2016重庆万州市高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（5）及答案

　　【2017高考复习】阅读理解

　　In an ideal world，people would not test medicines on animals.Such experiments are stressful and sometimes painful for animals，and expensive and time­consuming for people.Yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge vast gaps in medical knowledge.That is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.

　　Europe，on the whole，has the world’s most restrictive laws on animal experiments.Even so，its scientists use some 12 million animals a year，most of them mice and rats，for medical research.Official statistics show that just 1.1 million animals are used in research in America each year.But that is misleading.The American authorities do not think mice and rats are worth counting and，as these are the most common laboratory animals，the true figure is much higher.Japan and China have even less comprehensive data than America.

　　Now Europe is reforming the rules governing animal experiments by restricting the number of animals used in labs.Alternatives to animal testing，such as using human tissue or computer models，are now strongly recommended.In addition，sharing all research results freely should help to reduce the number of animals for scientific use.At present，scientists often share only the results of successful experiments.If their findings do not fit the hypothesis being tested，the work never sees the light of day.This practice means wasting time，money，and animals’ lives in endlessly repeating the failed experiments.

　　Animal experimentation has taught humanity a great deal and saved countless lives.It needs to continue，even if that means animals sometimes suffer.Europe’s new measures should eventually both reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in which scientific research is conducted.

　　【语篇解读　用动物进行试验被人们的舆论推向了风口浪尖，然而，受诸多因素的影响，终止动物试验的道路依然任重而道远。尽管欧洲有严格的法律限制，但是仍然需要另找突破口。

　　1．What is the main idea of this passage?

　　A．The success of animal experiments should be ensured.

　　B．A ban on the use of animals in the lab should be enforced.

　　C．Greater efforts need to be taken to reduce the number of lab animals.

　　D．Scientists should be required to share their research results with each other.

　　解析　主旨大意题。文章第一段指出用动物进行试验难以杜绝的原因，第二段提到欧洲对动物试验的法律限制的效果并不理想，第三段讲了欧洲为限制动物试验所作的努力，最后一段提到欧洲的新措施应该既要减少用于试验的动物的数量，又要改善科学研究的方法，所以C项最能概括文章大意。

　　答案　C

　　2．Which of the following statements is true about animals used in the lab?

　　A．America uses only about 1.1 million lab animals per year.

　　B．Europe does not use mice and rats as lab animals at all.

　　C．Britain does not use as many lab animals as China does.

　　D．Japan has limited data on the number of lab animals used each year.

　　解析　正误判断题。第二段的最后一句提到日本和中国与美国的数据相比甚至更不全面，由此可推知日本对每年用于实验室动物的数据记录有限。

　　答案　D

　　3．Which of the following is mentionad as an alternative to replace animal experiments?

　　A．Statistical studies.

　　B．Computer models.

　　C．DNA planted in animals.

　　D．Tissue from dead animals.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的内容可知可用“人体组织”和“电脑模型”来取代动物试验。

　　答案　B

　　4．What usually happens to unsuccessful animal experiments?

　　A．They are not revealed to the public.

　　B．They are made into teaching materials.

　　C．They are collected for future publication.

　　D．They are not removed from the research topic list.

　　解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的倒数第二、第三句可知，科学家们只分享成功的试验，如果结果与假设不符，所做的工作将永不公开。由此可推断不成功的试验不会展示给公众。

　　答案　A

　　I received a call today asking if I would be willing to bring food to a family in need. The mother was having a major operation and would be lying down for several weeks. Of course, I responded with an immediate “Yes！”. As I planned the meal in my head, I reflected on how many times over the years I had been asked to prepare food. I have done so countless times with a very open heart.

　　But the truly amazing thing is that I have received double over the course of my life. When my mother passed away, our house was filled with fresh dinners for weeks. A woman from the church of our community stopped by each evening with some food. The gift of food was her small way of trying to ease our pain.

　　Later in my life, when I was on bed rest during my pregnancy with twins, women of the church again stepped in to help. They arranged babysitting for my two­year­old daughter, and brought lovely dinners to our house. Even when I was put in the hospital, my husband would bring cooked meals to my hospital room. How we relied on these dinners to feed my tired husband and young daughter.

