2017届高考英语一轮专项训练：阅读理解（3）及答案

　　阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Historians usually just study great things that happened in the past time, but Drew Faust has made history! On February 11, 2007, Faust was named president of Harvard University. She is the first woman to hold the position in the school’s 371-year history.

　　“I am a historian,” she said. “I’ve spent a lot of time thinking about the past, and about how it shapes the future. No university in the country, perhaps the world, has as remarkable a past as Harvard’s.”

　　“And our common enterprise is to make Harvard’s future even more remarkable than its past. That will mean recognizing and building on what we already do well. It will also mean recognizing what we don’t do as well as we should, and not being satisfied until we find ways to do better.”

　　It is her great desire for improvement and willingness to try out new ideas that have given Drew success in a world controlled by men. “This is a man’s world, my girl, and the sooner you learn that, the better off you’ll be.” Drew Faust recalls her mother telling her this when she was young, but she didn’t buy it.

　　Faust grew up in a well-off family in Virginia’s Shenandoah Valley in the 1950s. Even then, she was a trailblazer(先驱). A conversation with her family’s black handyman (零工) and driver inspired her to write a letter, on school notebook paper, to President Dwight Eisenhower.

　　She asked that he help bring US citizens together in the south, a much divided part of the country at the time.

　　“Drew Faust is a historian with her eyes on the future,” said Susan Graham, a professor of Harvard. Many of the university’s schools said that they believe Harvard will have a brighter future under the leadership of Drew Faust.

　　66. Why does the writer say Drew Faust has made history?

　　A. Because she is a historian.

　　B. Because she was president of Harvard University.

　　C. Because she was the first woman to be president of Harvard University.

　　D. Because Harvard has a remarkable past

　　67. What do we know about historians?

　　A. They usually study great things that happened in the past.

　　B. They are usually presidents of universities.

　　C. They are usually born in well-off families.

　　D. They are usually women.

　　68. What does the underlined word “buy” in the fourth paragraph mean?

　　A. accept

　　B. expect

　　C. purchase

　　D. afford

　　69. What did her mother mean by saying “This is a man’s world, my girl...”?

　　A. To encourage her to do man’s work.

　　B. To tell her to do things as a girl should do.

　　C. To ask her to be well-off.

　　D. To expect her to be a historian.

　　70. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

　　A. Faust was born in the north of the US.

　　B. She wrote a letter to President Eisenhower when she became president of Harvard.

　　C. Faust’s desire for improvement and willingness to try out new ideas has given her success.

　　D. Historians just care about great things that happened in the past.

　　【参考答案】66—70、CAABC

　　C5 [2017·江西卷]

　　One might expect that the ever－growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday－makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long－term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rock－bound Pacific island is advertised as the ‘last paradise(天堂) on earth’.

　　However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea－side holidays, over－crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.

　　Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday－makers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation of

　　precious trees and plants.

　　Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The one－time farmer is now the servant of some multi－national organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn't happier in his village working his own land.

　　Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.

　　The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning world－wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years' time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.

　　71．What does the author indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph 1?

　　A. The Pacific island is a paradise.

　　B. The Pacific island is worth visiting.

　　C. The advertisement is not convincing.

　　D. The advertisement is not impressive.

　　72．The example of Nepal is used to suggest ________．

　　A. its natural resources are untouched

　　B. its forests are exploited for farmland

　　C. it develops well in health and education

　　D. it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists

　　73．What can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4?

　　A. They are happy to work their own lands.

　　B. They have to please the tourists for a living.

　　C. They have to struggle for their independence.

　　D. They are proud of working in multi－national organizations.

　　74．Which of the following determines the future of tourism?

　　A. The number of tourists.

　　B. The improvement of services.

　　C. The promotion of new products.

　　D. The management of tourism.

　　75．The author's attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is ________．

　　A. optimistic

　　B. doubtful

　　C. objective

　　D. negative

　　【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了旅游业的发展对当地以及环境等方面的影响。

　　71. C　考查推理判断。由“Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rock－bound Pacific island is advertised as the ‘last paradise(天堂) on earth’．”可知每个月广告上不停地更换所谓的太平洋上某个岛是“地球上最后的天堂”，由此可推出广告是不可信的，故选C项。

　　72. D　考查推理判断。由第三段第一、二句“Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal…”可知尼泊尔的例子是用来说明其受到旅游的负面影响。

　　73. B　考查推理判断。由第四段后几句“The one－time farmer is now the servant of some multi－national organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn't happier in his village working his own land.”曾经的农民成为了某些跨国组织的仆人，自己不再主宰自己的生活，强颜欢笑来取悦游客谋生。

　　74. D　考查细节理解。由最后一段第一句“The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate…”可知旅游业的管理决定其未来。

　　75. C　考查观点态度。综观全文可知，作者只是客观地介绍了旅游业发展的相关问题。

　　C5 [2017·辽宁卷] ----D

　　“Indeed，”George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug.When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightning－bug(萤火虫)．But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

　　The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.

　　Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug－shaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install(安装) an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others' conversations.Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant“to cheat”， and since the 1940s it has been annoying.

　　We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product.In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a bug’ in his invented record player.”

　　68．We learn from Paragraph 1 that

　　________．

　　A．Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug

　　B．George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug

　　C．the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth century

　　D．both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century

　　69．What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?

　　A．Explanation.

　　B．Finding.

　　C．Origin.

　　D．Fault.

