2017届高考英语一轮复习专题讲学案：专题14 阅读理解（解析版）

　　【考纲解读】

　　高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力”，这为我们的备考指明了方向。分析近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型，自始至终占据着主导地位。阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能，它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推理、判断。除此之外，还涉及非语言因素，如：对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。

　　【重点知识梳理】

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解题策略

　　一、先看题干，带着问题读文章。

　　即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。

　　二、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

　　近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40词左右。必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。速读全文对于主旨大意题的解决尤其有效，能快速抓住主干，确定好答案。

　　三、详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。

　　文章绝不是互不相干的句子的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；议论文则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。

　　四、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

　　深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想像，随意揣测；读者要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：conclude，infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

　　五、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

　　猜词是应用英语阅读的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词法，语法，定义，同位语，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

　　Ⅱ.阅读理解常见问题及原因分析

　　问题一：已经找对了题干与原文对应处，为何还做错？

　　原因：

　　①精确定位：要看清真正的问题，即用信息词定位之后，要看清句子逻辑关系，弄清意思。

　　②学会看选项的方法：

　　a．找最贴近原文意思的选项；

　　b．去除选项间的相同信息，专门关注区别点；

　　c．分清褒贬；

　　d．分清程度大小，强烈关注选项中表内容的单词；

　　e．看清范围，分清是整体还是局部。

　　【高频考点突破】

　　考点一、主旨大意题

　　1．主旨大意题常分为两类：(1)选出文章最佳标题；(2)概括文章或段落大意。

　　2．主旨大意题主要考查对文章进行概括或总结的能力，它要求在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向。研读近几年高考阅读理解，可以发现对主旨大意类的考查占有相当重要的地位。

　　【方法技巧】主旨大意题的三种思路：

　　①寻找主题句，确定文章大意。在许多情况下，尤其是在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。

　　主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(或在开头结尾同时出现首尾呼应的主题句)，因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨概括类试题多采用浏览法，即浏览文章的首段和尾段的首句或尾句或每段的首句或尾句，重点搜索主题信息。

　　②抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找各段落中心句的基础上。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。在这个过程中，不能仅依据只言片语或某一段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重笔的“重心”，考虑文章的材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么，分析故事情节围绕什么发展，最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。

　　③抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心。不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句隐含在段落中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，继而概括出段落的主题，推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。

　　考点二、细节理解题

　　1．此类题型一般分两种情况；直接事实题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常见的类型有对号入座题、是非判断题、语意转换题、表格理解题等)以及间接事实题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换)。

　　2．细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些问题，考生可以直接从文中找到明确的答案，但有些则需要在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判断、比较等。

　　【技巧归纳】

　　做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误。

　　点拨：细节理解题的三个步骤：

　　①浏览全文，了解信息。快速通读全文，大致了解不同信息间的差异，为解决问题做好信息储备。

　　②抓关键词，快速寻读。根据题目要求，从题干中抓住关键性词语，以此为线索，通过略读和寻读的方法快速而准确地在文章中寻找与此问题相关的信息，找到后仔细阅读，反复品味，认真比较选项和文中细节，在准确理解该细节的前提下，排除干扰项，从而确定答案。

　　③回读信息，验证答案。确定答案后，必须回读原文，再一次根据原文中的信息对选项进行验证。

　　总之，对于细节理解题，我们要恰当地运用略读、查读等技巧，在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。

　　考点三、词义猜测题

　　1．词义猜测题的常见形式：

　　(1)直接对某个陌生的词汇进行理解；

　　(2)对文中的某个代词确认指代的对象；

　　(3)对多义词或短语进行文中含义的精确定义；

　　(4)对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接的或解释性的描述。

　　2．词义猜测题是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解和处理生词的能力，它包括对词、词组和句意的理解。词义猜测不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面。

　　【方法技巧】词义猜测题的三大突破

　　1．根据定义猜测词义。如果生词由定语从句、同位语(同位语前常有or，similarly，that is to say，in rather words，namely，or rather，say等)或同位语从句来定义，或使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容或引号中的内容加以解释，理解这些定义或解释就是在理解词义。

　　2．根据对比、比较关系猜测词义。在一个句子或段落中如有对两个事物或两种现象的对比性描述，我们可以从生词的对立面猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词语主要有：unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast等。表示对比关系的句子结构有：while引导的并列句。表示比较关系的词语主要有：similarly，like，just as，also，as well as等。

　　3．通过构词法猜测词义。生词的前缀、后缀、复合词的各部分，词性的变化都可以暗示出词义。

　　注意

　　①不管这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能得出其意思；

　　②不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思。

　　考点四、推理判断题

　　1．推理判断题的考查形式通常为：

　　推断隐含含义；推断作者的观点和态度；推断写作目的和意图；推断文章的出处；推断文章中人物的性格态度等。

　　2．推理判断题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断的能力。

　　【方法技巧】推理判断题的五大技巧：

　　1．抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住某一段话中的关键信息，如关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。