　　Food is all about comfort. It feeds our bodies, but it can also feed our souls. When you hear people talking about their favourite holidays, it usually includes their feelings connected with sharing food. I know that I will have many more opportunities in my lifetime to prepare food for others. It is truly a gift I want to prepare and deliver to someone in need.

　　1. The author has given lots of food to others because________．

　　A. she is poor at cooking

　　B．she is a church member

　　C．she is friendly to others

　　D．she has received others' food

　　2. We can learn from the first paragraph that the author________．

　　A. had to stay in bed for several weeks

　　B．knew the family in need very well

　　C．was glad to be able to lend a hand

　　D．was tired of preparing food

　　3. Which of the following is TRUE about the author?

　　A. Her mother died when she was in hospital.

　　B. She didn't get enough food during her pregnancy.

　　C．She received food as well as comfort in her hard times.

　　D．She thinks offering food is the best way to show love.

　　4. What do we know about the author's family?

　　A. Her family is too poor to buy enough food.

　　B. Her family lives not far from a church.

　　C. Her husband is not good at cooking.

　　D．She has a babysitter taking care of her twins.

　　5. According to the passage, which of the following conclusions can we get?

　　A. A good beginning makes a good ending.

　　B．One good turn deserves another.

　　C．Actions speak louder than words.

　　D．Every man has his faults.

　　【语篇导读】 作者的母亲过世的时候，社区教堂中的女人给她带过食物；作者怀孕的时候，社区教堂中的女人也同样给她带过食物，并帮她照顾她两岁的女儿。因此，今天有人需要帮助的时候，作者也非常愿意伸出援手。

　　1. D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“But the truly amazing thing is that I have received double over the course of my life.” 可知，作者乐于赠送食物给别人是因为她自己也曾经收到他们的许多馈赠，故选D项。

　　2. C　推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“Of course, I responded with an immediate ‘Yes！.’”可推断作者非常高兴能帮助别人，故选C项。

　　3. C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“When my mother passed away, our house was filled with fresh dinners for weeks.”和第三段第一、二句“Later in my life, when I was on bed rest during my pregnancy with twins, women of the church again stepped in to help. They arranged babysitting for my two­year­old daughter, and brought lovely dinners to our house.”可知作者在她自己有困难的时候接受过他人的食物与照顾，由此判断选C项。

　　4. B　推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“A woman from the church of our community stopped by each evening with some food.”可知教堂在作者生活的社区里面，即离她家不远，故选B项。

　　5. B　推理判断题。通过上下文可知，作者在自己困难的时候接受过别人的帮助，故如今她也非常乐意帮助别人，由此可得出这么一个结论：善有善报。故选B项。

　　（二）

　　[2017·湖南师大附中检测]

　　While you may be doing everything right, ignoring just one or two steps in the process may keep you from getting a job, especially in this fierce market. Here is a checklist that covers some of the major links in the job­search chain.

　　THE RESUME—Make sure it is up­to­date and tailored to the types of jobs you are seeking for. Have someone else look at your resume. If you cannot afford a career coach, give your resume to friends or family members to scrutinize. Have copies of your resume printed so that you are ready to hand them out at interview.

　　COVERING LETTERS—Maybe you've set up a few basic styles in advance, but that's not enough. Each covering letter should be designed to suit the job for which you are applying.

　　THE WARDROBE(衣橱)—Check your wardrobe to ensure that you have the appropriate professional dress, including shoes, ready for interviews.

　　NETWORKING—Don't isolate yourself from others for days. Network through e­mail messages, phone calls, appointments and meetings keep you in touch with the outside world and prevent you from becoming depressed.

　　APPLICATION—A glance at huge online job sites isn't usually the best way to find a job. You are more likely to succeed through the people you know via networking.

　　THE FOLLOW­UP—It is quite common to apply for a job but never hear back from the company. Take measures, such as following up with a phone call a week or so after you apply. If you know someone at the company, check whether that person will put in a good word for you.

　　INTERVIEWS—If you've got plenty of interviews but no return calls or job offers, take a look at your interviewing skills. This is one area where investing in a career coach may pay off. But if you can't afford one, try to find a job group or service that conducts free mock(模拟) interviews.

　　SUPPORT SYSTEMS—Finally, recognize that looking for a job is rather difficult. Even at the best of times, a job hunt is often about rejection, and that can be hard to endure. Staying in touch with families, friends, professional networks and fellow job seekers can help you to maintain a positive attitude and a sense of perspective.

