2017届河北省高考英语阅读理解一轮限时训练（7）

　　河北省武强县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮限时训练题（7）及答案

　　【重庆市名校联盟2017联合, 从每题所给的四个选项(A, B, C 和D)中, 选出最佳选项。

　　As computers become more popular in China, Chinese people are increasingly depending on computer keyboards to input Chinese characters. But if they use the computer too much, they may end up forgetting the exact strokes of each Chinese character when writing on paper. Experts suggest people, especially students, write by hand more.

　　Do you write by hand more or type more? In Beijing, students start using a computer as early as primary school. And computer dependence is more wide-spread among university students. Almost all their homework and essays are typed on a computer.

　　All the students interviewed say they usually use a computer.

　　It's faster and easier to correct if using a computer. And that's why computers are being applied more and more often to modern education. But when people are taking stock in computers increasingly, problems appear.

　　"When I'm writing with a pen, I find I often can't remember how to write a character, though I feel I’m familiar with it."

　　"I'm not in the mood to write when faced with a pen and paper."

　　Many students don't feel this is something to worry about. Now that it's more convenient and quick to write on a computer, why bother to handwrite?

　　Many educators think differently. Shi Liwei, the headmaster of a famous primary school in the capital said “Chinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic(审美的) value. But those characters typed with computer keyboards only have their practical value. All the artistic beauty of the characters is lost. And Handwriting contains the writer’s emotion. Through one’s handwriting, people can get to know one’s thinking and personality. Beautiful writing will give people a better first impression of them.”

　　To encourage students to handwrite more, many primary schools in Beijing have made writing classes compulsory and in universities, some professors are asking students to turn in their homework and essays written by hand.

　　40 .The students interviewed prefer to write using a computer mainly because______.

　　A. they are usually asked to e-mail their homework and Essays

　　B. they can correct the mistakes they make quickly and conveniently

　　C. they find it not easy to remember how to write a character

　　D. computers have become popular in China

　　41. Which of the following statements is NOT the advantages of handwriting?

　　A. Handwriting contains the writer's emotion.

　　B. The writer’s thinking and personality are shown in his or her handwriting.

　　C. Handwriting can impress people well and build up one’s self-confidence.

　　D. Chinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic value.

　　42. The underlined expression “taking stock in” (Paragraph 4) probably means_____.

　　A. getting bored with

　　B. getting dependent on

　　C. becoming crazy about

　　D. getting curious about

　　43. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that_______.

　　A. more and more students will give up writing on a computer

　　B. writing by hand will give way to typing by computer one day

　　C. more and more students will pay attention to handwriting

　　D. the typing article better expresses one’s emotion and quality

　　【参考答案】40—43、BCBC

　　【陕西省西北工业大学附属中学2017第六次模拟】B

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

　　This place was darker than I expected, and, in spite of the rain, dirtier. Used to the life of rural Puerto Rico(波多黎各), I had to adjust to the similarly arranged, aggressive two-dimensionality of New York. Everywhere I looked, my eyes met gray and brown straight-edged buildings with sharp corners and deep shadows. Every few blocks there was a cement(水泥) playground surrounded by chain-link fence.

　　A girl came out of the building next door, a jump rope in her hand, and she hopped over. “Are you Hispanic?” she asked. “No, I’m Puerto Rican.” “Same thing. Puerto Rican, Hispanic. That’s what we are here.” She skipped a tight circle, stopped abruptly, and shoved the rope in my direction. “Want a turn?”

　　“Sure.” I hopped on one leg, then the other. “So, if you’re Puerto Rican, they call you Hispanic?”

　　“Yeah. Anybody who speaks Spanish.”

　　I jumped a circle, as she had done, but faster. “You mean, if you speak Spanish, you’re Hispanic?”

　　“Well, yeah. No . . . I mean your parents have to be Puerto Rican or Cuban or something.”

　　“Okay, your parents are Cuban, let’s say, and you’re born here, but you don’t speak Spanish. Are you Hispanic?”

　　“I guess so,” she finally said. “It has to do with being from a Spanish country. I mean, you or your parents, like, even if you don’t speak Spanish, you’re Hispanic, you know?” She looked at me uncertainly. But I didn’t know. I’d always been Puerto Rican, and it hadn’t occurred to me that in New York I’d be someone else.

　　Later, I asked. “Are we Hispanics, Mami?” “Yes, because we speak Spanish.” “But a girl said you don’t have to speak the language to be Hispanic.” “What girl? Where did you meet a girl?” “Outside. She lives in the next building.” “Who said you could go out to the sidewalk? This isn't Puerto Rico. Something could happen to you.”

　　I listened to Mami’s lecture with depressed eyes and the necessary respect. But inside, I quaked. Two days in New York, and I’d already become someone else. It wasn’t hard to imagine that greater dangers lay ahead.

　　49. The first paragraph suggests that the author experienced New York as

　　.

