2017届高考英语二轮语法专题课件：专题7 虚拟语气

　　考点透析 知识清单 考点警示 谓语动词的考查是语法填空题中必考点之一，一旦判定设空处要填入谓语动词，就应考虑到该谓语动词的时态，语态，语气，主谓一致等，这就涉及到虚拟语气，在近年广东高考中有一个小题涉及虚拟语气： (2017广东)He walked in as if he ________(buy)the school.在主格人称代词he后，显然是作谓语；又因作为一个学生的他不可能是买下了这个学校，故应当用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填had bought。 虚拟语气有时在高考写作中也会用到。如2009年高考读写任务要点(2)“假如你处在那些动物的处境，你会有什么反应”，写这个要点时就需要用到虚拟语气。可以这样开头： If I were an animal in the wildlife park，I would feel annoyed when people keep photographing with me. 如果我是野生动物园的动物，当人们不停地同我拍照时，我会感到恼怒。　 一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 从句 主句 典句例示 与现在事实相反的假设 If＋主语＋动词的过去式(be动词用were) 主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形 If I were you，I would seize the chance to go abroad. 如果我是你，我就抓住这次出国的机会。 与过去事实相反的假设 If＋主语＋had＋过去分词 主语＋should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams. 如果你早听了我的建议，你考试就能通过了。 与将来事实相反的假设 1.If＋主语＋动词的过去式 2．If＋主语＋were to＋动词原形 3．If＋主语＋should＋动词原形 主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形 If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday. 如果明天他不来，我们就把会议推迟到下周一了。 二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 1．用于宾语从句中

　　(1)wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。

　　I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.

　　我希望我是只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。

　　I wish(that)I had met that film star yesterday.

　　我希望昨天见到那个影星了。

　　How I wish it weren't raining now!

　　我多希望现在没下雨啊！ (2)用于if only＋句子＝How I wish＋(that)从句。如： If only I were a flying bird！＝How I wish I were a flying bird! 我要是一只飞鸟该多好啊！ If only I had seen the film！＝How I wish I had seen the film! 我要是看了那部电影该多好啊！ (3)用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest， recommend，urge，propose，advise等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。如： He suggested that we(should)start off early the next day. 他建议我们第二天早点出发。 They insisted that the boy(should)go with them. 他们坚决主张那个男孩子跟他们一起去。 注意：当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，应使用陈述语气。如： The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱。 2．用于主语从句中

　　It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/

　　important/strange/natural/essential＋that从句，从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。如：

　　It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.

　　人们建议会议推迟到下周。

　　It is strange that he (should)have acted toward his parents like that.(act在主句谓语动词be之前发生，所以要用“(should)have acted”)

　　真奇怪他竟然那样对他父母。 3．用于表语从句和同位语从句中

　　在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。如：

　　My idea is that we(should)think it over before accepting it.

　　我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑。

　　We all agree to his suggestion that we (should)go to Dalian for sightseeing.

　　我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。 三、虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的从句中的运用

　　如果as if引导的从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词所表达的动作同时发生，as if引导的从句谓语动词用一般过去时；如果as if引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作先于主句谓语动词所表达的动作，as if引导的从句谓语动词用过去完成时；如果as if引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作后于主句谓语动词所表达的动作，as if引导的从句谓语动词用过去将来时。如：

　　He looks as if he were an artist.(同时)

　　他看起来像个艺术家。

　　She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.(先于)

　　她讲英语如此流利，好像她在美国学过英语。

　　He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA.(后于)他如此努力地学英语，好像他要去美国。 四、虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用

　　It is(high)time(that)．..句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，或用should＋动词原形(其中should不能省略)。此句型意为“(现在)该……了”，用来表示提议。如： It is(high)time that you went to school. 你该去上学了。 It is(high)time that we should start out. 我们该出发了。

　　使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点： 1．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。如：

　　If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now.

　　如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。

　　If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now.

　　如果你以前好好学习的话，你现在就是一名大学生了。 2．if省略句

　　在条件状语从句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。如：

　　If I were at school again，I would study harder.

　　→Were I at school again，I would study harder.

　　如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力地学习。

　　If you had come earlier，you would have caught the bus.

　　→Had you come earlier，you would have caught the bus.如果你来得早些，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去登山了。 注意：当省略的条件状语从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：我们可以说：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.但不能说：Weren't it for the expense，I would go abroad now. 3．含蓄条件句

　　有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件状语从句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：

　　What would you do with one million dollars(＝if you had one million dollars)?

　　如果你有100万美元，你会做什么？

　　Without your help，we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.

　　＝But for your help，...＝If it had not been for your help，...＝Had it not been for your help，...

　　没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。 I was ill that day.Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词) 我那天病了。否则，我就参加运动会了。 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or I would have known nothing about it.(连词) 他打电话通知了我你的生日，否则，我对此一点都不知道。 考点透析 知识清单 考点警示 　

　　(4)在would rather后的宾语从句中，也用虚拟语气，其结构为：

　　would rather sb＋

　　I would rather they didn't hear of the news.

　　我宁愿他们听不到那个消息。

　　I would rather/prefer I had not told him the bad news.

　　我宁愿没告诉他那个坏消息。