Unit3 The Million Pound Bank Note
1、permit v.&n.
根据语境猜词义
(1) We don't permit middle school students to surf the Internet to play computer games.
(2) Hurry up! Our teacher permitted us only twenty minutes to finish the work.
根据语义找匹配:A. 允许 B. 准许
(1) A (2) B
permit vt. 允许,许可 n. 通行证;许可证;执照
permission n. 允许;准许
permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
permit of许可;准许
ask for permission 请求允许
with/without one's permission
在某人的准许下/没获得某人的允许
allow/permit
allow所表示的“允许”通常含有听任、默许、个人不加阻止之意;
The students in this school are not allowed to surf the Internet in the Net bar.
permit含有(文件、上级规定)的“允许”,带有客观意味,语气较强。
The nurse allowed him to stay there, though it was not permitted.
(1)permit 作为动词和作为名词时的发音不同。
(2)作为名词的permit与permission的语义不同。
(3)注意allow, permit, forbid和advise所构成的基本句式是相同的。以allow为例:
sb. sth.
doing sth.
+ 形容词性物主代词(one's) + doing sth.
+ 宾格代词(如him)+ to do sth.
sb. is allowed to do sth.
allow
完成句子
(1)除非你有许可证,未经允许不能在此处停车。
You are not
allowed to park here without permission unless you have a permit.
(2)天气允许的话,我们就出去郊游。你们跟我们一块去如何?
Weather permitting, we will go out for an outing. What about you going with us?
单项填空
()(3) Jim's father didn't ______ him to join the school football team.
A. let
B. promise
C. permit
D. hope
C 考查动词的搭配。let sb. do让某人干某事; promise sb. to do向某人许诺干某事,意思不符;hope不用动词不定式作宾补;permit sb. to do sth.允许某人干某事。
2、fault n.
根据语境猜词义
(1) Don't scold yourself too much, you know, nobody lives without any fault.
(2) It's my fault to have you waiting for so long a time.
根据语义找匹配:A. 错误 B. 过失
(1) A (2) B
find fault with 挑……的毛病;找……茬;对……挑剔;对……吹毛求疵
in/at fault 有错;有责任
be one's fault 是……的过错
It's one's fault to do sth. 做某事是某人的过错。
fault/ mistake/ wrong/ error
fault n. 强调行为上的过失以及过失的责任或品质方面的缺点。
Many people live in poverty through no fault of their own.
mistake n. 多指缺乏正确理解造成行动上或认识上的错误或因粗心而导致的。固定搭配by mistake。
Sorry, here is your umbrella. I took it by mistake.
wrong adj. 错误的; n. 毛病;冤屈
Don't do wrong to anybody, otherwise you will answer for it.
error 强调的是道德上的过失或行为、信仰上的错误。固定搭配in error。
The accident was caused by human error.
用fault/mistake/wrong/error的正确形式填空
(1)是你的过错导致了这样的错误。
It's your fault to make such a mistake.
(2)他的话使我们误入歧途。
What he said led us into errors.
(3)他就是这样的一个人,总是找别人的茬。
He is such a man who is always finding fault with other people.
单项填空
()(4) “I don't think it's my______ that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, that's all,” said the boy.
A. error
B. mistake
C. fault
D. duty
C 本题考查的是同义词辨析。 error, mistake侧重于“错误”,即做得不对、不妥;而fault侧重于造成错误的个人责任;duty则是指义务、该做的事。这个男孩说:“我认为电视机爆炸不是我的责任。我只是把它打开,仅此而已。”说明不是我的过错而造成的,所以答案是C。
3、spot n.&v.
根据语境猜词义
(1) He spotted a friend in the street and went over to her.
(2) No one spotted that the banknote was fake.
(3) There are spots even on the sun.
(4) There are a lot of spots to visit in such an old city.
(5) The scandal(丑闻) spotted his character.
(6) Whenever she was in a spot she turned to him for help.
(7) He answered the question on the spot.
根据语义找匹配:A. 看见 B. 发现 C. 场所,景点 D. 污点 E. 玷污 F. 现场 G. 困境
(1)A (2) B (3) D (4) C (5) E
(6) G (7) F
hot spot 热点
on the spot 在现场;立刻,当场
a spot of 少许;少量
in a spot 陷入麻烦
单项填空
()The tomato juice left a brown ______ on the front of my jacket.
