2017届高考英语一轮复习基础巩固学案：Unit 3《Project Hope》（重大版必修4）

　　Ⅰ.重点单词识记

　　1．project /prɒdʒekt/ n．工程

　　2．fund /fnd/ n．资金；基金

　　3．entrance /entrəns/ n．入口；入学许可

　　4．remote /rIməʊt/ adj.遥远的；偏僻的

　　5．foundation /fan′deIʃn/ n．基金；基础

　　6．rural /rərəl/ adj.乡村的，乡下的

　　7．defeat /dIfiːt/ vt.击败，战胜

　　8．debt /det/ n．债务

　　9．resource /rIsɔːs/ n．资源；财力

　　10．strike /straIk/ n．打击；vt.打，击

　　11．opportunity /ˌpə′tjuːnItI/ n．机会，时机

　　12．poverty /pɒvətI/ n．贫穷，贫困

　　13．influential /ˌInflenʃəl/ adj.有影响的→influence n．影响；vi./vt.影响；改变

　　14．benefit /benIfIt/ n．利益；好处；vi./vt.有益于，得益→beneficial adj.有益的，有利的

　　15．contribute /kəntrIbjuːt/ vi./vt.捐助→contribution n．贡献；捐献

　　16．demand /dImɑːnd/ n．要求；需求；vi./vt.要求；请求→demanding adj.要求高的，苛刻的

　　17．relaxing /rIlæksIŋ/ adj.放松的，轻松的→relaxed adj.放松的，悠闲的→relax vi.放松；休息

　　18．participate /pː′tIsIpeIt/ vi.参加，参与→participation n．参加

　　19．compete /kəmpiːt/ vi.比赛，竞争→competitor n．竞争者→competition n．比赛，竞争→competitive adj.竞争的，比赛的

　　20．development /dIveləpmənt/ n．发展→develop vi.发展→developed adj.发达的 →developing adj.发展中的

　　21．assistance /əsIstəns/ n．协助；援助→assistant n．助手；adj.辅助的，有帮助的→assist vt./vi.帮助

　　.重点短语识记

　　1．all over全部地，整个地

　　2．gain a place at/in在……赢得一席之地

　　3．in charge of负责；经营；照顾

　　4. stand out明显，突出

　　5．cry for哭着要求得到，恳求，迫切需要

　　6．bring up教育，养育

　　7．home and abroad国内外

　　8．be used to do被用来做……

　　9.drop out退学，辍学

　　10．use up用完，耗尽

　　11. dream of 梦想，渴望

　　12．in debt负债

　　.经典原句默写与背诵

　　1．By the end of 2004，Project Hope was reported to have received over 2.73 billion yuan (US$330 million) contributed from home and abroad.

　　据报道，到2004年年底，希望工程收到了来自国内外的超过27.3亿元(3.3亿美元)的捐款。

　　2．Have you participated in sporting events in which players compete in lifting pumpkins and spinning tops?

　　你参加过举南瓜和抽陀螺的体育比赛项目吗？

　　3．Her father died that year leaving Rang Ying and her mother in debt.

　　那年她父亲去世了，让英和母亲负债累累。

　　4．It was again Project Hope that provided a helping hand and let her return to school the following year.

　　又是希望工程伸出了援助之手，让她在第二年返回了学校。

　　1．The new hospital will benefit the entire community.(benefit)

　　2．He demanded/demands of me to start at once.(demand)

　　3．The teacher participated in the students’ games held yesterday.(participate)

　　4．Swedish mission also made similar contributions in other parts of the world.(contribute)

　　5．I should relax and have some fun，right？(relaxing)

　　6．China is a developing country.(development)

　　7．We shall offer you assistance with legal expenses up to $5,000.(assistant)

　　8．Many countries in the Third World are as poor as they have ever been.(poverty)

　　1

　　have an influence on对……起作用

　　under the influence of在……的影响下

　　Last but not least，my physics teacher is my role model，whose influence on me had a lot to do with my decision.

　　最后但同样重要的是，我的物理老师是我的榜样，他对我的影响极大地影响着我的决定。(2017·安徽·书面表达)

　　夯实基础

　　用适当的介词填空

　　(1)What exactly is the influence of television on children?

　　(2)He committed the crime under the influence of drugs.

　　2

　　benefit sb./sth.对某人/物有益

　　benefit from/by从……中受益

　　be of benefit to＝be beneficial to对……有益

　　for one’s benefit＝for the benefit of sb.为帮助某人；为某人的利益

　　The activity benefited us a lot.

