2017届湖北省高三英语一轮复习学案：Unit 5《First aid》（人教版必修5）

　　必修五Unit 5　First aid

　　晨背三部曲（话题：世界与环境）

　　经典词汇

　　1.action n．行为2．harmony n.

　　和谐3．environment n.

　　环境4．existence n.

　　生存5．energy n.

　　能量；精力6．pollute v.

　　污染7．threaten v.

　　威胁8．totally adv.

　　完全地9．badly adv.

　　严重地10．effective adj.

　　有效的11．severely adv.

　　严重地12．low­carbon adj.

　　低碳的13．reusable adj.

　　可再使用的 14.renewable adj.　可再生的15．result in

　　导致16.adjust to

　　适应17．a majority of

　　大多数18．take measures

　　采取措施19．to make matters worse使事情更糟糕的是20．prevent ... from ... 阻止……免于……21．form a habit of ... 养成……的习惯22．leave ...behind

　　把……抛于脑后23．be ashamed of

　　对……感到羞耻

　　连词成句

　　1．they, not only ... but also ..., harm, themselves, cause trouble, others (用倒装句式)

　　Not_only_do_they_harm_themselves_but_also_they_may_cause_trouble_to_others.

　　2．us, take measures, time，prevent ... from ..., earth, get warmer (用it作形式主语)

　　It's_time_for_us_to_take_measures_to_prevent_the_earth_from_getting_warmer./It's_(high)_time_that_we_took_measures_to_prevent_the_earth_from_getting_warmer.

　　Ⅰ.词海拾贝

　　基础记忆

　　1．aid n．& vt.帮助；援助；资助

　　2．temporary adj.

　　暂时的；临时的

　　3．bleed vi.& vt.

　　流血

　　4．vital adj.

　　至关重要的；生死攸关的

　　5．poison n.

　　毒药；毒害vt.

　　毒害；使中毒

　　6．squeeze vt.& vi.

　　榨；挤；压榨

　　7．pour vt.& vi.

　　倒；灌；注；涌

　　8．complex adj.

　　复杂的

　　9．ceremony n.

　　典礼；仪式；礼节

　　10．injury n．损伤；伤害→injure v．损伤；伤害

　　11．variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→various adj.各种各样的

　　12．unbearable adj.难以忍受的；不能容忍的→bearable adj.可忍受的；忍受得住的→bear vt.容忍；忍受

　　13．bravery n．勇敢；勇气→brave adj.勇敢的；有勇气的

　　14．mild adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的→mildly adv.轻微地；温和地

　　15．swell vi.& vt.(使)膨胀；隆起→swollen adj.肿胀的

　　16．tight adj.牢的；紧的；紧密的→tightly adv.紧地；牢牢地

　　17．firm adj.(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→firmly adv.坚固地；稳定地

　　18．treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待 n．款待；招待→treatment n．治疗；疗法；对待；待遇

　　19．apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；使用；有效→application n．申请(书)→applicant n．申请人

　　20．pressure n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)→press v．挤压；压迫

　　语境记忆

　　21．He treated himself to a long holiday before he received a special treatment for his nose.(treat)

　　22．Liu Li is a new graduate from Shandong University. She applied to a big company for a post last week. The interviewer said her application was the best among all the applicants and that she was hired. Liu Li decided to apply her major knowledge to her new job in the company.(apply)

　　篇章记忆

　　Such symptoms as high fever, high blood pressure, choke, spiritual injury, food poisoning can damage one's health. First aid is a kind of temporary treatment before the ambulance comes.

　　Ⅱ.短语互译

　　1.(对伤患者的)急救　first_aid

　　2．烧伤

　　get_burned

　　3．触电；电休克

　　electric_shock

　　4．榨出；挤出

　　squeeze_out

　　5．区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用

　　make_a_difference

　　6．fall ill

　　生病

　　7．over and over again

　　反复；多次

　　8．in place

　　在适当的位置；适当

　　9．a number of

　　若干；许多

　　10．put one's hands on

　　找到

　　Ⅲ.句型一览

　　1.as引导的非限制性定语从句

　　So as_you_can_imagine (正如你们可以想象的), if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.

