2017届高考英语一轮专项训练：阅读理解（2）及答案

　　【江西省吉安一中2017模拟】A

　　阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　To Whom It May Concern:

　　Your address was forwarded to us by How to Magazine. All of us here think The International Institute of Not Doing Much is the best organization in the world. You know how to avoid unnecessary activities!

　　As a matter of fact, we closely followed the advice in your article. First, we replaced all our telephones with carrier pigeons. Simply removing the jingle of telephones and replacing them with the pleasant sounds of birds has had a remarkable effect on everyone. Besides, birds are cheaper than telephone service. After all, we are a business. We have to think of the bottom line. As a side benefit, the birds also fertilize the lawn outside the new employees’ sauna(桑拿房).

　　Next, we sold the computers off to Stab, Grab, Grit, and Nasty, a firm of lawyers nearby. Our electricity bill went way down. Big savings! The boss is impressed. We have completely embraced paper technology. Now that we all use pencils, doodling is on the increase, and the quality of pencil woman ship is impressive, as you can tell from my handwriting in this letter. By the way, if you can, please send this letter back to us. We can erase and reuse it. Just tie it to Maggie’s leg and she’ll know where to take it.

　　Now it’s very calm and quiet here. You can notice the difference. No more loud chatter on the telephones! All we hear is the scratching of pencil on paper, the sound of pigeons, and the delivery of inter-office correspondence by paper airplane.

　　Wonderful! I’ve always wanted to work for an insurance company ever since I was a little girl. Now it’s perfect.

　　Sincerely yours,

　　Eleanor Lightly

　　Spokeswoman and Company Hair Stylist

　　ABC Activity Insurance: insure against overdoing it

　　56. Which of the following best describes the life the author is leading?

　　A. A simple, slow-paced life.

　　B. A life of hard work and security.

　　C. A religious, peasant-like life.

　　D. A life away from paper and pencils.

　　57. Where is Eleanor’s letter sent to?

　　A. How To Magazine.

　　B. ABC Activity Insurance Company.

　　C. Stab, Grab, Grit, and Nasty Law Firm.

　　D. The International Institute of Not Doing Much.

　　58. Which of the following is practiced in the author’s company?

　　A. Replacing the manual work system with modern technology.

　　B. Turning off lights in the daytime to save electricity.

　　C. Recycling paper resources whenever possible.

　　D. Buying birds and pets as company for the staff.

　　59. What is true about Maggie?

　　A. She works as a manager in the author’s company.

　　B. She sometimes helps fertilize the lawn outside the sauna.

　　C. She often helps with inter-office correspondence using e-mail.

　　D. Her handwriting has improved a lot after entering the company.

　　60. What is the purpose for the person to write this letter?

　　A. to show his dissatisfaction with the new environment.

　　B. to complain about the bad working condition.

　　C. to persuade people to live a simple life.

　　D. to express his gratitude for the good advice.

　　【参考答案】56—60、ADCBD

　　【江苏省盐城市2017模拟】

　　First lady Michelle Obama turns 50 on Friday, Jan. 17, 2017. Michelle Obama has spent the first half-century of her life breaking barriers and checking off a series of firsts. Now, as she reaches her milestone birthday Friday, the nation will be watching to see in what other areas she will leave her mark.

　　Five years after moving into the White House, and without a re-election campaign to worry about, she has more room to relax in her role and, political watchers say, possibly become more vocal (声音的) on political issues in the three years left in office.

　　So far, critics have complained about Michelle’s silence on issues where they expected to hear her voice: Last year, at the start of her husband's second term, she disappointed advocates for tighter gun-control measures after she failed to push harder on the issue in response to the massacre (残杀) at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn. She also disappointed some feminists (女权主义者) who wanted her to defend their causes instead of falling back on her self-described role as the nation’s “mom-in-chief.” Nor did she handle racial issues during her second term, as some had expected. “The most important thing to remember is, whether you are black, white or Hispanic, you’re the first lady and the president of all the people in the United States. That’s a huge melting pot, so to reinforce (强化)that she's African American over anything else would not be wise,” said Anita McBride, who directs programming and national conferences on the legacies (遗产) of America’s first ladies and their historical influence at American University.

　　Valerie Jarrett, a top White House adviser and a close friend of the Obamas, said the first lady doesn't want to “spread herself too thin.”

　　“She really wants to have a maximum impact and to do that in fewer areas,” Jarrett told the Associated Press. “That, she said, “is better than trying to take on every single possible cause.” But Robert Watson, a Lynn University professor, said he expects Obama to “go a little harder at issues” over the next several years. “Second-term first ladies usually feel more at ease to speak more forcefully about issues close to their heart,” he said.

　　Myra Gutin, a Ryder University communications professor and frequent lecturer on first ladies, said she expects Obama to continue making both of them a priority in her remaining years in the White House, given their success. Michelle launched the “Let’s Move” campaign in 2010. It in particular has gained widespread support, ranging from the National Football League to the Sesame Street franchise (特许), which even gave permission to the produce industry to use its licensed characters for free on fruits and vegetables.