　　这项活动使我们受益匪浅。(2017·江西·书面表达)

　　夯实基础

　　同义句改写

　　The new regulation will be of benefit to everyone concerned.

　　(1)The new regulation will be beneficial to everyone concerned.(用beneficial改写句子)

　　(2)Everyone concerned will benefit from the new regulation.(用benefit from改写句子)

　　(3)The new regulation will benefit everyone concerned.(用benefit改写句子)

　　3

　　demand (of sb.) to do...要求(某人)做……

　　demand doing/to be done需要……

　　demand that...(should) do...要求……

　　satisfy/meet one’s demands满足某人的需求

　　on demand一经要求

　　in demand需要

　　make demands of对……提出要求

　　First，science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.

　　首先，在中国对理科毕业生的需求比文科毕业生大。(2017·安徽·书面表达)

　　特别提醒

　　demand作动词时，后可接名词、不定式和从句作宾语，但不可跟sb.to do结构；后接that从句时，从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，即(should＋)动词原形。

　　夯实基础

　　(1)Strike workers demanded to see the manager/that they (should) see the manager.

　　罢工工人要求见经理。

　　(2)My demand is that the information referred to in my report (should)be emailed to

　　Mr.Brown without delay.

　　我的要求是：请立刻把我的报告中提到的信息用邮件发给布朗先生。

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．Violent programmes on television may have a bad

　　on children.

　　A．affect

　　B．pressure

　　C．influence

　　D．power

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查固定短语have an influence on“对……有影响”。

　　2．The boss demanded that Mary

　　the work within a week.

　　A．finished

　　B．would finish

　　C．had finished

　　D．finish

　　答案　D

　　解析　demand后跟从句时，从句中用虚拟语气(should) do。

　　3．The economic crisis has seriously

　　West German’s exports.

　　A．affected

　　B．influenced

　　C．infected

　　D．governed

　　答案　A

　　解析　affect影响，表示对……产生(不良)影响；influence影响。本题不能选influence，因为动词influence常常是指间接地、以一种无形的力量去潜移默化地“影响”人的行为、性格或观点等。

　　4．The organization was founded for the

　　of the poor children in the west part of China.

　　A．advantage

　　B．interest

　　C．benefit

　　D．value

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查固定短语：for the benefit of。

　　5．We can’t

　　other countries if we don’t develop our national economy.

　　A．compete for

　　B．compete against

　　C．catch up

　　D．keep up

　　答案　B

　　解析　“和……竞争”是compete against/with。

　　6．Being

　　heavy debt then put great pressure

　　the poor widow.

　　A．with；on

　　B．in；to

　　C．on；on

　　D．in；on

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查两个固定短语：be in debt，put pressure on。

　　.汉译英

　　1．由于人类破坏性的影响，这个珍稀物种的数量急剧减少到不足1,000只。(influence)(2017·重庆·写作二)

　　Because of the human beings’ destructive influence，the number of this precious species has promptly dropped to less than 1,000.

　　2．我们才能理解或记住老师要求我们掌握的知识。(demand)(2017·四川·书面表达)

　　We can understand or remember the knowledge which the teachers demand us to master.

　　1．Our daughter is a great dancer；she stands out from the rest.

　　2．He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away.

　　3．We are going to bring up this question at the next meeting.

　　4．No，I have to buy a pet before you use up all the money.

　　5．He dreams of running his own business.

　　1

　　take charge of掌管(表动作)

　　in the charge of被掌管

　　charge sb.with doing＝accuse sb.of doing指控某人犯……罪

　　charge sb.money for...因……收某人钱

　　free of charge免费

　　A week later，I volunteered to take charge of English study in my class.

　　一个星期以后，我自愿负责班里的英语学习。

　　She charged me $24 for the book.

　　这本书她向我要价24美元。

　　夯实基础

　　同义句改写

　　(1)Police have charged Mr.Bell with murder.(用accuse...of...改写句子)

　　Police have accused Mr.Bell of murder.

　　(2)This year I am in charge of the class.

　　This year the class is in the charge of me.(用in the charge of改写句子)

　　This year I take charge of the class.(用take charge of改写句子)

　　2

　　stand by站在旁边；袖手旁观；支持

　　stand for代表；象征；支持；主张；容忍

　　stand doing/to do容忍做……

　　as it stands照此情况，照这个样子

　　from where I stand以我的观点(立场)

　　She’s the sort of person who stands out in a crowd.

