冠词不仅是高考单项填空题中常考的项目,而且在书面表达题中,学生更容易发生语感性和过失性错误,影响了文章的整体水平。冠词虽然只有三个a,an和the,但所使用的场合却纷繁复杂,学生记忆起来常常没有头绪。下面来了解冠词的复习要点。
关于冠词的基本用法和习惯用法,我们要记住这个口诀: 名词冠词不分家,泛指特指惯用法。
名词冠词不分家:冠词是虚词,不能单独使用,必须依附于名词才有存在的意义。而名词的可数与不可数,单数与复数等特点反过来也会影响冠词的使用。
泛指特指惯用法:泛指即不明确具体所指,是不定冠词a (an)和零冠词(即不使用冠词)的基本用法。而特指是指说话者和听话者都明确无误地知道所指,是定冠词the的基本用法。我们把那些没有规律的习惯搭配称为惯用法,它们需要单独记忆。
冠词的基本用法
名词
冠词单数可数名词
复数可数名词
不可数名词
泛指(a/an/零冠词)
A horse is a useful animal.
Horses are useful animals.
Money is not everything.
特指(the)
The horse was tired after a long journey.
The horses were tired after a long journey.
I bought him a present with the money I had saved.
注意:the与可数名词单数搭配有时可泛指,表类属。如:The horse is a useful animal.
在我们说话时,先明确我们要泛指还是特指我们所要谈的人或物,然后相应的选择合适的冠词。其他的基本都可归为惯用法,需要理解后记忆即可。如果掌握了这一规律,把复杂的问题简单化后,你会发现很多问题都可以迎刃而解。如:用在序数词,形容词最高级及形容词only, very, same等前面的the其实就是the的基本用法,即特指。请体会:That's the very thing I've been looking for.
那正是我要找的东西。如:
(1) [2010·四川卷] In __ most countries,a university degree can give you __ flying start in life.
A.the;a
B.the;/
C./;/
D./;a
【解析】 D 考查冠词词义辨析。第一空是泛指大多数国家,省略冠词;第二空也是泛指,start在这里作可数名词,意为“起始优势;良好的基础条件”。a start in life为习惯搭配,意为“有利于人生成功的优势”。句意:在大多数国家,一张大学文凭能为你快速发展奠定良好的基础。
(2) —I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over keyboard.
—You shouldn't put drinks near __ computer.
A.the;/
B.the;a
C.a;/
D.a;a
【解析】 B 考查冠词特指和泛指的用法。keyboard是对话双方都已知的事物,所以其前用the;而computer表示泛指,其前用a/the都可以。
(3) Some people fear that __ air pollution may bring about changes in __ weather around the world.
A./;the
B.the;/
C.an;the
D.the;a
【解析】 A air pollution 是抽象名词,这里是泛指,不用冠词;weather在这里特指全球的气候,因此用the。2. 冠词的习惯用法
很多情况下,是否要加冠词,常常是一个习惯用法问题,特别是在一些固定的词组中,有时是说不出道理的。如:
in town
in the city
在城里
have a cold
catch (a) cold
感冒了
at a distance
在一定距离外
in the distance 在远处
in danger of…有……的危险
in the habit of…有……的习惯
(1) [2010·辽宁卷] There are over 58000 rocky objects in __
space,about 900 of which could fall down onto __ earth.
A.the;the
B./;the
C.the;/
D.a;the
【解析】 B 考查冠词。第一空in space 是固定短语,不用冠词;第二空名词earth属于独一无二事物的名词,其前必须用定冠词。句意为:太空中有超过58000个岩状物体,其中大约900个有可能掉到地球上。
专题一 │ 正面解读
(2) Many people are still in __ habit of writing silly things in __
public places.