A. track
B. trace
C. spot
D. point
C 考查名词的辨析。track行踪,小径,轨道;trace踪迹,足迹,痕迹;spot斑点,污点,地点;point点,尖。根据语境:番茄汁在我的夹克前留下了褐色的斑点。所以答案是C。
4、account
n.&vt.
根据语境猜词义
(1) Recent pressure may account for his behavior.
(2) I paid money into my account this morning.
(3) The advertising agency has lost several of its most important accounts.
根据语义找匹配:
A. 客户 B. 账户 C. 说明(的原因)
(1) C (2) B (3) A
on account 赊账
on your own account 靠自己
on account of 由于
on no account 绝不;绝无理由 (在句首需倒装)
from/by all accounts 根据大家的说法;根据各种报道
open an account (在银行)开个账户
of no account 不重要
give a full account of 对……进行详细的说明
take account of = take…into account 考虑到
account for 解释,说明(……的原因)
单项填空
()______ should any money be given to a small child.
A. On no account
B. From all accounts
C. Of no account
D. By all accounts
A 考查名词词组。 on no account决不可以;from all accounts和by all accounts均意为“根据各种说法”;of no account不重要,通常作表语或定语。
5、patience n.
根据语境猜词义
(1) I will be through with it in a little while. Have a little patience.
(2) After waiting for half an hour, he was beginning to lose patience.
根据语义找匹配:A. 耐心 B. 忍耐力
(1) B (2) A
patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人
patiently adv. 有耐心地
be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心 with patience 耐心地
have no patience with… 对……忍无可忍
根据语境,用patient的正确形式填空
The doctor explained to the (1) patient with (2) patience “Take your time. I am (3) patient with you. You have to wait (4) patiently .”
(1)patient名词 “病人”;(2)
patience 名词 “耐心”;(3) patient 形容词 “耐心的”;(4) patiently副词 “耐心地”。
本题的语义是:医生耐心地给病人解释,慢慢来,我对你是有耐心的。你得要耐心等待。
6、 bring up
根据语境猜词义
(1) He will be brought_up by the government after his parent has been killed in the earthquake.
(2) If you have any suggestion about the project, please bring it up at the next meeting.
(3) Click with the right mouse button to bring_up a new menu.
根据语义找匹配:A. 调出 B. 抚养 C. 提出
(1)B (2)C (3)A
bring about 导致,引起,造成 bring along (随身)带来
bring back 归还,恢复,使想起
bring forward 提出
bring down 使倒下,降低,减少
bring in 带进来,赚得,引进
bring out 拿出,说出,阐明,使(思想)转变
bring/take/fetch/carry
bring “带来”,强调从远处到近处。
Don't forget to bring your textbook next time.
take “带走”, 强调从近处到远处。
This type of computer is out of date, please take it away and bring an uptodate one.
fetch “去拿来”,强调一去一回。
Sorry, I have forgotten to bring my textbook here. Would you please fetch it for me in my office.
carry “携带,搬运,传送”,一般指随身带着,没有方向性。
We often help the old man carry water after school.
用bring/take/fetch/carry的正确形式填空
(1) I asked Lily to fetch me a Chinese book, but she brought me an English book, so I told her to take it back to the teacher's office.
单项填空
()(2) The Internet has brought ______ big changes in the way we work.
A. about
B. out
C. back
D. up
A 本句话的语义是:互联网给我们的工作方式带来了一些大的变化。bring about导致,引起,造成; bring out拿出,说出,阐明; bring back 归还,恢复,使想起; bring up 抚养;提出,所以答案是A。
()(3) Can you make a sentence to ______ the meaning of the phrase?
A. show off
B. turn out
C. bring out
D. take in
C 本句话的语义是:你能造个句子说明这个短语的语义吗?show off 炫耀,张扬;turn out证明,生产,出版,结果是,造就;bring out拿出,说出,阐明;take in 吸收,蒙骗,所以答案是C。
7、 go ahead
(1)是英语口语中的一个常用短语,用于鼓励对方去做或说,有“请吧”、“做吧”或“说吧”之意。
—I wonder if you'd mind us asking you a few questions.