　　她是那种在人群中很显眼的人。

　　In the picture，there stands a tree full of fruit on one side of the stream.

　　图画中，小河的一边立着一棵结满果实的树。(2011·北京·开放作文)

　　夯实基础

　　选词填空

　　(1)How can you stand by and see him accused of something he didn’t do?

　　(2)The new road sign is easy to read；the words stand out well.

　　(3)I disagreed fundamentally with what the party stood for.

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．The hotel

　　50 yuan for a room for the night.

　　A．offered

　　B．charged

　　C．paid

　　D．gave

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意为：这家旅馆一间房一晚要价50元。charge要价，收费，符合题意。

　　2．He has been acting very strangely these days.I can’t

　　his actions at all.

　　A．ask for

　　B．account to

　　C．call for

　　D．stand for

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意为：这些天他行为古怪，我根本不能容忍他的行为。stand for容忍，忍受。

　　3．The city was badly destroyed by an earthquake，and it took years to

　　.

　　A．take everything back to live

　　B．take everything back to life

　　C．bring everything back to live

　　D．bring everything back to life

　　答案　D

　　解析　bring...back to life使恢复；使苏醒。

　　4．They had to stop halfway because they had

　　the oil.

　　A．given out

　　B．taken up

　　C．lacked of

　　D．used up

　　答案　D

　　解析　use up用完，用光，符合句意。give out作此意讲时为不及物动词词组；take up占据；处理；lack缺少，为及物动词，其后不加of。

　　.汉译英

　　在中国，中国结代表着友谊、爱情和好运。(stand for)(2017·新课标全国·书面表达)

　　In China，Chinese knot stands for friendship，love and good luck.

　　用所给动词的适当形式填空

　　(1)Why not get(get) your children to work(work) out regularly?

　　(2)We had better not pay(pay) too much attention to grammar.

　　(3)Rather than argue(argue) without any result，I prefer to get(get) down to doing something practical.

　　(4)We wanted nothing but to appeal(appeal) to people to care more about the drop­out students.

　　(5)Who had you clean(clean) the windows once again?

　　(6)We watched our friends disappear(disappear) into the darkness.

　　Born in a poor family of the Tibetan minority in Sichuan，Rang Ying said...出生在四川一个贫穷的藏族家庭里，让英说……

　　Born in a poor family...为过去分词短语在句中作原因状语。

　　过去分词或过去分词短语在句中作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等，表示被动与完成。使用时应注意两点：一是过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致(某些独立成分如generally speaking除外)；二是过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语为被动或完成关系。

　　Given a wrong number，I couldn’t contact him over the phone.

　　因为给错了号码，所以我没能够与他电话联系上。

　　夯实基础

　　用所给动词的适当形式填空

　　(1)Well managed(manage)，his business soon took off.

　　(2)The woman scientist entered the room，followed (follow) by her assistants.

　　(3)Caught(catch) in a heavy rain，he was late for work again.

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．

　　，the students rushed out of the classroom.

　　A．Angry and disappointed

　　B．Angry and disappointing

　　C．To angry and disappoint

　　D．To be angry and disappointed

　　答案　A

　　解析　形容词短语作原因状语，说明主语的状况。

　　2．The Town Hall

　　in the 1880’s was the most distinguished building at the time.

　　A．to be completed

　　B．having been completed

　　C．completed

　　D．being completed

　　答案　C

　　解析　过去分词短语completed in the 1880’s作定语，修饰the Town Hall，二者之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。

　　.汉译英

　　若给我们机会，我们会让世人惊奇。(过去分词作状语)

　　Given a chance，we can surprise the world.

　　1．

　　in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.(2017·安徽，32)

　　A．To found

　　B．Founding

　　C．Founded

　　D．Having founded

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意为：这所学校创建于20世纪早期，它一直激励着孩子们对于艺术的热爱。the school与found之间构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语。

　　2．Anyone，once

　　positive for H7N9 flu virus，will receive free medical treatment from our government.(2017·福建，32)

　　A．to be tested

　　B．being tested

　　C．tested

　　D．to test

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意为：被检测出H7N9禽流感呈阳性的任何人，将接受我们政府的免费医学治疗。由题干中的关键信息once可知此处为时间状语从句的省略。根据状语从句中省略的条件：“当主从句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语包括动词be时，可将从句的主语和动词be一起省略”，逆推可将该从句还原为“once anyone is tested positive for H7N9 flu virus”，并且时间状语从