　　2．if省略句和unless引导的条件状语从句

　　Remove clothing using scissors if_necessary (如果需要的话) unless_it_is_stuck_to_the_burn (除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上)．

　　3．be doing ... when ... 正在做……这时突然……

　　John was_studying (正在学习) in his room when (这时突然) he heard screaming.

　　4．There's no doubt that ...毫无疑问……

　　There_is_no_doubt_that (毫无疑问) John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.

　　Ⅳ.语法自测——省略

　　完成句子

　　1．The reform of College Entrance Examination will begin with English, whose result is not as satisfying_as_(it_was)_expected.(expect)

　　高考改革将从英语开始，其结果也不像预期的那样令人满意。

　　2．A person, when_(he_is)_challenged,_can often do what is normally beyond his ability.(challenge)

　　当一个人遇到挑战时，他往往能做超越他能力的事情。

　　3．Though_(they_are)_warned_of danger, sightseers have been flocking to the site where the world's biggest terrorist Bin Laden lived.(warn)

　　虽然被警告有危险，但观光者一直涌向世界上最大的恐怖分子本·拉登居住的地方。

　　4．His mother could do nothing but wait_for_the_doctor to arrive.(wait)

　　他妈妈没有办法，只好等医生到来。

　　5．The other day while (she_was)_walking_her/the_dog in the park, she noticed an advertisement for photography lessons.(walk)

　　前几天，在公园遛狗时，她注意到了一则学摄影的招生广告。

　　1.vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的

　　be of vital importance很重要

　　be vital to/for

　　……是至关重要的

　　It is vital to do sth.

　　做某事很重要

　　It is vital that ... (should) do ...

　　做……是十分重要的(从句使用虚拟语气， should可以省略)

　　①Fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report.(2017·湖北阅读C)

　　根据最近的一项报告，解决全球的饥饿问题仍是一个十分重要的问题。

　　②Consideration for other people is vital to all of us.

　　对我们所有人而言，体谅别人是极其重要的。

　　【对点练习】

　　完成句子

　　①As far as I'm concerned, reading_is_of_vital_importance/it_is_vital_to_read in language learning.(vital)

　　就我个人而言，阅读在语言学习中至关重要。

　　②It's vital that a successful movie should_pay_much_attention_to its theme and the figures' characters.(pay)

　　一部成功的电影最重要的是要注重突出主题和人物性格。

　　【真题印证】

　　②(2017·安徽高考)Interest is as ________ to learning as the ability to understand, even more so.

　　A．vital　B．available

　　C．specific

　　D．similar

　　解析：选A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于学习来说，兴趣如同理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。根据句意可知，应用vital。be vital to ... 意为“对……极其重要”。

　　2.treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待 n．款待；招待

　　(1)treat sb. like/as ...把某人当……看待

　　treat sth. seriously

　　认真对待某事

　　treat sb. with respect/kindness　 尊敬某人/善待某人

　　treat sb. to ...

　　招待……；给……买……

　　(2)It's my treat./My treat.

　　我请客。

　　(3)treatment n.

　　治疗；处理；对待

　　But whatever the situation, the best advice is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be treated.(2017·新课标卷完形)

　　但无论什么情况下，最好的建议是遵循这条黄金规则：己所不欲，勿施于人。

　　②Treat the earth seriously, for it is not given to you by your parents but lent to you by your children.

　　善待地球，它不是你父母馈赠给你的，而是你的子孙借给你的。

　　③I am now in my twenties, but my parents still treat me like a child.

　　我现在20多岁了，但父母仍然把我当成小孩子一样对待。

　　④Let's go out for lunch after work — it's my treat.

　　下班后咱们到外面去吃午餐吧——我请客。

　　【对点练习】

　　根据英汉提示完成小片段

　　他把我们当作尊贵的客人，用丰盛的晚餐招待我们；我们十分感激他的热情款待。

　　He treated_us_as/like honored guests, and treated_us_to a big dinner. We all much appreciated his treat.

