——较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。

　　——缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。

　　0分

　　信息未能传达给读者。

　　未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；所写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法辨认。