　　句中要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，所以该题目自然是省略了“anyone is”。

　　3．The manager wants to see changes in the company，and I am sure he will

　　.(2017·陕西，24)

　　A．in particular

　　B．in turn

　　C．in charge

　　D．in time

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意为：经理想看到公司的变化，我坚信他最终会看到的。in particular尤其；in turn轮流，反过来；in charge掌管；in time最终。

　　4．The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients，so he has a very good

　　.(2010·江苏，22)

　　A．expectation

　　B．reputation

　　C．contribution

　　D．civilization

　　答案　B

　　解析　reputation名声，符合句意。expectation期望；contribution贡献；civilization文明。

　　.单项填空

　　1．The police have

　　power to deal with such matters by

　　law.

　　A．the；the

　　B．不填；不填

　　C．不填；the

　　D．the；不填

　　答案　D

　　解析　句子第一空后面的不定式作定语对power进行修饰，特指某种权力，用定冠词the；而第二空后面的law泛指“法律”这一概念，不用冠词。

　　2．See the flags on top of the building？That was

　　we did this morning.

　　A．when

　　B．which

　　C．where

　　D．what

　　答案　D

　　解析　what引导表语从句，在从句作did的宾语。表示这是今天上午所做的事。when引导表语从句时，在从句中作时间状语，表示“当……的时候”。which引导表语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，意为“哪一个”，表示在有限的范围内的某一个。where引导表语从句时，在从句中作状语，表示“在……地方”。

　　3．How pleased the detective was

　　what his customer told him!

　　A．hearing

　　B．heard

　　C．to hearing

　　D．to hear

　　答案　D

　　解析　be pleased to do sth.为固定结构，不定式表原因。此感叹句的陈述句形式为：The detective was pleased to hear what his customer told him.

　　4．The Beatles，

　　many of you are old enough to remember，came from Liverpool.

　　A．for

　　B．though

　　C．as

　　D．since

　　答案　C

　　解析　as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句。

　　5．—I find it astonishing that your deskmate

　　be so rude to you.

　　—Not astonishing at all.She is always rude to anyone else.

　　A．should

　　B．must

　　C．might

　　D．ought to

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查情态动词的用法。句意为：——我发现你的同桌竟然对你那么粗鲁，这太令人吃惊了。——这一点儿也不令人吃惊，她对别人一贯如此。表示说话人一种吃惊的语气，只有should含有“竟然”的含义，其他选项没有此意。

　　6．911 is a special date，

　　，I think，that will be remembered by the Americans forever.

　　A．what

　　B．it

　　C．which

　　D．one

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查代词。one作date的同位语。

　　7．The letter

　　he has been waiting is from his former head teacher.

　　A．for which

　　B．for

　　C．for it

　　D．for whom

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查定语从句。the letter是先行词，关系代词which作wait for的宾语，介词for提前，因此只有A项正确。

　　8．The patient’s son asked the doctor the question

　　his father could survive the big operation.

　　A．whether

　　B．if

　　C．that

　　D．what

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查同位语从句。在此同位语从句表示一种不确定的状态，故用whether引导同位语从句，表示the question的具体内容。if不可用来引导同位语从句。

　　9．With trees and grass

　　39.6% of the urban area，the city of Weifang has taken on a new look.

　　A．covered

　　B．covering

　　C．to be covered

　　D．being covered

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查非谓语动词。句意为：随着城市绿化覆盖率达到39.6%，潍坊呈现了新面貌。trees and grass和cover之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故选B项。

　　10．

　　the activities might seem childish，in reality they require a lot of strength and determination.

　　A．When

　　B．As

　　C．While

　　D．Once

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意为：尽管这些活动可能看起来有些幼稚，但事实上他们需要力气和决心。while在此相当于though，意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。

　　.阅读理解

　　The space shuttle Discovery has had a long and busy career.For 27 years，it has worked for NASA，carrying astronauts to space and back on 39 missions.On March 9,2011，after returning from its final voyage，the world’s most traveled spaceship was retired.

　　A crowd of shuttle workers，reporters and schoolchildren waited to greet Discovery at Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral，Florida.Three minutes before noon，they watched as the shuttle appeared in the sky and made one last touchdown.“For the final time：wheels stop，” Discovery’s commander Steven Lindsey said when the shuttle rolled to a stop.

　　Discovery’s final trip was to the International Space Station (ISS)，a giant space lab in the sky.Since 1998,16 nations have been working together to build the space base 220 miles above Earth.Discovery’s crew took care of the last U．S. construction project at ISS.They delivered 10 tons of supplies for the ISS.