　　3.apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用

　　vi.申请；请求；使用；有效

　　apply sth. to把……涂到……；把……运用到……

　　apply oneself to

　　致力于；集中精力于

　　apply to

　　适应于……

　　apply (to ...) for ...

　　(向……)申请……

　　①What is most important is that we should apply theory to practice.

　　重要的是理论应用于实践。

　　②In order to increase people's awareness of protecting polar bears, I apply for the spokesman for polar bears sincerely.(2011·重庆书面表达)

　　为了增强人们保护北极熊的意识，我真诚地申请做它的代言人。

　　【对点练习】

　　Ⅰ.写出下列句中apply的含义

　　①You may apply in person or by letter.申请

　　②At last he applied a little wax polish (蜡油)．涂；敷

　　③The dog lying on the road, he applied his brake quickly.使用

　　④The new discovery may be applied in medicine.应用；运用

　　Ⅱ.完成句子

　　①Applying_yourself_to the job in hand, you'll soon finish it.(apply)

　　如果你尽全力做你目前的工作，你将能很快地把它做完。

　　②When Shaw lost his sight, his wife suggested he_apply_for a guide dog.(apply)

　　当肖失明的时候，他妻子建议他申请一只导盲犬。

　　4.squeeze out榨出；挤出

　　squeeze ... out of/from ... 把……从……中榨出来

　　squeeze into

　　挤进

　　squeeze one's way

　　勉强通过；挤过

　　①It's difficult to squeeze your way out in a crowded bus.

　　在拥挤的公交车里挤出去是不容易的。

　　②There were already four people in the lift, but he managed to squeeze into it.

　　电梯里已经有四个人了，但他还是挤进去了。

　　【对点练习】

　　介、副词填空

　　①Try to squeeze a bit more from the tube.

　　②Five of us were squeezed into the back seat of the car.

　　③The lemon looks dry to me, but you may be able to squeeze out a few drops.

　　5.in place在适当的位置；适当

　　①Firstly I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.(2017·陕西书面表达)

　　首先，我把散落在屋子里的所有书、报纸和其他东西收拾起来，并把它们放在适当的位置。

　　out of place　不在适当的位置；不合适

　　in place of

　　代替；取代

　　in the first place

　　首先；第一点

　　take place

　　发生

　　take one's place

　　就座；代替

　　take the place of

　　代替；取代

　　②I felt completely out of place among all those smart rich people.

　　在那些精明的富人中，我觉得自己完全格格不入。

　　③In the first place, he has all the qualifications for the job.

　　首先，他具备做这份工作的全部资格。

　　【对点练习】

　　对比填空

　　①You'd better put things back in place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find them.

　　②Some of these books are out of place,_making the whole room messy.

　　③The manager will be away on business and I'll

　　during his absence.

　　6.make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用

　　　①Thank you so much for making me feel important and showing me that I could make a difference.

　　谢谢你让我觉得自己很重要，让我知道我可以产生影响。

　　make no/some difference (to sb./sth.) (对某人/物)没有/有些作用或影响

　　tell the difference (between A and B) 辨别/区分(A和B)

　　②What you have said will make no difference to the naughty boy.

　　你所说的不会对这个淘气的男孩起什么作用的。

　　③The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell the difference.

　　这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难分辨出来。

　　【对点练习】

　　用difference的相关短语完成下列句子

　　①正是通过坚定的信念和汗水，我才使得我的内心和外貌与众不同。(2011·四川阅读A)

　　It's through commitment and sweat that I can make_a_difference within myself inside and out.

　　②你说什么对我都没关系。

　　What you say makes_no_difference to me.

　　　①temporary adj. 暂时的；临时的

　　temporarily adv.

　　暂时地

　　variety n.

　　变化；多样(化)；多变(性)

　　各种各样的

　　③over and over again

　　反复；多次

　　④pressure n.

　　压力；挤压；压迫(感)

　　under the pressure of

　　在……的压力下

　　【对点练习】

　　选词填空

　　①All of them arrived late for a_variety_of reasons.