—Go right ahead.
7、 go ahead
(2) 用于问路,表示“一直往前走”。
— Excuse me, sir. Can you show me the way to the station?
— Go ahead until you come to the traffic lights and then turn left.
——劳驾,到火车站怎么走呢?
——一直往前,到红绿灯时向左拐。
(3)go ahead还可表示“着手干;取得进展”的意思,同with连用可表示“继续做……”。
After a short break, they went ahead with their experiment.
稍事休息后,他们又继续做实验。
在回应别人向你借东西时,表示“请便,随便拿吧”,我们要用help yourself。
go against 违背;对……不利 (无被动语态)
go after 追赶;追求
go around (疾病的)传播; 流传
go about 着手做;处理
go away 出去
go by 走过去; (时间)流逝;按照,根据……作判断
go in for 爱好;对……感兴趣;参与
go out 出去; (火、灯等)熄灭
go over 检查;复习;批阅
go through 穿过;通过;浏览;翻阅;经历
go up 上升;上涨;往上走
go without 没有……也行
go on 继续; 从事; (时间)流逝
go down (价格) 下降;(太阳)落山
go with 与……相配
单项填空
()(1) — Why not go to a concert about rock'n'roll with us tonight?
— Thank you, but I don't ______ rock 'n' roll. It's much too noisy for my taste.
A. go after
B. go away with
C. go into
D. go in for
D 考查与go相关的短语。本句的语义是:—— 今晚为何不与我们一起去听一场摇滚音乐会呢?—— 谢谢,但是我不喜欢摇滚乐。它太闹腾而不适合我的口味。go after 追赶;追求;go away with和某人一起出去;go into走进;go in for 爱好;对……感兴趣;参与,所以答案是D。
D 本题语义是:替我仔细检查一下这个表格看看我是否填对了。take off 脱下(衣物),(飞机)起飞,(事业)腾达;look after 照料; give up放弃; go over 复习,仔细看,所以答案是D。
()(2) Would you please ______ this form for me to see if I've filled it in right?
A. take off
B. look after
C. give up
D. go over
()(3) — I've studied growing plants as one of my interests. Could I make some suggestions?
— ______.
A. You will make it
B. Go right ahead
C. Don't mention it
D. Take it easy
B 考查交际用语。本题语义是:—— 我已把学习种庄稼作为兴趣之一。我可以提出一些意见吗?—— 提吧。You will make it你会搞定的;Go right ahead鼓励对方去做;Don't mention it多用于对感谢的回应,表示“区区小事,何足挂齿”之意;Take it easy多用于对焦虑的劝慰,表示“别着急”。
()(4) — Didn't you have a good time at the party?
— Of course I did. As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time seemed to ______ so quickly.
A. go by
B. go away
C. go out
D. go over
A 考查与go相关的短语。本句的语义是:—— 难道在聚会时玩得不开心吗?—— 当然开心喽。实际上,我玩得是那么的开心,时间好像很快就过去了。go by(时间)流逝;go away离开; go out出去; go over 复习,仔细看,所以答案是A。
8、It is the summer of 1903. (P17)
那是1903年的夏天。
summer是季节名词。一般地说,表示一年四季的季节名词前不能加冠词。
It is cold in winter, and hot in summer here.
这儿的气候是冬寒夏热。
但在下列情况下,要加冠词:
(1) 当这些名词表示的是一段时间而不表示季节概念时。
I appreciate spending the summer in Qingdao in summer.
我特别喜欢夏季在青岛过夏天。
(2) 具体的某一季节。
In the spring of 1998, an old man came here. Since then great changes have taken place.
在1998年的春天,一位老人来到这里,从此以后就发生了天翻地覆的变化。
(3) 固定结构中。在all through / throughout 介词后,表示“一整个……”的意思。
They will sleep all through / throughout the winter.
他们会睡一整个冬天。
9、Who? Me,_sir? (P17)
先生,你叫谁呀?是叫我吗?