A.the;the
B./;/
C.the;/
D./;the
【解析】 C 第一空是固定搭配中冠词的使用:in the habit of;第二空考查冠词的基本用法,“在公共场所”是泛指,故不使用冠词。1. 不可数名词的具体化,包括抽象名词的具体化和物质名词的具体化。所谓抽象名词的具体化,是指冠词用在抽象名词之前,表示“一种”、“一类”或“一个具体情况”等概念,使本来抽象的名词具体化,具有了“一”的含义。
The house is full of joy.
The little girl is a joy to her parents. (令人高兴的人或物)Failure is the mother of success.
He is a success as an actor.
(一个成功的人或物)He gave me a lot of pleasure.
It is a pleasure to work with you. (一件令人愉快的事情)She looked up in surprise.
What a great surprise you gave me. (一件令人惊讶的事情)Knowledge is power.
He has a wide knowledge of animals.
(一门……的知识)He received little education.
He received a good education. (一种……的教育)
某些物质名词也可以和不定冠词连用,而变成具体化的名词。
I like coffee. Would you like a coffee? (一杯咖啡)
I have just had lunch. I have just had a big lunch. (一顿丰盛的午餐)2. 有些抽象化的个体名词前一般不用冠词。
by bus/ by train/ by plane
at school/ college/ university/ table/ work/ sea
in class/ town/ church/ prison/ hospital/ bed
go to hospital 去医院看病
go to the hospital 去医院(并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)
如:
Gorge couldn't remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was __ Sunday because everybody was at __ church.
A./;the
B.the;/
C.a;/
D./;a
【解析】 C 第一空是指某一个星期天,Sunday 在这里已变成一个普通的名词,所以要加a;第二空at church是指“在教堂做礼拜”,属于具体名词抽象化。
1. 不定冠词a/an
(1) 表示“同一”,相当于the same。如:
Birds of a feather flock together; people of a kind fall into the same group. 物以类聚,人以群分。
(2) 表示“每”,相当于per。如:
three times a day一天三次
(3) 表示“某一个”,相当于a certain或some。如:
Sorry, wrong number. There isn't a Mr. Smith here.
对不起,打错了。这里没有史密斯先生。
(4) 用在被修饰语限定的独一无二的东西前。如:
We all hope to have a peaceful and friendly world.
我们都希望拥有一个和平友好的世界。
(5) a+most 表示“非常,很”。如:
This is a most interesting story.
这是一个非常有趣的故事。
(6) a+序数词,表示“又一,再一”。如:
He had decided to give it up, but on second thoughts he decided to try a third time.
他已经决定放弃,但是转念一想,决定再试一次。
2. 定冠词the
(1) 用于发明物的单数名词前(phone,car…)。如:
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
贝尔于1876年发明了电话。
(2) 用于姓氏复数词前指一家人或夫妇二人等。如:
The Wangs will come to Beijing tomorrow.
王先生一家明天来北京。
(3) 用于表达弹奏西洋乐器时的乐器名称前。如:
She plays the violin but gives up lessons on the piano.
她拉小提琴而放弃了钢琴课程。
(4) 用于方位名词前。如:
on the right/left;in the east/south
(5) 用于比较级词前,比较级句式中常附有表示范围的“of the two…”结构。如:
Of the two boys, he is the cleverer.
两个男孩中,他是比较聪明的那一个。
要注意冠词的使用误区,即: 第一次说到不一定是泛指,第二次提到不一定就是特指。1. —Have you seen __ pen? I left it here this morning.
—Is it __ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A.a;the
B.the;the
C.the;a
D.a;a
【解析】 D 从语境看,两人之间有信息差,第二个人并不知道第一个人说的是哪只钢笔,即虽然好像是第二次提到,却并不是特指,故第二空仍用a表泛指。
2. Have you heard __ news?The price of __ petrol is going up again!
A.the; the
B./; the
C.the;/
D./; /
【解析】 C 句意为:你有没有听到这个消息:石油的价格又要上涨了。news 虽是第一次提到,但从语境看,说话者接着说明了消息的具体内容。因此此处的消息是特指,而非泛指某一消息。
1. A person who has __ final say in an international company is usually __ influential one.
A.a; the
B.the; an
C.the; the
D.a; an
【解析】 B say(发言权)后有介词短语修饰,表特指,所以要用定冠词,第二空表泛指,且influential以元音音素开头,故用an。
2. [2009·辽宁卷] This area experienced __ heaviest rainfall in __
month of May.