　　“There’s no such thing as a traditional first lady, not anymore in this technology-filled world. Is Mrs. Obama cutting edge? Is she an activist? No. As first ladies go, I think she’s been politically careful because she does not want there to be a major flare-up that would require her husband to use his political capital to clean up,” she said. “But she’s not exactly just sitting in the White House pouring tea and having receptions, either.” 62、Critics were disappointed with Michelle because _______.

　　A．she didn’t put gun-control measures into effect

　　B．she failed some feminists to stand out to be a career woman

　　C．she didn’t solve some racial problems

　　D．she failed to voice her opinion on some issues

　　63、According to the professors or advisers, which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A．It’s not wise to reinforce Michelle is African American over anything else.

　　B．It’s better for Michelle to have a maximum impact than to take on every possible cause.

　　C．It's expected for Michelle to go a little harder at issues.

　　D．It’s a tradition for first ladies to stay out of political issues.

　　What does the underlined phrase “spread herself too thin” in Paragraph 6 mean?

　　A．Try to do a lot of work at the same time.

　　B．Get very tired.

　　C．Try to improve physical fitness.

　　D．Move herself away from others.

　　In Paragraph 9, the campaign “Let’s Move” might be aiming to help people _______.. a. gain widespread support b. become more physically active c. have access to healthier foods d. raise awareness about gun control

　　A．a, c B．a, b C．b, c D．c, d

　　—65、DDAC

　　C5 [2017·江苏卷] -----D

　　Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel.And he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.

　　I say clever because anti－slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is only the most famous example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.

　　Again and again，in the postwar years，Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twain's novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn，Twain's most widely read tale.Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟)．”More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)

　　But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point.The novel is strongly anti－slavery.Jim's search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As J．Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：Jim, the father and the man.”

　　There is much more.Twain's mystery novel Pudd'nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites，especially in intelligence，Twain's tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her master's baby and，for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the master's baby by his wife.The slave's light－skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave－holding class.The master's wife's baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.

　　The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech，for example—were, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.

　　Twain's racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black－face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.

　　Was Twain a racist？Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.Lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him.And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier，and inventor of Jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.

　　65．How do Twain's novels on slavery differ from Stowe's?

　　A．Twain was more willing to deal with racism.

　　B．Twain's attack on racism was much less open.

　　C．Twain's themes seemed to agree with plots.

　　D．Twain was openly concerned with racism.

　　66．Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its

　　________．

　　A．target readers at the bottom

　　B．anti－slavery attitude

　　C．rather impolite language

　　D．frequent use of “nigger”

　　67．What best proves Twain's anti－slavery stand according to the author?

　　A．Jim's search for his family was described in detail.

　　B．The slave's voice was first heard in American novels.

　　C．Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.

　　D．Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.

　　68．The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that

　　________．

　　A．slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters

　　B．slaves' babies could pick up slave－holders' way of speaking

　　C．blacks' social position was shaped by how they were brought up

　　D．blacks were born with certain features of prejudice

　　69．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?

　　A．The attacks.

　　B．Slavery and prejudice.

　　C．White men.

　　D．The shows.

　　70．What does the author mainly argue for?

　　A．Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.

　　B．Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.

　　C．Twain's works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.

　　D．Twain's works should be read from a historical point of view.

　　【要点综述】 本篇为说明文，谈到马克·吐温的小说是否对奴隶制和偏见进行了反抗，以及它受到不同人士的批评情况。

　　65．B　推理判断题。由第二段的“Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.”可知，马克·吐温把对奴隶制和偏见的攻击融在故事中，隐晦地表达。而早期小说是直接攻击方式(dealt directly with slavery)，因此B项说他的小说对种族主义制度的攻击非常不明显是恰当的。A项文章没有提及；C项与题干无关，答非所问；D项文章没有提及。

　　66．D　推理判断题。根据关键词Adventures of Huckleberry Finn定位到第三段。由“More recently the book has been attacked because of …many occurences of the word nigger.”可知答案。A项中的target readers错误，文章没有说到；B项不符合文意；C项中的impolite language范围过广，文章只是说到批评者对nigger一词的出现感到不满。

　　67．C　细节理解题。由第四段的末句“…the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities…”可知答案。A项中的in detail文章没有提及；B项中的The slave's voice与文章的the character of Jim不一致；D项文章没有提及。

　　68．C　推理判断题。由第六段可知，举这个例子是为了说明奴隶的社会地位是由生活环境决定的，而不是人的自然本性。

　　69．D　词义猜测题。由画线词所在句的前面一句可知：没有理由认为马克·吐温把这些表演当作表现现实，后句紧接着解释：马克·吐温对奴隶制和偏见的不断攻击说明了他敏锐的意识，而这些是shows所没有表达出来的，可见they应该就是指代shows。

　　70．A　作者意图题。末段首先提出一个疑问，然后通过论据否定了这个观点，最后总结了一下自己的观点：And Twain…may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice …than any other novelist in the past century，可见作者要反驳的是末段首句所表达的疑问，只有A项符合，其他各项只是对具体例子的说明。

　　【江苏省盐城市2017模拟】

　　Spanish explorers called them Las Encantadas, the Enchanted Isles, and Charles Darwin used his studies of the islands as the foundation for his theory of natural selection. The Galapagos are among the world's most important scientific treasures, a group of volcanic islands surrounded by deserted beaches and inhabited by unique varieties of giant tortoise, lizards, and birds.