一般地说,人称代词作主语用其主格;作宾语用其宾格;作定语用其形容词性物主代词;用名词性物主代词以代替“形容词性物主代词+先行词”。但在口语中,现代语言学家认为:在无动词的句子里,往往用代词的宾格形式。
— Would you lend me your hand?
— Me? Of course. I can.
——你能给我帮下忙吗?
——我吗? 当然可以。
10、his eyes stare at_what is left of the brother's dinner on table(P18)
他的眼睛盯着兄弟俩留在餐桌上的残羹剩菜
你知道句中的at what为什么不用at which吗?
问题的关键是要搞清楚是介词的宾语从句还是定语从句。如果是介词的宾语从句,它所构成的是“介词+连接词”;如果是定语从句,它所构成的是“介词+关系代词”。
其前没有名词或代词时,它只可能是“介词+连接词”所构成的宾语从句。其前有名词或代词时,我们可以把这个名词放到介词后,再把它代入到从句中,看看是否成立,成立就是定语从句,指人,用whom;指物,就用which,如:
You have written a perfect composition except that there are some spelling mistakes.
除了一些拼写错误以外,你的作文是无可挑剔的。(无法把composition放到介词except后,所以是宾语从句,从句中不缺少句子成分,也没有语义的丢失。)
I will go to the farm on which I will work with the farmers for two years.
我要去农场,在那儿我要和农民们一起劳动两年。(the farm可以放入到介词on后,再代入从句中,可以放在地点状语的位置,所以是定语从句,指物,用which。)
用恰当的连接词或关系词填空
(1)I often go out for a walk after dinner every day except
when it was raining.
(2)I'll never forget the days in which we worked together.
11、compare v.
根据语境猜词义
(1) If you compare house prices in the two areas, it's quite amazing how different they are.
(2) Compare some recent work with your older stuff and you'll see how much you've improved.
(3) The rides at the fair just can't compare_with the rides at Disneyland.
(4) Poets have compared sleep to death.
根据语义找匹配:A. 把……与……比较 B. 把……比作…… C. 比较 D. 和某人 / 某事相比或值得相比
(1) C (2) A (3) D (4) B
compare A with B/compare A and B 把 A 与 B 比较
compare A to B 把A比作B
compare with sb. / sth.和某人、某事相比或值得相比
beyond compare 无可比拟;举世无双
compare v. 比较, 对照,比喻
comparison n. 比较, 对照,比喻,比较关系
comparative adj. 相对的
comparatively adv.
单项填空
()(1) When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared
B. being compared
C. comparing
D. having compared
C 本题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。其语义是:在比较不同的文化时,我们经常仅仅注意它们之间的不同之处而忽略了许多相似之处。依据“连接词+分词”结构中的分词选择原则,我们只需考虑分词与主语的逻辑关系。主动,用v.ing形式;被动,用v.ed形式。“我们”和“比较”是主动关系,所以答案是C。
()(2) ______with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare
B. When comparing
C. Comparing
D. When compared
D 本题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。其语义是:与整个地球面积相比,最大的海洋似乎一点都不大了。依据“连接词+分词”结构中的分词选择原则,排除B、C;又由于是状语,不能用祈使句,排除A,所以答案是D。
12、The old bridge isn't strong enough_to allow the passage of heavy vehicles. (P20)
这座古桥不够结实不允许重型车辆通过。
本句含有not…enough to do sth.句式,表达“不够……而不能……”的语义。有时还可以用“not…enough for…”表达。
The kid is not old enough to go to school.
这个小孩年龄不够大而不能上学。
He is not tall enough for the apple on the shelf.
他个头不高而够不到橱柜上的苹果。
在形成can't / never…enough句式时,我们要特别注意对它的语义理解。它所表达的意思是:“怎么样都不为过”或“越……越好”。
One can't be careful enough.
一个人怎么小心都不为过。(越认真越好。)
13、Yes, that's_right. (P22)是的,没错。
That's right/That's all right/All right
That's right 对上述意见的赞同,表示“没错、你说得对、对”的意思。可以用 You are right 或Right 代替。
— No road is long with company.
— That's right.
That's all right 是对道歉的应答,表示“没关系”的意思。
— James, I am sorry I used your computer when you were away this morning.