A./; a
B.a; the
C.the; the
D.the; a
【解析】 C 考查定冠词的基本用法。第一空指最大的降水量,形容词的最高级前用the;第二空指五月这个月,表特指用the,选C。
3. [2009·重庆卷] Washing machines made by China have won __ worldwide attention and Haier has become
__ popular name.
A.a; the
B./; a
C./; the
D.the; a
【解析】 B attention为不可数名词,并且表示泛指,所以不用冠词;第二空是指“海尔”变成了一个很受欢迎的名字,表示泛指,用a。
4.Students should be encouraged to use __ Internet as __
resource.
A./;a
B./;the
C.the; the
D.the; a
【解析】 D 考查冠词的用法。句意为:学生们应该被鼓励把网络作为一种资源来利用。Internet“因特网”,是独一无二的事物,习惯上与定冠词the连用;resource作“(教学)资源,办法”解是可数名词,其前加a表示泛指。
5. —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
—It is not your fault. With __ rush hour traffic and__ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.
A.a; a
B.the; the
C./; /
D./; a
【解析】 B 考查定冠词的用法。根据语境可知,rushhour traffic和heavy rain 是双方都知道的造成迟到的原因,应用定冠词修饰。
6.[2010·福建卷] It's __ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them __ pleasure.
A./; a
B.a; /
C.the; a
D.a; the
【解析】 B 句意为:去上海欣赏世博会带给人们快乐,这是一种非常好的感觉。feeling“感觉”,可数名词,“一种感觉”含有“一”的概念,用不定冠词a。pleasure“快乐,欢乐”,不可数名词,故用零冠词。
7. “This victory alone is not __ change we seek—it is only __ chance for us to make that change.” said Obama in his speech.
A.a; a
B.a; the
C.the; the
D.the; a
【解析】 C 依据句意可知,名词change被限制性定语从句we seek修饰限定,故用定冠词the表特指;chance被only修饰限定,表特指“唯一的一个”,用定冠词the;选C。
8. [2009·四川卷] In order to find __ better job, he decided to study __ second foreign language.
A.the; a
B.a; a
C.the; the
D.a; the
【解析】 B 考查冠词的用法。句意为:为了找到一份更好的工作,他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指;第二空用“a+序数词+名词”表示“又一,再一”。
9.[2010·北京卷] First impressions are the most lasting. After all,you never get __ second chance to make __ first impression.
A.a;the
B.the;the
C.a;a
D.the;a
【解析】 C 本题考查冠词。第一空表示“再一次,又一次”,序数词在此不表示顺序,其前用不定冠词a/an;第二空表示“一次第一印象”,表示泛指,用不定冠词a。
10.[2009·陕西卷] What __ pity that you couldn't be there to receive __ prize!
A.a; a
B.the; a
C.a; the
D.the; the
【解析】 C 考查冠词的用法。第一空所填冠词构成固定句型what a pity that…,用不定冠词a;第二空后的名词表特指,用定冠词the,选C。
11.[2010·江苏卷] The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that __ people from all walks of life are working hard for __ new Jiangsu.
A./; a
B./; the
C.the; a
D.the; the
【解析】 A people from all walks of life 是固定短语,表示“各行各业的人们”,表泛指,故用零冠词。Jiangsu被new修饰,且表示“一”的概念,故用不定冠词a。
12.As __ beautiful movie about pain,struggle,hope and love,Slumdog Millionaire swept the ceremony with eight awards,including __ prize for the best picture.