　　The six­person crew also dropped off an unusual companion for ISS’s researchers：a humanoid，or human­like，robot named Robonaut 2.Astronauts will assemble (组装) R2 at the ISS over several months.R2 was specifically designed to help astronauts perform basic tasks in space.

　　Including the 13­day final mission，Discovery has spent a total of 365 days in space and has traveled a whopping 148 million miles since 1984.“It came back as perfect on its final flight as it did on its first flight，”Lindsey said.

　　After 30 years，NASA is winding down its shuttle program.NASA is to begin work on new spaceships that can travel longer distances.Discovery’s retirement is the first of three.Endeavor，another shuttle，is scheduled to make its final voyage soon.And Atlantis’s last trip is planned for the end of June.

　　Museums across the country have requested the retired shuttles.The Smithsonian’s Air and Space Museum，in Washington，D.C.，may be the lucky recipient(接收者) of Discovery.Congress has already passed a bill to help the museum cover the cost of preparing the shuttle for display—a fee of more than $28 million!

　　Where will the other shuttles go？You’ll have to wait to find out.NASA will announce its decision on April 12，the 30th anniversary of the first space shuttle launching.Stay tuned!

　　1．As part of the final mission，Discover’s crew

　　.

　　A．carried researchers to space

　　B．went on a spacewalk

　　C．brought supplies to the ISS

　　D．assembled the Robonaut 2 at the ISS

　　答案　C

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They delivered 10 tons of supplies for the ISS.”可知“发现”号航天飞机在执行最后一次任务时为国际空间站送去补给。

　　2．The underlined phrase “winding down” in Paragraph 6 probably means

　　.

　　A．improving

　　B．ending

　　C．changing

　　D．testing

　　答案　B

　　解析　词义猜测题。根据本段最后三句“Discovery’s retirement is the first of three.Endeavor，another shuttle，is scheduled to make its final voyage soon.And Atlantis’s last trip is planned for the end of June.”可知，NASA即将结束航天飞机计划。

　　3．What can we infer from the text?

　　A．Discovery completed 39 missions during its two decades of space travel.

　　B．The ISS is a big project and six researchers live on the station.

　　C．American space exploration will focus on longer missions.

　　D．The shuttles Endeavor and Atlantis will make their last missions next month.

　　答案　C

　　解析　推理判断题。根据第六段第二句“NASA is to begin work on new spaceships that can travel longer distances.”可知，NASA将致力于研究能够飞行更远距离的宇宙飞船。由此可推断，美国将把精力集中在更远距离的太空探索上。

　　4．According to the text，we can learn about

　　.

　　A．people’s opinions of Discovery’s retirement

　　B．the government’s concern about the shuttles’ future

　　C．the shuttles’ final homes after retirement

　　D．museums’ great interest in the retired shuttles

　　答案　D

　　解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段首句“Museums across the country have requested the retired shuttles.”可知，许多博物馆对退役的航天飞机表现出极大的兴趣。

　　文章中的2个阅读障碍句分析

　　1．“It came back as perfect on its final flight as it did on its first flight，” Lindsey said.(Paragraph 5)

　　句式分析：该句中的第二个as引导了一个方式状语从句。

　　自主翻译：Lindsey说：“它的最后一次飞行就像第一次飞行一样完美。”

　　2．NASA is to begin work on new spaceships that can travel longer distances.(Paragraph 6)

　　句式分析：该句中that引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词spaceships。

　　自主翻译：NASA打算开始研制能飞行更远距离的新的宇宙飞船。

　　.写作一

　　请结合材料，按要求用英文写作。

　　Over the past couple of years，several cases of the food scandal have been disclosed on various media.The problem of food safety has become a hot button across society.

　　要求：(1)分析此种现象的原因，不少于三点；

　　(2)词数不少于60；

　　(3)文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。

　　参考词汇：激素hormones；杀虫剂pesticide

　　Currently，many problems concerning the safety of food have caused much attention.

　　参考范文

　　Currently，many problems concerning the safety of food have caused much attention.As for me，I believe at least three factors account for this issue.

　　First，I observe that profits drive many food producers to commit illegal things.Second，the overuse of agricultural pesticide has some bad effects on food quality.Furthermore，food producers inject hormones into animals so as to make them grow more quickly and thus they can turn in more profit.As a result，people’s health has been seriously disturbed.