　　②I've warned you over_and_over_again not to do that.

　　③Her health broke down under_the_pressure of work.

　　④We're going to lose our first violinist, temporarily.

　　1.Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.

　　除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。

　　【句型透视】unless是连词，意为“除非；如果不”，引导的是一个肯定条件状语从句，从句有时可以与if ... not ... 引导的否定状语从句互换。

　　The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15 mph, unless otherwise posted.(2017·天津阅读A)

　　校园自行车限速每小时15英里，除非另有公告。

　　We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or it's very cold.

　　除非下雨或天很冷，否则我们将在本周日去公园野餐。

　　【对点练习】

　　Ⅰ.选词填空(unless/if)

　　①Unless you have tried it, you can't imagine how pleasant it is.

　　②If you have not tried it, you can't imagine how pleasant it is.

　　Ⅱ.完成句子

　　③Unless_you_have_tried_it,_you can't imagine how pleasant it is.(try)

　　除非你尝试一下，否则你无法想象那是多么令人愉快。

　　④Misunderstandings arising from lack of social communi­cation, unless handled_properly,_may lead to serious problems.(handle)

　　因缺少社会沟通而产生的误解，如果不妥善处理，可能会导致严重的问题。

　　2.John was_studying in his room when he heard screaming.

　　约翰正在房间学习，这时他听到了一声尖叫。

　　【句型透视】(1)be doing ... when ... 表示“正在做……这时突然……”，其中when 为并列连词，表示“这时；突然”，相当于and at this/that time。

　　We were discussing the problem when there was a power failure.

　　我们正在讨论那个问题，这时停电了。

　　(2)具有相同含义的句型还有：

　　be about to do ... when ... 正要做……这时(突然)……

　　be (just) going to do ... when ...

　　正要做……这时(突然)……

　　be on the point of doing ... when ...

　　正要做……这时(突然)……

　　had just done ... when ...

　　刚做了……这时(突然)……

　　The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady's handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.

　　小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提包中，这时公共汽车突然停了。

　　They had just finished the work when it rained.

　　他们刚完成工作，就在这时下雨了。

　　【关键一点】　when除了用作并列连词外，还可以作为从属连词，引导状语从句，意为“当……时候；如果；然后；既然；却；可是”等。

　　【对点练习】

　　Ⅰ.写出下列句中when的含义

　　①We were just about to leave when Jerry arrived.这时

　　②Why use wood when you can use plastic？既然

　　③We have only three books when we need five.可是

　　④I stayed till noon, when I went home.然后

　　Ⅱ.完成句子

　　⑤Last night I was about to call Mr.Stone when I found_my_cellphone_missing.(find)

　　昨晚我正要给斯通先生打电话，这时我发现我的手机不见了。

　　⑥She was_practising_surfing_when a shark struck her, biting off her left arm.(practise)

　　她正在练习冲浪，这时突然一条鲨鱼袭击她，咬掉了她的左臂。

　　Ⅰ.单词拼写

　　1．He was breathing only with the aid (帮助) of a ventilator (呼吸器)．

　　2．Consideration for other people is vital (至关重要的) to all of us.

　　3．Now I try to treat (对待) everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are.

　　4．The nurse is applying (涂) some medicine to his wound.

　　5．The Sahara Desert is a natural barrier (屏障) between North and Central Africa.

　　6．Red can cause a person's blood pressure (压力) to rise and increase people's appetites.

　　7．They arrived two and a half hours before the ceremony (仪式) and walked the red carpet.

　　8．These men made themselves famous for their courage and bravery (勇敢)．

　　9．This arrangement is only temporary (临时的) and it will only last two months.

　　10．Mr.Lee came up with a complex (复杂的) theory, which is hard to understand.

　　Ⅱ.选词填空

　　1．There is no_doubt that it is his achievements that have won him the Nobel Prize.

　　2．Applied_to the work, he finished it ahead of time.

　　3．It's vital that we should never lower safety standards.

　　4．The medical team left the village with great satisfaction, having treated a lot of local

　　villagers.