A.a; the
B.a; a
C.the; a
D.the; the
【解析】 A 考查冠词的用法。第一空处意为“Slumdog Millionaire (《贫民窟里的百万富翁》)是一部关于痛苦、挣扎、希望和爱的电影”,所以用不定冠词表泛指。prize后有for the best picture,所以第二空要用定冠词the,意思是“最佳影片奖”。
13.__ walk is expected to last all day, so bring __ packed lunch.
A.A; a
B.The; /
C.The; a
D.A;/
【解析】 C 本题考查冠词的基本用法。the walk 是指说话者双方都知道的一次行走,所以是特指。后面是提醒要带一份盒饭,所以用不定冠词a。
14.My neighbor asked me to go for __ walk, but I don't think I've got __ energy.
A.a; /
B.the; the
C./; the
D.a; the
【解析】 D 句意为:我的邻居请我出去散步,但我认为我没有那份精力。第一空为固定词组,go for a walk去散步,第二空特指散步的那份精力,选D。
15.Of all the subjects,I like __ history best because it gives us __ useful knowledge of things in the past.
A.the;a
B./;a
C.a;the
D.a;/
【解析】 B 表示课程的名词前不加冠词,故第一空不填冠词;第二空表示“……有用的知识”,knowledge为抽象名词具体化,其前需要加冠词,useful的发音为[′juːsful],故用不定冠词a。1.(2011·海淀区第一学期期中练习)Jack had ________feeling of excitement when hearing his article had been published in ________school magazine.
A.the;a
B.a;the
C./;the
D.the;/
解析: 考查冠词的用法。have a feeling of 为固定用法,意思是:有一种……的感觉;第二空表特指。句意为:听到自己的文章已经在校刊上发表,Jack有一种兴奋的感觉。
答案: B
2.(2011·杭州市教学质量检测)I got ________bad toothache yesterday,which kept me awake ________whole night.
A.a;the
B./;a
C.the;a
D.a;/
解析: 考查冠词。get a toothache 牙疼,是固定用法,而整个晚上(whole night)是特指昨天晚上,因此应该使用定冠词。我昨天晚上牙疼得厉害,整晚没睡。
答案: A
3.(2011·苏锡常镇四市教学调查)China is ________vast country which is home to________amazing variety of landscapes,plants and animals.
A.the;the
B.a;the
C.the;an
D.a;an
解析: 考查冠词的用法。第一空表示“中国是一个……样的国家”,是泛指的概念,因此填不定冠词;第二空是固定短语a variety of,只是在variety 前面加上了形容词amazing 修饰它。
答案: D
4.(2011·东北三省四市联考)—Anyone in mind for this position?What about Jack?
—He may be a good friend,but business is business.He is not________man for ________job.
A.a;a
B.the;the
C.a;the
D.the;a
解析: 考查冠词的用法。第一空是泛指的概念,因此用不定冠词;第二空是特指这份工作,用定冠词。
答案: C
5.(2011·湖南师大附中)We all hold________belief that those who have ________wonderful sense of humor are more popular.
A.the;a
B./;/
C.the;/
D.a;the
解析: 句意为:我们都认为那些有强烈幽默感的人更受欢迎。belief 后是同位语从句,第一空用the表特指;第二空a sense of homor (幽默感)为常用搭配。
答案: A
6.(2011·青岛市模拟)________World Expo is regarded as the Olympic Games of the economy,science and technology,________expert said.
A.A;an
B.The;an
C.The;a
D.A;the
解析: 第一空特指“世博会”,故用定冠词the;第二空泛指“一个专家”,expert 又是以元音音素开头,故用an。
答案: B
7.(2011·山东青岛一模)I was told that________10∶15 flight would take us to Shanghai in time to reach ________Fudan University.
A.the;/
B.the;a
C.a;the
D./;the
解析: 句意为:我被告知10∶15的航班将把我们送达上海,以便及时到达复旦大学。根据句意可知第一空表特指,故用定冠词;第二空后Fudan University 是以纯专有名词Fudan 开头的,要用零冠词。Fudan University 还可表达为“the university of Fudan”。
答案: A
8.(2011·河南郑州测试)The students were studying in ________classroom when,all of ________sudden,the lights went out.