— That' all right.
All right 是对别人请求做某事的同意,表示“行、可以”的意思。
— Can you go out for a walk with us after supper?
— All right.
14、…it_is_wellknown_that Americans like to eat a lot. ……众所周知美国人就喜欢大吃大喝。
这是It is + v.ed + that…所构成的主语从句句式。it是形式主语,thatclause是真正的主语。由于主语从句太长,为了避免头重脚轻现象而采取的修辞手段。it只能用it,不能用其他代词;that不可省略,也不是固定不变的,它要依据从句中缺少的句子成分加以变化,所以在处理这一问题时,我们一定不要思维定势。
It is known that he is the top student in our class.
众所周知他是我们班出类拔萃的学生。
It is unknown what he is murmuring.
没人知道他嘟哝着什么。
It's suggested that the meeting (should) be put off on account of the heavy rain.
有人建议由于这场大雨而推迟会议。
It is said that… 据说……
It is reported that… 据报道……
It is announced that… 据宣称……
It is suggested that… 有人建议……
[注意从句要用虚拟语气,其形式是(should)do sth.]
要注意另外的两个相似句式:
As is + v.ed, …
What is + v.ed is that…
As is reported, there are 12 persons killed in the traffic accident, including a tenmonth baby.
What's reported is that there are 12 persons killed in the traffic accident, including a tenmonth baby.
单项填空
()(1) ______ is known to the world is ______ Mark Twain is a great American writer.
A. It; that
B. What; /
C. As; /
D. What; that
D 考查连接词的选择。本题的语义是:全世界都知道马克·吐温是美国的一位伟大的作家。在第二个is之前是一个主语从句。主语从句中所缺少的是主语,指事,所以用what。第二个空在is之后是表语从句,从句中不缺少成分,也没有语义的丢失,所以用that,因此答案是D。
()(2) ______ has been announced, we must hand in our graduation papers before the end of June.
A. As
B. It
C. Which
D. What
A 考查从句连接词的选择。本题的语义是:正如所宣布的那样,我们在6月底之前必须交论文。依据“两句话之间没句号,必须有连接词”的原则,排除B; 根据语境,能代替we must hand in our graduation papers before the end of June应是一个非限制性定语从句,在句首时,只能用as,所以答案是A。
15、Well, that's very kind of you. (P22)
噢,那就太谢谢您啦。
在交际英语中,这往往被用来向别人对你的好意表示感谢的用语。它的回应是It's a /my pleasure. / My pleasure. 在这里要注意that 的使用。因为它所代表的是上文所做的事情,所以它往往要用that而不用it。 it是形式主语,它所代表的是to do sth. 。
15、Well, that's very kind of you. (P22)
噢,那就太谢谢您啦。
— You have given me so much help. That's very kind of you.
— My pleasure.
It's very kind of you to help me.
You have given me so much help, which is very kind of you.
16、…please_forget_it. (P22)
……请把它忘了吧。/……就别想那件事啦。
这是交际英语中常用的一句话。表示不要再想着说过的话或做过的事情。
— I'd like to take a week's holiday.
——我想度一周的假。
— Forget it, we're too busy.
——别提那档事啦。我们太忙了。
Don't mention it. 通常用在对感谢或道歉的交际活动中。有着“区区小事,何足挂齿”之意。
— Thank you for having given me so much help.
——谢谢您给了我那么多的帮助。
— Don't mention it.
——区区小事,何足挂齿。
() 1. (2009·四川)
— May I open the window to let in some fresh air?
— ______
A. Come on!
B. Take care!
C. Go ahead!
D. Hold on!
C 考查具体语境下的交际用语。根据语境可以知道:去开吧,去做吧。所以答案为C。容易误选A。come on 的意思是“算了吧!加油!”
HENRY: Not at all. Go_right_ahead. (P18)
2. (2008·天津)
— How much do I owe you for lunch?
— ______. It's nothing.
A. You're welcome
B. Forget it
C. With pleasure
D. That's right
B 由下句It's nothing. 可知,应为“不要把它放在心上”,即Forget it。
OWNER:Kind, sir? No, it's kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour! As for the bill, sir, please forget it. (P22)
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