　　5．Wood gives off much smoke when_burning.

　　6．Falling_ill has left John far behind others, but his teachers are trying to help him.

　　7．A_number_of tourists are attracted to visit the carnival here every year.

　　8．Putting things in_place will bring much convenience to your life.

　　Ⅲ.根据汉语提示，选用练习Ⅱ中的句子加入适当过渡词后联句成篇

　　1．每年许多游客都被吸引来参观这里的狂欢节。

　　2．木材在燃烧时会冒出很多的烟导致环境污染。

　　3．我们绝不能降低安全标准，这是至关重要的，因为生命是世界上最宝贵的。

　　A number of tourists are attracted to visit the carnival here every year.However, wood gives off much smoke when burning, which results in air pollution.It's vital that we should never lower safety standards as life is the most valuable in the world.

　　Ⅰ.多项选择

　　1．Although her relatives didn't think she could live for three months, the old doctor finally ________ her of her disease.

　　A．curedB．operated

　　C．treated

　　D．served

　　解析：选A　cure sb. of a disease“治愈某人某病”；treat sb. for a disease“治疗某人某病”。故选A。

　　2．(2017·武汉市武昌区高三联考)When ________ a job, you should highlight your experience and skills.

　　A．accounting for

　　B．interviewing for

　　C．applying for

　　D．searching for

　　解析：选C　句意：求职时，你应该突出你的经验和技能。根据句意可知，applying for“申请”正确。account for“解释；说明”；interview for“为……面试”；search for“搜索”。

　　3．Your casual clothes were not ________ for such a formal occasion. You'd better get changed.

　　A．aggressive

　　B．appropriate

　　C．temporary

　　D．permanent

　　解析：选B　考查形容词词义。aggressive“侵略的，侵犯的”；appropriate“适当的；合适的”；temporary“暂时的；临时的”；permanent“永久的；不变的”。由句意可知B项正确。

　　4．You have to be very exact in this job, because a small mistake can make a big ________.

　　A．similarity

　　B．explanation

　　C．instruction

　　D．difference

　　解析：选D　make a big difference“产生很大影响”，符合句意。similarity“类似；相似”；explanation“解释；说明”；instruction“命令；指示”。

　　5．An experienced doctor usually judges a patient's illness according to the various ________.

　　A．signs

　　B．symptoms

　　C．signals

　　D．marks

　　解析：选B　考查名词词义辨析。sign“信号，暗号”；symptom “症状”；signal“预兆，信号”；mark“印，记号，符号”。由句意可知选B项。

　　6．Interest is as ________ to learning as the ability to understand, even more so.

　　A．vital

　　B．available

　　C．specific

　　D．similar

　　解析：选A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于学习来说，兴趣如同理解能力一样重要， 甚至更重要。be vital to ...“对……极其重要”。根据句意可知，应用vital。

　　7．Millions of people are still homeless. Besides, there isn't the most basic ________ from the Red Cross.

　　A．medicine　

　　B．equipment

　　C．aid

　　D．material

　　解析：选C　句意：数百万人仍然无家可归，此外，连来自红十字会的最基本的救助都没有。aid“帮助；援助”，符合句意。medicine“医药；医学”；equipment“设备”；material“材料”。

　　8．They have earned lots of money, so I ________ believe that the business is a success.

　　A．mildly

　　B．firmly

　　C．actively

　　D．tightly

　　解析：选B　从“They have earned lots of money”可知，“我”坚信(firmly believe)生意是成功的。mildly “温和地；轻微地”； actively “积极地；活跃地”； tightly “紧紧地”。

　　9．He thought ________， yet he still couldn't remember where he had put his keys.

　　A．over and over again

　　B．all in all

　　C．from time to time

　　D．now and then

　　解析：选A　over and over again“反复；多次”；all in all“总而言之”；from time to time“不断地”；now and then“时而；不时地”。

　　10．(2017·天门模拟)With all the arrangements ________ for my parents' visit, I rang to confirm their time of arrival.

