【人教大纲版】2017届高考英语一轮复习精品学案：SBⅠUnits 13-14

　　SBⅠUnits 13-14

　　重点句型

　　1.Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was.(SBⅠ U13)

　　选择吃什么东西不再像以前那么容易

　　了。

　　what to do是“疑问词+不定式”的结构，在句中作宾语，另外这一结构也可作主语、表语、定语等。例如：

　　What to do next hasn’t been decided yet.（主语）

　　下一步该做什么还没有决定。

　　The question is how to finish the work in time.（表语）

　　问题是如何按时完成这项工作。

　　The key with which to open the door has been lost.

　　开这扇门的钥匙不见了。（定语）

　　①All the students except John ______________________________(知道怎么回答这个问题), because he fell asleep in class.

　　②They exchange their views ________________________________(关于选谁的问题)．

　　③I've worked with children before, so I know what ______ in my new job.

　　A. expected

　　B. to expect

　　C. to be expecting

　　D. expects

　　【答案】

　　①knew how to answer the question

　　②on the question of whom to elect

　　③B　to expect 充当宾语。

　　2. Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life. (SBⅠ U13)

　　只有这样我们才能作好充分准备，以应对生活中的挑战与机遇。

　　(1)“only+状语”置于句首时要用倒装句。即：only+副词/介词短语/状语从句＋助动词＋主语＋谓语动词

　　(2)“only+主语”位于句首时，主谓不能倒装。

　　Only Mary phoned me today.

　　只有玛丽今天给我打了电话。

　　①______________________(只有改变我们的生活方式我们才能) save the earth.

　　②______________________(只有当孩子长大时才) understand his parents' intention.

　　③______ you eat the correct foods ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.(2008·江苏卷)

　　A. Only if; will you

　　B. Only if; you will

　　C. Unless; will you

　　D. Unless; you will

　　【答案】

　　①Only by changing the way we live can we

　　②Only when a child grows up does he

　　③A　句意：只有正确饮食，你才能保持身材与健康。only+状语位于句首时，句子用倒装，此句为only+if引导的条件状语从句。

　　3.We must do as much as we can to make our community better and more beautiful. (SBⅠ U14)

　　我们必须尽力使我们的社区更好更美丽。

　　as…as we can是一个比较状语从句，意思为“尽可能，尽力”，情态动词can后省略了动词原形do。另外此结构中的不定式短语在句中作目的状语。

　　①We must __________________(尽可能多地做) to make the situation better.

　　②She saved as much as she could ______ her husband a Christmas gift.

　　A. buy

　　B. bought

　　C. to buy

　　D. buying

　　【答案】

　　①do as much as we can

　　②C　题意：为了给丈夫买圣诞礼物，她尽可能节省钱。不定式作目的状语。 课文原句高考对照

　　…， we had better learn to make the right choices about what and how we eat.

　　……我们最好学会对我们吃什么，怎么吃做出正确的决定。

　　You have to ______ a choice. Are you

　　going to leave the job or stay？(2008四

　　川卷)

　　　A. decide

　　B. get

　　C. do

　　D. make

　　解析：选D。句意：你不得不作出选择

　　，你是打算要放弃这份工作呢，还是要

　　留下来。

　　课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照

　　Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.

　　只有那样我们才能保证自己对生活中的挑战和机遇有充分的准备。

　　　Only when I left my parents for

　　Italy ______ how much I loved them.(2008重庆卷)

　　A. I realized

　　B. I had realized

　　C. had I realized

　　D. did I realize

　　解析：选D。句意：直到我离开父母去

　　意大利，我才意识到我有多爱她们。

　　语法精讲

　　——动词的时态

　　1.考纲要求考查的八种基本时态；

　　2.主句与从句谓语动词的时态呼应；

　　3.动词touch, feel, write, sell 等主动表示被动的用法；

　　4.系动词的用法；

　　5.延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法。

　　时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时的各种形式。英语一共有十六种时态，但常用的有八种。

　　下面对八种常用时态的主要用法作归纳、对比：

　　1.一般现在时

　　构成：动词原形，第三人称单数须加-s或-es。

　　（1）表示客观真理、科学事实及其他没有时限的客观存在。

　　Japan lies to the east of China.

　　日本位于中国的东方。

　　（2）表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。常和always, often, frequently, seldom, sometimes, usually, every day/week/month…，once (twice, several times) a week/month…等状语连用。

　　He seldom goes out alone.