　　A. mysterious and unknowable

　　B. regular and depressing

　　C. orderly and appealing

　　D. impressive and dangerous

　　50. For the author, being considered Hispanic represents

　　.

　　A. a restriction to be overcome

　　B. an opportunity for self-redefinition

　　C. the loss of her former identity

　　D. an unavoidable result of movement to a new place

　　51. The mother refers to “Puerto Rico” in order to impress upon the author that

　　.

　　A. she should not miss her birthplace

　　B. New Yorkers may not like newcomers

　　C. different rules apply to life in New York

　　D. life was more restricted in Puerto Rico

　　52. The author’s mood can best be described as

　　A. angry and confused

　　B. fearful and uncertain

　　C. excited but lonely

　　D. worried and resistant

　　【参考答案】阅读理解49-52 BCCB

　　C8

　　[2017·湖北卷] ----E

　　A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.

　　The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40，000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.

　　Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.

　　The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle－aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.

　　“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote Frieder R．Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen－Nuremberg.

　　Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.

　　“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote.

　　Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.

　　The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.

　　However, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.

　　67．According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?

　　A．Optimistic adults.

　　B．Middle－aged adults.

　　C．Adults in poor health.

　　D．Adults of lower income.

　　68．Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ________．

　　A．to fully enjoy their present life

　　B．to estimate their contribution accurately

　　C．to take measures against potential risks

　　D．to value health more highly than wealth

　　69．How do people of higher income see their future?

　　A．They will earn less money.

　　B．They will become pessimistic.

　　C．They will suffer mental illness.

　　D．They will have less time to enjoy life.

　　70．What is the clear conclusion of the study?

　　A．Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.

　　B．Good financial condition leads to good health.

　　C．Medical treatment determines health outcomes.

　　D．Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.

　　【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述对未来过于乐观的人将面对残疾或死亡的巨大危险。在研究中，研究人员发现，年轻人对未来过于乐观，中年人对未来的预测很准确，而老年人相对低估。随着年龄的增长，人们对未来的预测越来越现实。

　　67．B 　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“…while middle－aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”知，中年人对未来预测得更准确。故B正确。

　　68．C 　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“…people who were pessimistic about their future may be

　　more careful about their actions …”知，对未来悲观的人可能在行动时更小心、更谨慎。句中的be more careful about与take measures against potential risks一致。故C正确。

　　69．A 　细节理解题。根据第八段中的“…respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”知，身体好、收入高的人认为，他们的收入在未来将会下降，即挣的钱少了。故A正确。

　　70．D 　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的内容可知，研究人员认为有一点很清楚：从少年到成年，每个人都在调整自己对未来生活的满意度，从乐观，到适度到悲观。故D正确。

　　C8 [2017·江苏卷] ----C

　　If a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence，if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name.If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain，the consequence can be death.

　　Other air－breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast：whales, for example.And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs.That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.This kills the cells in the bone，and consequently weakens it，sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.

　　Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world's natural－history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.

　　When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died，but not a single Triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.

　　If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti－decompression means, they clearly did so quickly—and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.

　　Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物)such as a large shark.One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles，both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.Triassic oceans，by contrast，were mercifully shark－ and crocodile－free.In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain.In the Jurassic and Cretaceous，they were prey(猎物)as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.

　　61．Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?

　　A．A twisted body.

　　B．A gradual decrease in blood supply.

　　C．A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.

　　D．A drop in blood pressure.

　　62．The purpose of Rothschild's study is to see

　　________．

　　A．how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends

　　B．how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression

　　C．why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies

　　D．when ichthyosaurs broke their bones

　　63．Rothschild's finding stated in Paragraph 4

　　________．

　　A．confirmed his assumption

　　B．speeded up his research process

　　C．disagreed with his assumption

　　D．changed his research objectives

　　64．Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs

　　________.

　　A．failed to evolve an anti－decompression means

　　B．gradually developed measures against the bends

　　C．died out because of large sharks and crocodiles

　　D．evolved an anti－decompression means but soon lost it

　　【要点综述】 本篇为科普说明文，讲述鱼龙患减压病的原因和后果。Dr Rothschild通过实验推翻了关于鱼龙进化的一些猜测。

　　61．A　细节理解题。根据the bends可定位到首段。由“The consequence…is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name.”可知答案，a bent body和a twisted body是同义转换。由第二句的“Nitrogen dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.”可知，这是说the bends的形成原因，故C、D项错，而B项文章没有提及。

　　62．B　推理判断题。题干中的关键词是Rothschild's study，由此可定位到第三段的前两句。根据“…to find out how widespread the problem was in the past…to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression…”可知答案为B。

　　63．C　推理判断题。根据第四段“…he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite.”可知，Rothschild的假设结论与在研究过程中得出的结果是相反的，故选C项。

　　64．A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，Rothschild认为鱼龙在进化过程中反减压方式进化失败，故选A项。