　　A．in sight

　　B．in return

　　C．in vain

　　D．in place

　　解析：选D　句意：我父母来访的所有准备都已就绪，我便打电话给他们确认他们到达的时间。in sight“在视野范围内；看得见”；in return“作为回报”；in vain“徒劳”；in place“准备就绪”。由此可知，D符合语境。

　　Ⅱ.完成句子

　　1．(2017·荆州调研)Little Tom got burned while he was setting off fireworks, being_treated in hospital now.(treat)

　　小汤姆在放烟火时被烧伤了，现在正在医院救治。

　　2．I donated $10,000 to the girl, which_aided_her_in continuing her study.(aid)

　　我捐给了那个女孩10 000美元，帮助她继续她的学业。

　　3．The number of people infected with AIDS could reach 10 million by 2020unless__effective_measures_are_taken_to prevent the spread of the disease.(measure)

　　除非采取有效措施来阻止疾病的传播，不然，到2020年感染艾滋病的人数会达到一千万。

　　4．(2017·湖北省八校联考)The two men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when_they_were_thrown violently into the sea.(throw)

　　那两人还没来得及意识到发生什么时，就被猛烈地抛进了大海。

　　5．(2017·武汉高三训练)People have_been_receiving financial aid since they lost their homes, jobs and businesses to the storm last month.(receive)

　　自从在上个月的暴风雨中失去了家园、工作和公司，(灾区的)人们一直在接受资金援助。

　　6._Applying_himself_to_doing his research, he took no notice of what was going on outside.(apply)

　　专心做他的研究，他不知道外界发生的事。

　　7．Falling_ill_with_a_high_fever,_she had to take a few days off.(fall)

　　她发高烧病倒了，所以不得不请几天假。

　　8．Generally speaking, when

　　taken_according_to_directions,_the drug has no side­effect.(take)

　　一般说来，按照说明服药，这种药是没有副作用的。

　　9．Be careful when you deal with this chemical, as it will explode when_(it_is)_exposed_to sunlight.(expose)

　　当你处理这种化学药品时要小心，因为当它暴露在阳光下时会爆炸。

　　10．I have to apologize to you for_pouring_coffee_into_your_cup by mistake.(pour)

　　我得向你道歉，我错把咖啡倒在你的杯子里了。

　　Ⅲ.阅读理解

　　A

　　On the way home from his job at a bakery in Wainscott, New York, one August evening, Craig Schum, 33, stopped his car at the East Hampton Airport. A group was protesting against airplane noise, and Schum, who had kicked off his shoes, got out of the car.

　　Within seconds, though, Schum saw something astonishing. A small plane dived and crashed into the woods about 100 yards from the runway. “I don't remember making the decision that I should go to help out，” he recalls. “I just started running.”

　　Schum ran across the street barefoot, climbed over a six­foot­high chain­link fence, and dashed about 100 yards toward the woods. When he got there, he discovered 51­year­old pilot Stephen Bochter, his head bleeding, beside the burning plane. Bochter's passenger, his wife, Kim Brillo, was on the ground, unconscious. “She had blood all over her，” says Schum. “I thought she was dead.”

　　Jack Gleeson, 17, a high school student working a summer job at the airport, caught up with Schum and, with Bochter's help, lifted the chain­link fence and brought Brillo underneath it out. Moments later, the entire plane exploded.

　　After the rescue team arrived, Bochter and Brillo were airlifted to a nearby hospital and treated for cuts, injuries and Brillo's broken arm. Bochter, an experienced pilot, later said that the plane's electrical system had failed shortly after take­off. He had been attempting to land at the East Hampton Airport when the plane began to drop suddenly. He managed to level the wings before crashing into the woods.

　　“Everything was on fire, and Schum came out of nowhere to save us，” says Bochter. “We're blessed to have lived through it.”

　　1. Why did Craig Schum stop his car at the East Hampton Airport?

　　A．He wanted to have a rest.

　　B．He saw a protesting group.

　　C．He noticed a plane crash.

　　D．He needed to kick off his shoes.

