2017年高考英语二轮复习 定语从句（学案）

　　课题名称 定语从句

　　学习目标：

　　掌握定语从句的基本含义及各种关系词的用法

　　学习的重点难点： 对关系代词及关系副词的熟练掌握，

　　作定语从句题的方法的熟练运用

　　典型例题及解题分析:

　　1. The factory was built in a secret place， around ______ high mountains.

　　    A. which was   B. it was C. which were         D. them were

　　容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。

　　    「分析」最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was.请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：

　　    （1） Yesterday we visited a modern hospital， around _______ some fruit shops.

　　    A. which is      B. it is

　　C. which are         D. them are

　　    （2） The murder happened in an old building， beside ______ the city police station.

　　    A. which are     B. it is C. which is        D. them are

　　    2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked， “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand？”

　　    A. that       B. which C. where           D. what

　　    「陷阱」容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。

　　    「分析」最佳答案为C.以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤 3. _____ is known to everybody， the moon travels round the earth once every month.

　　    A. It             B. AsC. That          D. What

　　    「分析」最佳答案是 B.as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题：

　　    _______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

　　    A. It           B. As C. That                D. What

　　    此题答案选 A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。

　　    再比较下面一组题，其中第（1）题选 B，第（2）题选 D：

　　    （1） ______ is mentioned above， the number of the students in senior school is increasing.

　　    A. Which        B. As C. That           D. It

　　    （2） ______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.

　　    A. Which        B. As C. That       D. It

　　    4. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.

　　    A. that        B. who

　　C. as           D. whom

　　    「陷阱」此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。

　　「分析」最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … （如此……以至……）结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such … that …，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that.比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him： David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.

　　    A. that       B. who

　　C. as           D. whom

　　5. The buses， most of _______ were already full， were surrounded by an angry crowd.

　　    A. that           B. it   C. them             D. which    「分析」最佳答案是D.most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses.类似地，以下各题也选D：

　　    （1） His house， for _______ he paid $10， 000， is now worth $50， 000.

　　    A. that          B. itC. them       D. which

　　    （2）Her sons， both of ______ work abroad， will come back home this summer.

　　    A. that        B. who C. them        D. whom

　　7. He had a lot of friends， only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.

　　    A. whom           B. them C. which          D. who

　　「分析」最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A.. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park， _______ parents seated together joking.

　　    A. their        B. whose C. which            D. that

　　    「分析」最佳答案是A.与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：

　　. She says that she‘ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.

　　    A. which           B. when

　　C. how               D. where

　　    「分析」正确答案为A.在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词 spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或that.比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when：1. (09全国II) My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.

　　A. which

　　B. that

　　C. where

　　D. it

　　2. (09安徽)Many childrenparents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.

　　A. their

　　B. whose

　　C. of them

　　D. with whom

　　3. (09北京)–What do you think of teaching, Bob?

　　–I find it fun and challenging. It is a job you are doing something serious but interesting.

　　A. where

　　B. Which

　　C. When

　　D. that

　　4. (09福建)It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.

　　A. that

　　B. when

　　C. which

　　D. where

　　5. (09湖南)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.

　　A. which

　　B. of which

　　C. that

　　D. whose

　　6. (09江苏)Because of the financial crisis, days are gone local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.

　　A. if

　　B. when

　　C. which

　　D. since

　　7. (09辽宁)They’ve won their last three matches, I find a bit surprising actually.

　　A. that

　　B. when

　　C. what

　　D. which

　　8. (09全国I)She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.

　　A. them

　　B. who

　　C. whom

　　D. these

　　9. (09全国II) My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.

　　A. which

　　B. that

　　C. where

　　D. it

　　10. (09山东)Whenever I met her, was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.

　　A. who

　　B. which

　　C. when

　　D. that

　　11. (09陕西)Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time .

　　A. of which    

　　B. with which   

　　C. about which    

　　D. into which

　　12. (09上海)Mozart’s birthplace and the house he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now.

　　A. where

　　B. when

　　C. there

　　D. which

　　13. (09四川)She’ll never forget her stay there she found her son who had gone missing two years before.

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. where

　　D. when

　　14. (09天津)A person e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.

　　A. who

　　B. whom

　　C. whose

　　D. whoever

　　15. (09天津)I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.

　　A. as

　　B. which

　　C. when

　　D. though

　　16. (09浙江)I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own.

　　A. which

　　B. where

　　C. how

　　D. why

　　17. (09重庆)Life is like a long race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.

　　A. why

　　B. what

　　C. that

　　D. where