　　他很少一个人外出。

　　（3）表示将来的行为。

　　①按规定或时间表预计要发生的动作，多用于arrive, go, come, meet, leave, begin, start, open, close等。

　　The bus leaves at 8 o’clock.

　　这班公交车8点钟离开。

　　②在条件、时间和让步状语从句中。

　　I won’t go to see a film if he doesn’t come tomorrow.

　　如果他明天不来，我不去看电影。

　　Even if it rains tomorrow, I will go out for a picnic.

　　即使明天下雨，我也出去野餐。

　　2.现在进行时

　　构成：am/is/are+现在分词

　　（1）表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。

　　Look! The children are flying the kites over there.

　　看！孩子们正在那边放风筝。

　　We are preparing for the meeting.

　　我们正在准备会议。

　　（2）表示最近计划或安排要进行的动作（主要用于某些表示位置转移的瞬间动词,如go, start, take off, leave, return, come等）。

　　I am coming.

　　我来了。

　　(3)与副词always, constantly, continually, forever, all the time等连用，带有感情色彩，表示对频繁发生的习惯性动作的赞叹、抱怨、生气、批评或不耐烦等情绪。

　　He is always thinking of others.(赞叹)

　　他总是为别人着想。

　　He is always asking his parents for money.（不满）

　　他老是向他父母要钱。

　　She is constantly leaving her things about. （厌烦）

　　她总是丢三落四。

　　(4)用于正在发展中的或正在改变的情况。

　　Technology is developing so rapidly that having been used for only a year, my cellphone is out-of-date.

　　科技发展如此之快，我的手机仅用了一年就过时了。

　　注意：表示心理活动、情感或所有关系的动词一般不用进行时态。

　　如mind, think, believe, remember, know, love, hate, like, belong, have, own等。

　　（1）will/shall + do

　　表示将来的动作或状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用如：tomorrow(tomorrow evening/afternoon…)/the day after tomorrow/next week/month… 等。带有情态的意思，常表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。

　　— Have you heard Jim was ill?

　　— Oh, sorry to hear that. I’ll see him tonight.

　　——你听说吉姆生病了吗？

　　——哦，听到这个消息很难过，今晚我去看他。

　　（2）表示趋向行为的动词如come , go , start , begin , leave , stay , arrive等常用一般现在时表示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作和状态。

　　The plane leaves at 6 o’clock.飞机6点起飞。

　　（3）“be + doing”用现在进行时表示按计划和安排已准备就绪将要发生的事情。

　　When is he returning?他何时返回？

　　（4）be going to do表示经过事先考虑和计划，而且已作了某种准备，打算做某事。

　　I’m going to visit her this weekend.

　　这个周末我去看望她。

　　注意：

　　①条件状语从句表将来，主句中不能用be going to do。

　　If it is fine, we are going to go camping. (错误)

　　②be going to 还可根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断。

　　There are lots of dark clouds. It’s going to rain.

　　乌云密布，要下雨了。

　　（5）be to do表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表命令、禁止、可能性、注定、许诺等。

　　We are to meet at 8 o’clock at the gate.

　　我们将8点钟在大门口会面。

　　You are to tell the truth to the police.

　　你应该跟警察说真话。

　　注意：对于不受人们意志控制的动作不能用be to do。

　　He is to be fat. (错误)

　　→He is going to be fat. (正确)

　　他发胖了。

　　（6）be (just) about to do=be on the point of doing表示“即将，就要”做的事，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句，但可和when, as引导的状语从句连用。

　　I was about to cook when someone knocked at the door.

　　我正准备去烧饭这时有人敲门。

　　1.一般过去时

　　构成：动词的过去式 (be → was/were)

　　( do→ did)

　　（1）表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/month/year… , ago, once, just now, the other day, in 1949/2008… 等。

　　The other day I ran into an old friend in the street.

　　那天我在街上碰到了一个老朋友。

　　（2）表示过去发生的一连串的动作。

　　He got up, had breakfast and went to work.

　　他起床，吃早餐，然后去上班。

　　（3）It’s (high/about) time (that)+主语+动词的过去式

　　It’s time you studied.

　　到学习的时间了。

　　（4）… wish( that )+主语+动词的过去式 （对现在的希望）

　　I wish I were a bird . She wishes she had a big house.

　　我希望我是一只鸟。她希望自己有一所大房子。

　　（5）… would rather (that)+主语+动词的过去式

　　I would rather you came today/tomorrow.