　　解析：选B　细节理解题。由第一段的第二句“A group was protesting against airplane noise, and Schum, who had kicked off his shoes, got out of the car.” 可知答案为B。

　　2．When he saw the plane crash into the woods, Schum ________.

　　A．was frightened to death

　　B．rushed away from the spot

　　C．came to rescue immediately

　　D．asked for help without delay

　　解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段的最后两句可知C项正确。

　　3. What's the proper order of the following events?

　　a．A small plane crashed into the woods.

　　b．Brillo was taken away from the spot.

　　c．The couple was sent to a nearby hospital.

　　d．Bochter took several self­help actions.

　　e．Schum ran to rescue the survivors.

　　A．a→e→b→c→d

　　B．d→a→e→b→c

　　C．a→e→d→c→b

　　D．d→e→a→b→c

　　解析：选B　细节理解题。解决本题的关键是区分a、d两项的顺序，d项虽是出现在文章最后，但表达的内容却是飞行员所回忆的坠机之前采取的一些自救措施，故应排在首位，其他选项干扰性不大，根据文章内容可简单推出答案为B。

　　4. What might be the best title of the text?

　　A．A Lucky Escape

　　B．A Curious Baker

　　C．A Reward for Kindness

　　D．A Bad Landing after Take­off

　　解析：选A　标题归纳题。从飞机出现故障并坠落到Schum帮助飞行员和他的妻子脱险可以看出，A项“一次幸运的逃离”为最佳标题。

　　B

　　(2017·皖南八校联考)Are healthy people happier than seriously ill ones? Not necessarily.

　　In a study described in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, a group of

　　people with end­stage kidney (肾) failure were provided with electronic

　　devices that required them to record their moods at various times throughout the day. For comparison, a group of healthy volunteers used the same devices. When researchers had studied the results, they found that the levels of happiness were about the same for the two groups.

　　The researchers, led by Dr. Jason Riis of Princeton when he was a graduate student at the University of Michigan, also found that the healthy

　　people greatly overestimated (估计过高) how unhappy the sick ones would be. And the sick people overestimated how happy the healthy ones would be.

　　For the study, 49 kidney disease patients who were undergoing dialysis (透析) sections three times a week were given personal digital assistants, as 49 healthy volunteers were matched to the patients by age, race, education and sex.

　　When the devices beeped, the subjects were asked to rate their mood on a 5­point scale,

　　with 2 defined as “very pleasant” and minus 2 defined as “very unpleasant”.

　　On average, the kidney patients rated their mood as 0.70, while the healthy subjects rated

　　it as 0.83.

　　The participants were also asked to describe other emotions they might be feeling, including joy and anxiety, and to describe their levels of physical comfort. And sometimes they were asked, “How do you feel about your life as a whole？”

　　A better understanding of how well people are able to adapt to poor health, the researchers said, could help doctors and patients make wiser choices about their medical care. Earlier studies have also found that seriously ill patients described themselves as being happy.

　　But these patients were not given a chance to answer questions about their mood privately and repeatedly over a period of time, Dr. Riis said, and so it was unclear how accurate their responses were.

　　5．What can be learnt from the study?

　　A．The electronic devices used are digital assistants for dialysis.

　　B．The levels of happiness are little affected by health condition.

　　C．All the subjects are of the same age, race, sex and education.

　　D．Both patients and healthy people overestimate their own happiness.

　　解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，肾病患者和健康人的幸福指数几乎一样，由此推断出健康状况几乎对幸福指数没有影响。

　　6．In the research, the subjects' ratings of their mood levels were_________ on

　　average.

　　A．vague

　　B．negative

　　C．positive

　　D．neutral

　　解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段第三句可知病人与健康人的幸福指数都是正数，是中等偏上的，所以选positive。

　　7．One of Dr. Riis' concerns about the results of the earlier studies was

　　whether ________.

　　A．it reflected what the patients really thought

　　B．it revealed the patients' privacy

　　C．the questions for the patients were repeated

　　D．the assignment for all subjects was accurate

　　解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第四段中最后一句可知，Dr. Riis说病人没机会回答关于他们情绪的问题，因此不清楚调查结果是否反映了病人的真实想法。

　　8．The research was done in order to ________.