　　70．The passage is mainly concerned with

　　________．

　　A．the misunderstanding of the word bug

　　B．the development of the word bug

　　C．the public views of the word bug

　　D．the special characteristics of the word bug

　　【要点综述】 本文是说明文，主要讲单词bug在意义上的发展变化。

　　68．D　推理判断题。根据“在1785，华盛顿在日记中使用bug”和“在19和20世纪，英国人停止使用bug”，说明这两国人在18世纪都使用过bug这个词。

　　69．D　词义猜测题。根据“爱迪生把它解释为小问题或困难”可知，fault和flaw意思相近。

　　70．B　主旨大意题。文章讲述了bug在意义上的发展。

　　【江西省吉安一中2017模拟】

　　阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　What would it be like to take a walk on the surface of Mars? If you could design the tallest building in the world, what would it look like? Do you dream of being the next J.K.Rowling? This summer, you can experience all of these things, and more. All you need is an Internet connection and your imagination.

　　A recent study by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that kids spend an average of 1 hour and 29 minutes online each day. Many kids like to use that time to chat with friends, play games or check e-mails. But next time you get on the Web, try exploring the world instead. “With the Internet, you can go back 11,000 years in time, or go 11,000 kilometers across the planet,” said Russell, Web search expert of Google. “The whole scope of history and the world is open to you.”

　　There is a wealth of information to be found online. For example, if your family is going on vacation somewhere, do a quick online search on the area before you even get in the car. “What’s the background of the place; what’s the history?” says Russell. “I like to tell my kids, ‘Whenever you have a question, whenever you have a doubt, search it out.’”

　　Ready to launch a virtual journey of your own? Here are a few starting points to get you thinking and to help you on your way. You can invite your parents along for the ride, too. Always ask for permission before downloading programs and software into your computer. And, check with a parent or adult before visiting any new website.

　　Navigate the world in 3-D with Google Earth. Begin in outer space and zoom into the streets of any city, from Hong Kong to San Francisco. Or, visit ancient monuments and watch the changing rainforests over time. With the moon in Google Earth tool, you can walk in Neil Armstrong’s famous footsteps. Take a guided tour of the moon’s surface with Armstrong’s fellow shuttle mate astronaut Buzz Aldrin.

　　71. According to Russell, the kids _________.

　　A. spend too much time on the Internet

　　B. should never chat and play games online

　　C. can solve their problems through the Internet

　　D. should study hard instead of chatting online

　　72. From the passage we know that _________.

　　A. we can find much information we need online

　　B. Neil Armstrong traveled to the moon alone

　　C. the kids can download programs onto the computer freely

　　D. the kids can visit the new website freely without parents’ guidance

　　73. According to the passage, if you want to go to Tropical Rainforests, you can _________.

　　A. take the time shuttle

　　B. go to the cinema to watch 3-D films

　　C. find a travel agency in Google

　　D. use Google Earth

　　74. The passage is mainly intended for _________.

　　A. parents

　　B. kids

　　C. teachers

　　D. adults

　　75. In which section of a website can we probably read this passage?

　　A. Culture.

　　B. Health.

　　C. Internet World.

　　D. Tourism.

　　【参考答案】71—75、CADBC

　　【内蒙古包头市201阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A,B,C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Millions of sports lovers are sill thinking about one thing----the Winter Olympics in Sochi Russia. close to 2900 men and women competed in the 2017 Winter Games about a month ago.

　　The Olympics brought a lot of attention to Sochi，a city on the black Sea, which is a popular area for vacation travelers. The area is known for its mild winters，with warm to summer.

　　At least 50 billion was spent on the 2017 Winter Games, making it the costliest Olympics in history. Seven billion dollars was spent on the 2010 Winter Games in Vancouver, Canada. Olympic officials chose Sochi to host the 2017 games almost seven years ago, At that time，Russian President Vladimir Putin said the games would cost about $13 billion. Yet times his estimate. So where did all the money go?

　　Some observers say the high cost is partly the result of security measures. Brian Jenkins，a terrorism expert from the RAND Corporation，gave the following explanation. 'There were anywhere between 70 ,000 and 100 , 000 policemen and military troops deployed around the city.

　　The main threat came from separatist and Islamist groups from the North Caucasus, especially from Chechnya and Dagestan. One group claimed responsibility for two suicide bombings in Volgograd last December. The attacks killed more than 30 people. The city is only about 600 kilometers away from Sochi.

　　Bruce Hoffman is a terrorism export from Georgetown University in Washington DC. He says the increased security made Sochi a difficult target for terrorists.

　　It is thought that the terrorists' intention was to make life difficult for the Russians and to create some sort of incident that would take away the enjoyment.

　　The last Olympians from around the world on Russian soil was in 1980 .That was a year after Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan. More than sixty countries didn’t take part in the Moscow Summer Games to show their anger.

　　25. According to the passage, why did the Sochi Winter Olympics cost so much?

　　A. Because it was held at an area popular for vacation travelers.

　　B. Becauae the Russian government wanted to make it the best ever held.

　　C. Because security measures at Sochi were stricter than before.

　　D. Because the original plan was made 7 years before.

　　26. It can be known from the passage that Bruce Hoffman was

　　A. a terrorism expert from the USA

　　B.the writer who wrote this article

　　C. an athlete who competed in Sochi

　　D. a terrorism expert from RAND Corporation

　　27. Which of the following is false?

　　A. Sochi Olympics cost about 4 times as estimated.

　　B. Next winter Olympics will be held in Vancouver.

　　C. Many countries refused. to attend the 1980 Olympics.

　　D.Security is often a problem in international sport games.

　　28. The terrorists might have attacked Sochi Olympics because

　　A. they wanted to make trouble for the Russians

　　B.they thought Russia shouldn't spend so much on sport

　　C. they thought Putin was not a nice president

　　D. they were not interested in winter sports

　　【参考答案】25、C

　　26—28、ABA