2017届高考英语复习冲刺阶段经典讲义系列突破阅读理解及书面表达 (6)

　　美文赏析

　　Not long ago，self­driving cars seemed like science fiction①.But Google is now operating so­called autonomous② cars in California and Nevada.

　　But one question is getting little attention：should self­driving cars be legal？And if they are，how will the laws of driving have to adapt？At present all our rules about driving are based on having a human behind the wheel③.

　　Car crashes are a leading cause of death for Americans ages 4 to 34.Supporters_believe_that_self­driving_cars_can_make_driving_safer_by_eliminating_distracted(注意力分散的)driving_and_other_human_mistakes.Google's self­

　　driving cars have cameras on the top to look around them and computers to do the driving.In the first 300,000 miles，Google reported that its cars had not had a single acci­dent.

　　As self­driving cars become more common，there will be many new legal questions.If a self­driving car gets into an accident，the human who is“co­piloting(副驾驶)”may not be fully at fault—he may even be an injured party.Who should be responsible for the traffic accident？The human in the self­driving car or the car's manufacturer？New laws will have to be written to sort all this out.

　　How involved are we going to expect the human co­pilot to be？Must the“drivers”remain vigilant④，their hands on the wheel and their eyes on the road？If not，what are they allowed to do inside or outside the car？Can the human in the car drink？Text­message？Read a book?

　　At the signing ceremony for California's self­driving­car law，Governor Jerry Brown was asked who is responsible when a self­driving car runs a red light.He answered：“I don't know—whoever owns the car，I would think.”But we will work that out.That will be the easiest thing to work out.Google's Brin joked，“Self­driving cars don't run red lights.”

　　Neither answer is sufficient⑤.Should self­driving cars be legal，they were likely to start showing up faster and in greater numbers than people expect.But if that is the case，we need to start thinking about the legal questions now.

　　【解题导语】　本文为议论文。最近美国的加利福尼亚州和内华达州通过立法，允许无人驾驶汽车在这两个州行驶。作者认为在无人驾驶汽车普及之前，我们应该修改交通法规。

　　一、阅读与积累

　　1．攻克疑难词汇

　　①science fiction科幻小说

　　②autonomous adj.　有自立能力的，自主的

　　③behind the wheel　在驾驶(汽车等)

　　④vigilant adj.　警惕的，警醒的

　　Please remain vigilant at all times and report anything suspicious.请随时保持警惕，遇到可疑情况随时报告。

　　⑤sufficient adj.　足够的，充分的

　　We can trust him if there is sufficient evidence.

　　如果有足够的证据，我们会相信他。

　　2．攻克疑难句

　　Should self­driving cars be legal，they were likely to start showing up faster and in greater numbers than people expect.

　　结构分析　本句为主从复合句。主句是they were likely to start showing up faster and in greater numbers。Should self­driving cars be legal相当于If self­driving cars should be legal，是一个虚拟条件状语从句。than引导一个比较状语从句。

　　尝试翻译　如果无人驾驶汽车合法的话，它们可能会比人们预料的更快更猛地增长。

　　二、理解与书面表达

　　1．理解文章主旨

　　The passage mainly tells us something_about_self­driving_cars.

　　2．理解与书面表达

　　文中画线的句子是属于名词性从句中的________从句。

　　答案　宾语

　　3．精通句式：名词性从句

　　(1)说明：名词性从句是重要的语法项目之一，也是写作中常用的高级表达之一。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

　　(2)例句感悟：

　　①That you didn't know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure to report.

　　②—You know I gave up the job as a waiter and went to that little company.

　　—That's where you've made a mistake.That company isn't well managed.

　　③The question was put forward at the meeting whether

　　we had enough money for our research.

　　④It doesn't matter whether he comes to my party or not.

　　(3)用名词性从句翻译下列句子

　　①大家都知道Andy是位有名的作家。没有人知道她来自何处。她是否出生于1961年仍然是个谜。

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　②大家对她了解的是穷人都喜欢她，因为她总是帮助那些急需钱的人。

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　③Andy很慷慨而且乐于助人但有些人认为她想出名。

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　④Andy说她不明白为什么他们那么心胸狭窄，但别人怎么想对她无所谓，她想做自己认为正确的事的想法 不会改变。

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　⑤我认为那就是生命意义之所在。

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　答案　①Everyone knew that Andy was a famous writer.No one knew where she came from.Whether she was born in 1961 was still a mystery.

　　②What they did know was that she was loved by poor people because she always helped whoever was in need of money.

　　③Andy was generous and

　　helpful，but some people thought she was chasing fame.

　　④Andy said she didn't understand why they were so narrow­minded，but it doesn't matter what others would think of her.The thought that she just wanted to do what she

　　thought was right would never change.

　　⑤I think that is where the meaning of life lies.

　　(4)加入适当的连词或句子将上面五句话改写成一篇优秀的小短文。

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　【参考范文】

　　Everyone knew that Andy was a famous writer, but no one knew where she came from and whether she was born in 1961 was still a

　　mystery.What they did know was that she was loved by poor people because she always helped

　　whoever was in need of money.Andy was generous and helpful，but some people thought she was chasing fame.Andy said she didn't understand why they were so narrow­minded，but it didn't matter what others would think of her.She just wanted to do what she thought was right.

　　In my opinion，I think that is where the meaning of life lies.