　　我宁愿你今天/明天来。

　　2.过去进行时

　　构成：was/were+现在分词

　　（1）表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段内正在进行的动作或频繁发生的动作。

　　I was watching TV at 8 o’clock yesterday evening.

　　昨天晚上八点钟我正在看电视。

　　（2）表示两个动作同时发生。

　　While I was cooking, he fell asleep.

　　我在烧饭时，他睡着了。

　　构成：have/has+过去分词

　　（1）表示动作发生在过去某个或某段时间，并对现在产生影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。常和for， since，already, yet, recently, lately, once, twice, just, ever, never， during/in/over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)，in recent years，so far, by now, up/till(to) now, of late, these days等状语连用。

　　I haven’t heard from him of late.（表示最近我没有他的消息）

　　最近我没收到他的来信。

　　I have seen the film before. (表示我知道影片的内容)

　　我以前看过这部电影。

　　（2） 在“最高级＋名词”或“这是第几次”之后所接的定语从句中常用现在完成时。

　　It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.

　　这是我所读过的最有趣的一本书。

　　It/This is the first time that I have been to Beijing.

　　这是我第一次来北京。

　　（3）在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。

　　I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.

　　我一写完信就去寄了。

　　（4） 瞬间动词不能与for短语连用。

　　He has left the city for two years.(错误)

　　He has been away from the city for two years. (正确)

　　他离开这个城市已经两年了。

　　一般过去时与现在完成时的比较：

　　一般过去时所表示的事情纯属过去，与现在情况没有任何联系。凡有过去时间状语的均用过去时态,不能用完成时。

　　如：She read the book last year. （只说明去年看了这本书这一事实，而与现在没有关系。）

　　而现在完成时强调的是过去发生的事情对“现在”的影响和结果。

　　如：She has read the book. （说明她看过这本书，强调她知道了这本书的内容。）

　　构成：have/has been+现在分词

　　表示一个动作开始于过去，并持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。

　　I have been waiting for his letter all the morning.

　　整个早上我都在等他的信。

　　现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较：

　　现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，强调的是现在的情况。

　　He has learned English for ten years. （他学英语10年了，到现在已停止学英语或者可能还在学。）

　　现在完成进行时强调过去发生的动作持续到现在，强调还在进行之中。

　　He has been learning English for ten years. （从过去某一时间开始学英语，强调到现在还在学。）

　　构成：had+过去分词

　　（1）表示过去某一时间以前发生的动作。常与by，by the end of，by the time，until，before等状语连用。

　　By the end of last term, we had learned

　　3，000 words.

　　到上学期末止，我们已学了3000个单词。

　　（2）强调两个动作都发生在过去，先发生的用过去完成时。

　　The train had left when I arrived at the station.

　　我到车站时，火车已离开了。

　　（3）expect, intend, mean, suppose, think和want等用于过去完成时中，表示没有完成的意图和计划等。

　　He had expected to win the first place but the judge was just unfair.

　　他当时很想拿第一名，但裁判不公平。

　　（4）过去完成时用在would rather that 从句中（对过去的希望）

　　I would rather you had come last night.

　　我宁愿你昨晚来。

　　（5）It was the first/second/third…time that+主语＋had done

　　It was the second time that I had visited this factory.

　　这是我第二次参观这个工厂。

　　() 1. Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ______ evening dress.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)

　　A. wear

　　B. wears

　　C. has worn

　　D. have worn

　　B

　　句意：Barbara很容易被认出来，因为她是唯一一个穿晚礼服的女士。如果定语从句修饰的先行词是the only one of the+名词复数，谓语动词用单数；如果修饰one of the+名词复数，谓语动词用复数。

　　() 2. — Why, Jack, you look so tired!

　　— Well, I ______ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. (2010·江苏卷)

　　A. was painting

　　B. will be painting

　　C. have painted

　　D. have been painting

　　D

　　考查动词的时态。答话人叙述的是现在的事实，再结合答语中的时间状语可知答话人从过去到现在一直在粉刷房子，而且还要持续下去，所以用现在完成进行时。

　　() 3. If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you ______ fresh watermelon in the fall. (2010·浙江卷)

　　A. eat

　　B. would eat

　　C. have eaten

　　D. will be eating

　　D

　　考查动词的时态。从if条件句中谓语动词的时态可以知道，主句应该用将来时态，故排除A、B和C项。D项是将来进行时态，强调“将来某个时刻正在进行的动作”，符合句意与语法。

　　() 4. We ______ on this project for four hours. Let's have a rest. (2010·天津卷)

　　A. are working

　　B. have been working

　　C. worked

　　D. had worked

　　B

　　考查动词时态。后面的Let's have a rest说明到现在为止我们一直在工作，应用现在完成进行时表示持续进行的动作。

　　() 5. — Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?