　　Yet life on this United Nations world heritage site has turned sour. Battles have broken out between

　　fishermen and conservationists. Ecuador, which owns the islands, has sent a naval patrol (海军巡逻队) to put down disturbances. The controversial director of the Galapagos National Park—which controls 97 percent of Galapagos land and the reserve extending to 40 miles offshore—has been fired, while an air of uneasy tension hangs over the islands, as the islanders prepare for election when they pick their representatives in Ecuador’s national assembly.

　　“It’s a very tense situation,” said Leonor Stjepic, director of the London-based Galapagos Conservation Trust, which raises money to help projects on the islands. “We are watching it with concern.”

　　The violence has been triggered by an alarming growth in the islands’ population. Puerto Ayora, on Santa Cruz island, housed just 45 inhabitants in the 50s. Today there are more than 10,000, while the islands' total population is more than 19,000 and growing by 6 percent a year, despite recently introduced a law to limit waves of immigrants fleeing the poor areas of Ecuador for a life “in paradise (天堂)”. On top ofthis, more than 100,000 tourists visit the islands every year. Such numbers have put the islands, special ecology under intense pressure. Conservationists backed by the Ecuador government, have replied by exercising strict controls to protect the islands* iguanas, blue-footed boobies, and giant tortoises.

　　These moves have angered many local people, however. They want to exploit (开发利用) the islands’ waters and catch its protected species of sharks, lobsters and sea cucumbers, which can fetch high prices in Japan and South Korea. Angry fishermen surrounded the Charles Darwin research station on Santa Cruz last February, threatened to kill Lonesome George—the last surviving member of the Pinta Island species of the Galapagos giant tortoise.

　　The situation got improved after the Ecuador government made concessions (让步) by increasing fishing quotas (配额), which angered conservationists. “It is tragic, the short-term gain of a few fishermen versus the long-term survival of the Galapagos,” said John McCosker of the California Academy of Sciences. “They are killing the golden goose.” Then, the Ecuador government appointed Fausto Cepeda as the national park's new director, a post that has become a political football for the mainland government. There have been nine directors in the past 18 months.

　　This appointment was particularly controversial, however. Cepeda was known to have close ties with the fishing industry, and the rangers (管理员),who run the national park and reserve, rebelled. More than 300 staged a sit-in at the park’s headquarters and prevented Cepeda from taking up his post. A battle broke out, and at least two people suffered serious injuries. Eventually, Cepeda—with the fishermen’s help- entered the park. “I am in office, i am in control. And I am trying to lower the tension,” he announced.

　　The Ecuador government took no chances, and sent a patrol boat to maintain the peace. A few days later, Ecuador Environment Minister Fabian Valdivicso met representatives of rangers. After discussions, he told newspapers that he had decided to remove Cepeda from the post. However, as the population continues to rise, the long-term pressures on the islands are serious and will not disappear that easily.

　　“We have to balance its special environment with the needs of local people. In that sense, it is a microcosm (缩影) for all the other threatened parts of the world. So getting it right here is going to be a very, very important trick to pull off,” said Stjepic. 66、What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 5 refer to?

　　A．The island’s swelling population.

　　B．The law to limit waves of immigrants.

　　C．A life in paradise.

　　D．The tourists’ visiting the islands every year.

　　How significant were the islands for Charles Darwin?

　　A．He based his theory on his studies there.

　　B．He built the Charles Darwin research center there.

　　C．He advocated the balance between ecology and people there.

　　D．He found the last surviving giant tortoise there.

　　68、What is the primary contributing factor to the conflict between conservationists and fishermen?

　　A．The dismissal of the previous director of the Galapagos National Park.

　　B．The exploitation of the islands.

　　C．The government's support of Galapagos Conservation Trust.

　　D．Cepeda’s close tie with the fishing industry.

　　We can learn from the passage that _______.

　　A．the projects of Galapagos Conservation Trust on the islands are profitable

　　B．conservationists get angry when fishermen are killing a goose

　　C．politicians from the mainland government play football on the islands

　　D．the government is trying to ease the tension

　　In Paragraph 13, what does the author mean by “The Ecuador government took no chances”?

　　A．The government did not seize opportunities.

　　B．The government made no compromises.

　　C．The government did not run risks.

　　D．The government shrank from responsibilities.

　　【参考答案】66—70、AABDC