　　A．help patients adapt to poor health

　　B．learn patients' average level of happiness

　　C．find the distinction between the healthy and unhealthy people

　　D．define the extent to which health condition affects happiness

　　解析：选D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，调查研究表明病人和健康的幸福指数的几乎一样，因此这项研究旨在确定健康状况对幸福的影响。

　　写作技能提升(二)　(半)开放作文(如何写好开头——首段要有力)

　　[题目要求]

　　请根据以下提示，结合生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文。

　　The ant philosophy is: never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can.

　　注意：无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；

　　除诗歌外，文体不限；

　　文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；

　　词数不少于120。

　　好的开头对一篇文章来说是至关重要的。要注意以下几点：

　　1．开门见山

　　根据英语提示语，第一段要明确地表明自己的观点，或营造一种背景。

　　2．言简意赅

　　语言要简短有力，这样可以给阅卷人一个强烈印象和冲击力。第一段切忌拖沓。倘若用了大量的篇幅来表达观点或阐述道理，那就没有足够的空间来把第二段的事例写充分。

　　3．句式丰富

　　第一段虽然短，也能显示作者的英语表达实力，因此，哪怕只有一句话，也要尽量使用复合句或固定表达法。

　　4．词汇高级

　　恰当使用高级词汇会让你的文章与众不同，印象深刻。[现场演练]

　　——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

　　满分范文

　　It is universally acknowledged that only with perseverance can we achieve our goals and reach true success.②I learn it through my own experience.

　　I suddenly became interested in playing badminton one day and began practicing it though some of my classmates laugh at me saying that I would never play badminton well because I am not very tall.No matter what they say, I just kept on practicing almost every day after school.In order to improve my skill I consulted some professional players.With two years passing by, I won the champion of our school sports meeting.All the students and teachers congratulated me on my success.

　　From this story, I am firmly convinced that it was my determination, self­confidence and never giving­up that help me achieve my success.

　　满分缘由

　　1．结构布局

　　本文开头只有两句话，言简意赅，观点鲜明。

　　2．亮点词汇

　　universally, acknowledge, perseverance, achieve one's goal, reach true success

　　3．亮点句式

　　第①句包含It is universally acknowledged that的固定表达法和倒装；

　　第句承上启下，使文章自然过渡。

　　[句式改写]　用其他结构改写句

　　1．毫无疑问，只有通过不懈的努力我们才能实现目标，获得真正的成功。

　　There is no doubt that only with perseverance can we achieve our goals and reach true success.(doubt)

　　2．我们应该记住的是只有通过不懈的努力我们才能实现目标，获得真正的成功。(用主语从句)

　　What we should keep in mind is that only with perseverance can we achieve our goals and reach true success.(keep)

　　3．用强调结构改写句

　　It is only with perseverance that we achieve our goals and reach true success.

　　请根据以下提示，结合生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文。

　　No matter how painful or how uncomfortable it is to admit your wrongdoing, you should always choose to face it instead of running away from it.Hard as it is, it shapes us.

　　注意：无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；

　　除诗歌之外，文体不限；

　　内容必须结合生活中的一个事例；

　　词数不少于120。

　　[要求]　请完成作文的首段。

　　参考范文：

　　Despite the fact that it is painful to admit our wrongdoings, never should we run away from it.Only if we keep correcting the mistakes we make can we shape our good character.

　　A wrongdoing I did in my childhood will never fade away from my memory.When I was a boy, a cap gun was my favorite.Every day I carried it and practiced shooting with it.One day, I played by the river where a group of ducks were swimming.Considering a cap gun may not hurt the duck, I aimed at one and shot it.To my surprise, the duck struggled for a while and finally died.Seeing nobody was looking, I hid the duck under some grass, thinking it wouldn't be discovered.Then came countless nights when I was always woken up in nightmares.

　　All in all, running away from wrongdoings can result in nothing but suffering.So facing up to it is the best choice.