　　6. The author's purpose of writing this text is to________.

　　A．suggest graduates should find suitable jobs

　　B．tell people how to improve their interviewing skills

　　C．teach people how to get ready for an interview

　　D．give people some tips on searching for jobs

　　7．The underlined word “scrutinize” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by ________．

　　A．check

　　B．use

　　C．rewrite

　　D．criticize

　　8. Which of the following methods is wrong according to the text?

　　A．You should have your resume read by your friends after finishing it.

　　B．You should create different covering letters for the different jobs you apply for.

　　C．Searching online is the most effective way to look for a job.

　　D．You should wear professional clothes and shoes for the interview.

　　9. What should you do if you don't receive any calls after lots of interviews?

　　A．Ask a fellow job seeker to help you.

　　B．Carefully review your interviewing skills.

　　C．Rewrite your resume as soon as possible.

　　D．Go to the managers' offices to find out why.

　　10. It is implied in the text that________．

　　A．people often pay no attention to writing their resume

　　B．the interview is the most difficult step for interviewees

　　C．your social network may help you a lot in your job hunt

　　D．a career coach often offers free mock interviews to interviewees

　　6. D　推理判断题。从第一段可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是让读者了解求职过程中要注意的一些细节问题。故选D项。

　　7. A　词义猜测题。根据第二段“Have someone else look at your resume.”可知“让其他人看一下你的简历。如果聘不起职业导师的话，可以让朋友或家人检查一下”，由此可以推出scrutinize的意思是“检查”，故选A项。

　　8. C　细节理解题。从文章第六段“A glance at huge online job sites isn't usually the best way to find a job.”可知选C项。

　　9. B　细节理解题。从作者在倒数第二项提的建议可知，如果经过多次面试，但却没有得到公司的回复，那面试者一定要重新审视自己面试过程中的一些技巧问题。故选B项。

　　10. C　推理判断题。文章第六段隐含着这样一个信息：面试者要多参加社交活动，建立关系网，从而通过朋友更快地找到工作。

　　阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Houses fall down. Trees fall over. Large holes form in the ground. Could Alaska be sinking?　That’s what some villagers in Alaska have been asking themselves recently and scientists think they know why. Warmer temperatures may be causing Alaska’s frozen ground to thaw (解冻).

　　About 85 percent of Alaska’s land surface has permafrost (永久冻结带). Permafrost supports the ground above it—including trees, houses, and roads. But why is the permafrost thawing?

　　Some scientists say that human-caused pollution is leading to global warming. And most scientists agree that Alaska has been getting warmer. They say that the warmer temperature is causing permafrost to thaw in some areas. The thawing permafrost can cause problems for people, plants, and animals.

　　The collapsing (倒塌)is a problem in the villages in Alaska which are built on permafrost, and some of them may have to move to safer ground, where there is no permafrost.

　　The Alaskan town of Glennallen saw its old post office collapse. And, according to James Walters, a permafrost expert at the University of Northern Iowa, house-moving companies have been very busy.

　　“Melting permafrost can also destroy trees and forests,”Walters said. “When holes in the ground form, trees fall into them and die. This could turn a forest into a swamp (沼泽), and animals which need the forests will have to move elsewhere.”

　　“The melting could cause severe problems.”Walters says, “This could take hundreds of years, but in the end Alaska will look quite different from what it looks like now.”

　　1. Which of the following can be used as the best title of the passage?

　　A. Alaska—A Frozen Land

　　B. Is Alaska Sinking?

　　C. Pollution and Global Warming

　　D. Alaska Is Polluted

　　2. The main reason why permafrost is thawing is that ______.　

　　A. the temperature in Alaska is rising

　　B. people in Alaska don’t take care of permafrost

　　C. too many houses are built on permafrost

　　D. people in Alaska polluted permafrost

　　3. The following are the results of melting permafrost EXCEPT ______.　

　　A. holes form in the ground

　　B. a forest will be turned into a swamp

　　C. some animals have to go elsewhere

　　D. more water will be needed by people and animals

　　4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A. When permafrost melts, houses will fall down.

　　B. House-moving companies are busy because their houses are in danger.

　　C. To stop permafrost melting is a very difficult problem.

　　D. Most of Alaska’s land surface has permafrost.

　　【参考答案】1—4、BADB