A./;/
B.a;the
C.the;a
D.the;/
解析: 句意为:那些学生正在教室学习,这时突然灯灭了。根据题干中的the students 可知学生是特指的,由此可推知教室也应是特指的,故第一空用定冠词;all of a sudden 为固定习语,相当于suddenly。由此可见答案为C项。
答案: C
9.(2011·江西重点中学二模)My mother asked me to repeat________phone number ________second time so that she could write it down.
A.the;a
B.a;the
C.an;a
D.the;the
解析: 句意为:我母亲让我再次重复那个电话号码以便她能记下。根据句意可知,第一空后的phone number 表特指,故用定冠词;“a+序数词+名词”表示“又一,再一”之意,而“the+序数词+名词”表示次序。综上所述,本题答案为A项。
答案: A
10.(2011·潍坊市质量监测)Jack wanted to be________university student,but in________entrance examination he missed by a mile.
A.a;an
B.an;the
C.the;an
D.a;the
解析: 考查冠词。a university student 一名大学生,表泛指;the entrance examination 特指入学考试。
答案: D
11.(2011·济南期中考试)—Stay a bit longer,please.It’s been such________fun having you here.
—Thank you,but I’ve got________early start tomorrow morning.
A./;the
B.a;an
C./;an
D.the;an
解析: 考查冠词。此题中fun为不可数名词,前面不用冠词。an early start早起。句意为:——再呆一会儿吧,有你在这里太有趣了。——谢谢,但明天早上我还要早起呢。
答案: C
12.(2011·江西永修一中月考)—How many people are still leading________life under________poverty line in the world?
—Perhaps one fourth,according to the report.
A.the;/
B.a;the
C.a;a
D./;the
解析: lead a life为固定结构,故第一空填不定冠词a;第二空用the表示特指。
答案: B
13.(2011·桂林中学月考)His failure at________first attempt didn’t disappoint him.Instead,he gathered his courage and tried________second time.
A.the;the
B.the;a
C.a;the
D.a;a
解析: 考查冠词的用法。第一空序数词前要加定冠词the,此处指第一次尝试;a second time表示“又一次,再一次”,用不定冠词。
答案: B
14.(2011·临川一中月考)Everyone should learn from________Lei Feng and try to be________Lei Feng.
A./;a
B./;/
C.the;the
D./;the
解析: 考查冠词。第一空提到的雷锋是众所周知的人物,人名前用零冠词,而第二空是指雷锋式的人物,所以用不定冠词。
答案: A
15.(2011·湖南长沙一中第三次月考)Only when you stay and live with________local people for a period of time will you have________better understanding of life here.
A.a;/
B.the;a
C./;the
D.the;the
解析: 根据句中的here可知,这里的local people是特指的概念,因此前面加定冠词,由此排除A、C两项;此外,have a better understanding of sth.是固定用法,表示“对……有更好的了解”。
答案: B
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Bitter cold returns to snarl US
Director questions fine
Govt smoking ban applauded
Doctor gets death with reprieve for selling babies
Warmest New Year's Day in Beijing for six decades
Nationwide good Samaritan law needed
Male stewards a welcome sight for rail travelers
Telemarketing scams targeting rich and famous on the increase
Emotional Rodman apologizes on return from DPRK
14 killed in Russian bombing
Delicious, festive holiday choices abound for expats
Africa will remain important pillar of China's diplomacy
Tainted farmland to be restored
Diaper firms set to clean up with disposables
White House fine-tunes Asia pivot to 'quench fire'
Coach profits drive up in China
Parents urged to supervise children's TV-viewing habits
Danish minister tours Beijing on her bicycle
Expats seek to beat smog with technology
Apology letter showed goodwill toward China
Terrorist cell smashed after attack in Xinjiang
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