　　— No, I ______ my homework all day yesterday. (2010·全国卷Ⅰ)

　　A. was doing

　　B. would do

　　C. had done

　　D. do

　　A

　　考查谓语动词的时态。根据时间状语all day yesterday可知“昨天我一整天都在写作业”。表示在过去某个时间段正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，因此答案是A。

　　() 6. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it ______ on the market in 1973. (2010·重庆卷)

　　A. had come

　　B. has come

　　C. came

　　D. comes

　　C

　　考查时态。since所引导的从句通常用一般过去时。

　　书面表达：应用文写作技巧（四）演讲稿

　　【要点概述】

　　演讲稿又称演说词，是为进行演讲而预先写好的书面文稿，它必须直接应用于口头表达。

　　演讲稿语言的通俗性，语言力求通俗流畅，文字要精确而又富有概括性。演讲稿语言的鼓动性，要求语言生动、鲜明、形象，具有感情上的冲击力。演讲稿大体由三部分组成，主要有开头、主体和结尾。演讲稿是以议论为主的一种文体，通常用一般现在时。

　　常用开头语：Ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon! I’m very glad to stand here and give you a short speech. Today my topic is… I hope you will like it./Dear teacher and classmates, I am very glad to make a speech here.

　　结尾语：Thank you!/Thank you for your listening!

　　【体验高考】

　　(2010·福建卷)假设你是李华，福建省某中学高中学生，今年暑假将前往澳大利亚参加主题为“WATER FOR LIFE”的交流活动。请你以参访代表的身份，根据以下图片提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。

　　注意：

　　1．根据图片的内容适当展开，以使行文连贯；

　　2．开头与结尾已写好，不计入总词数；

　　3．文中不能出现考生的具体信息；

　　4．词数：120左右。

　　参考词汇：短缺 shortage; 资源 resource

　　Ladies and gentlemen，

　　Good morning, I'm Li Hua from Fujian, China. It's my great honor to be here to say something about the global water shortage and ways of dealing with it. ________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　That's all. Thank you.

　　One possible version：

　　Ladies and gentlemen，

　　Good morning. I'm Li Hua from Fujian, China. It's my great honor to be here to say something about the global water shortage and ways of dealing with it.

　　As we know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming, environmental pollution and the ever-increasing population. Therefore, it's high time we did something about it.

　　Firstly, an effective way, I think, is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use. Secondly, new methods need to be developed to use the existing water resources, for example, turning sea water into fresh water. Thirdly, we must stop water pollution by law. Last but not least, it's everyone's responsibility to make good use of water, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life.

　　In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage, protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically.

　　That's all. Thank you.

　　【强化演练】

　　学校里一些同学互相攀比，追求时髦和高档消费。请你根据下表中所提供的信息，写一篇题为“My Attitude to Pursuit of Fashion in School”的英文演讲稿。

　　现象 模仿明星发型；

　　穿名牌衣服、名牌鞋子；

　　使用高档手机；

　　原因 追求美；

　　爱面子；

　　感觉很酷；

　　你的看法 （请考生自己拟定内容，列举两至三点。）

　　Good afternoon, everyone!

　　The topic of my speech today is “My Attitude to Pursuit of Fashion in School”.

　　____________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Thank you for listening!

　　One possible version:

　　Good afternoon, everyone!

　　The topic of my speech today is “My Attitude to Pursuit of Fashion in School”.

　　Now in our school there is a hot pursuit of fashion. Some students live a very expensive life. They have the same hairstyles as their favorable stars and wear top brand of clothes and shoes. Some use expensive mobile phones.

　　The reasons why they do so are as follows.

　　Firstly, they hope to look smart and special. Secondly, they want to win others admiration and respect. In addition, it makes them feel cool.

　　As far as I am concerned, we students should hold the right sense of values. We should practice thrift in our daily life because it is one of our Chinese traditional virtues. What’s more, it is advisable for us to donate some pocket money to the Hope Project so that

　　those poor children in rural areas can return to school to receive normal education. Last but not least, it is the inner beauty rather than our appearance that makes us respectable.

　　Thank you for listening!