2017届高考英语二轮语法专题课件：专题8 动词的时态与语态

　　考点透析 知识清单 考点警示 动词的时态、语态是语法填空中必考内容之一，动词的各种时态形式都可能考到，不过最常考的是一般现在时态，一般过去时态，现在进行时态，以及一般将来时态，现在完成时态，同时还常与非谓语动词一起考查，做语法填空题时，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、语气(陈述语气还是虚拟语气)、主谓一致四个方面。 其次，在确定谓语动词的时态时，我们可从三个方面来进行判断： 1．看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。 2．在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时，要看上下文的谓语动词的形式。 3．看是否是特殊句型等。

　　例如：(2017·广东)Suddenly，he 16.found (find) that he had run out of salt.此题考查时态，因为是讲述的过去的故事，故应用过去时态。另外，在写作中要根据文章内容，恰当地使用各种时态，会使文章更鲜明、生动，更能体现一个考生的英语运用功底。　

　　动词时态 用　法 典句例示 一般现在时do/does ①现在的状态 ②经常性或习惯性 ③客观真理 ④状语从句中 ①We always care for each other and help each other. ②We have 3 classes a day. ③The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west. ④We will not go to the park if it rains tomorrow. 一般过去时did ①过去的动作或状态 ②过去经常性或习惯性动作 ③在状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来时态 ①We had a test yesterday. ②We often played together when we were children. ③He told me he read an interesting novel last night. ④She told me that she would come to see me when she visited China again. 动词 时态 用　法 典句例示 一将将来时(将来发生的事情) will/shall do ①表示将来的动作或状态 ②表示一种趋向或习惯动作 ③表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。 ④will在含有条件、时间状语从句的主句中表意愿。 ①I shall go to swim tomorrow if it is fine. ②We will die without air or water. ③My grandmother will be 90 years old next year. ④She'll tell you if you ask her. be going to do ①表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备； ②表将来，不能用在含有条件、时间状语从句的主句中。 ①I'm going to stay at home tomorrow. ②The little boy is going to learn how to play football. be to do 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、职责、可能性等。 ①A meeting is to be held at 3 o'clock this afternoon. ②You are to report to the police.你应该报警的。(公务安排、义务、禁止) be about to do 表示“即刻，就要”，一般不跟时间状语或状语从句连用。 ①Autumn harvest is about to start. ②He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。 过去将来时 ①用would do，was/were going to do sth表过去将来。 ②was/were to do sth和was/were about to do sth.表过去将来。 ③常用于宾语从句和间接引语中，表示过去将要发生的行为或存在的状态 ①I knew you would agree ②He said he was going to come with us. ③He said the meeting was to be held the next week. ④I was about to leave when he came in. ⑤He said he would wait until they came back. 现在进行时be＋doing ①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作。 ②表近期特定的安排或计划。 ③表示趋向行为的动词，如come，go，start，begin leave等可用进行时的形式代替将来时。 ④与always等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气。 ①He is teaching English and learning Chinese. ②I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight. ③The National Day is coming. ④He is always helping others. 过去进行时was/were＋doing ①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生的动作。②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生。 ①It was raining when they left the station. ②When I got to the top of the mountain，the sun was shining. 现在完成时 have/has＋done ①表示过去的动作对现在的影响。②表示某一动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，也可能继续持续下去。③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。 ①He has gone to Shanghai.

　　②I have learnt English for three years.

　　③Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 过去完成时had＋done ①表示过去的过去。②表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended等或者hoped/planned...＋to have done。③过去完成时用于一些固定句型中。 ①When Jack arrived，Mary had been away for almost an hour.

　　②I had hoped to send him a Christmas card，but I forgot to do so. ③I had hardly got home when it began to rain. ④That was the first time that he had visited Australia. 现在完成进行时have/has＋been＋doing ①用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下去)的动作。②多与all the time，this week，all night等时间状语，以及for和since引导的短语从句连用。 ①They have been living here for three years. ②He has been doing the maths problems since 8：00. 被动语态 各种时形式下的构成 用　法 典句例示 被 动 语态 一般现在时am/is/are done：一般过去时was/were done： 现在进行时am/is/are being done： 过去进行时was/were being done： 现在完成时have/has been done： 过去完成时had been done： 一般将来时will be done： 含情态动词can/may/must be done： ①不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者②强调动作的承受者 ③动作的执行者有较长的修饰语 ④出于礼貌，不愿说出动作的执行者 ①Rice is grown in South China. ②The glass was broken yesterday. ③The project is being carried out. ④This road was being built this time last year. ⑤This novel has been translated into 3 languages. ⑥When I got to the theatre，I found the tickets had already been sold out. ⑦The cars will be sent abroad by sea. ⑧Oil can be turned into energy by burning it. 1．下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时：

　　(1)表示心理状态、情感的动词，如like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，need等。

　　(2)表“存在”的状态的动词，如appear，exist，lie，remain，seem等。

　　(3)表示一时性、非延续性动作的动词，如allow，accept，permit等。

　　(4)表示感官的动词，如see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。 2．always，often等频度副词与进行时连用表示经常反复的行为或表达某种感情色彩，如赞叹、不满、厌烦等。

　　如：The girl is always talking loud in public. 3．只有及物动词才有被动语态。但cost，have，own，lack，agree with，suffer from，belong to，consist of等及物动词或及物的短语动词也没有被动语态。 4．以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含义：

　　(1)系动词feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是事物。如：The material feels very soft.这种料子摸起来很柔软。 (2)write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook，open，close，lock等的否定式或与well，badly，easily等副词连用，主语由内在品质或性能使谓语得以实现或不能实现时。如：The book sells well.那本书很畅销。 (3)cook，bake，make，print，pack，work out等动词用于进行时态时。如：The fish is cooking.鱼正在煮。 考点透析 知识清单 考点警示