　　2．整合全文(段)信息进行推断。做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，综合推理判断，确定最佳结论。

　　3．利用语境的褒贬性进行推断。几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，它反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好这一点，就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。

　　4．根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。作者的思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。

　　5．根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。

　　考点五、篇章结构题

　　解答此类题目首先要了解文章结构，从段落组织方式上看，有三种形式：总分式结构(总→分→总；总→分；分→总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式是一正一反)。要想准确深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握文章的脉搏，特别是把握段与段之间的逻辑关系，然后分析作者采用了什么论证手段证明主题，从而正确解答试题。近几年还有些试题考查全文或某一段落是以什么样的形式展开论述的，一般来说有的按事情发展的顺序，有的按时间的先后顺序，有的按人物的活动内容，还有的按地点或空间的位置变换，阅读时要特别注意。

　　【经典考题精析】

　　【2017·四川卷】C

　　A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.

　　Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm's heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.

　　Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.

　　However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she stamped on her father's chest .Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived .

　　Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said: "I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his

　　"She's a little star," said Debbie, "i was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can't believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we've got to see an expert."

　　Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.

　　He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.

　　39．Izzy kicked her father in the chest ______

　　A. to express her helplessness

　　B. to practise CPR on him

　　C. to keep him awake

　　D. to restart his heart

　　40．What's the right order of the events?

　　1Izzy kicked Colm.

　　2Debbie called 999.

　　3Izzy learned CPR.

　　4Colm's heart stopped.

　　A. 3124

　　B. 4231

　　C. 3421

　　D. 4312

　　41．What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?

　　A. What Colm suffered.

　　B. Colm's present condition.

　　C. What caused Colm's allergy.

　　D. Symptoms of Colm's allergic reaction.

　　42．Why does the author write the news?

　　A. To describe a serious accident.

　　B. To prove the importance of CPR.

　　C. To report a 9-year-old girl's brave act.

　　D. To call people's attention to allergic reaction.

　　【答案】

　　39．D

　　40．C

　　41．A

　　42．C

　　39．D考查细节理解。根据文章第二段lzzy, nine , restarted father Colm’s heart by stamping on his chest 可知Lzzy自知自己力气小，用手很难达到急救的目的，她用脚踩父亲胸口的目的就是为了让他的心脏恢复跳动，故答案选D。

　　40．C考查细节理解。本道排序题的解题重点是首尾确定法，文章采取倒叙的手法，先描述了Lzzy对父亲采取的急救措施，然后在下文又提到以前母亲教给过Lzzy如何急救，所以Lzzy学会急救方法是最先发生的事情，排除BC选项。再根据作者对事件的叙述可知在父亲晕倒后，母亲去拨打了急救电话，而她怕医生不能及时赶到而又去对父亲采取了必要的急救措施，选C。

　　41．A考查细节理解。在文章第八段中作者对Colm，也就是Lzzy的父亲进行了介绍，这位卡车司机因病而住院接受治疗，然而在出院的第二天病症又次发生，以至于呼吸停止，由此可知本段内容主要讲述了Colm发病的事情，故答案选A。

　　42．C考查推理判断。在文章中作者主要讲述了当父亲发病，呼吸心脏停止的时候，Lzzy采取急救行动救父亲的故事，通过这件事描写了小女孩lzzy的勇敢，而其他选项内容片面，不能反应文章的中心，故答案选C。

　　【考点定位】考查故事类短文阅读。

　　【2017·四川卷】B

　　In 1943, when I was 4, my parents moved from Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, to Fairbanks, Alaska, where adventure was never very far away.

　　We arrived in the summer, just in time to enjoy the midnight sun. All that sunlight was fantastic for Mom's vegetable garden. Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off, so she didn't care much about my bedtime.

　　Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk. That left me in a mess. I usually managed to find some trouble to get into. Once I had a little Are going in the dirt basement of a hotel. I had tried to light a barrel（桶） of paint but couldn't really get a good fire going. The smoke got pretty bad, though, and when 1 made my exit, a crowd and the police were there to greet me. The policemen took my matches and drove me

　　Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me, and they did! I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued me. 1 hadn't turned 5 yet.

　　As I entered kindergarten, the serious cold began to set in. Would it surprise you to know that I soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail at school?

　　As for Leonhard Seppala, famous as a dog sledder (驾雪橇者), I think I knew him well because I was taken for a ride with his white dog team one Sunday. At the time I didn't realize what a superstar he was, but I do remember the ride well. I was wrapped (包裹) heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather.

　　In 1950, we moved back to Coeur d'Alene, but we got one more Alaskan adventure when Leonhard invited us eight years later by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former neighbors of Alaska.

　　35．What can be inferred about the author's family?

　　A. His father was a cruel man.

　　B. His parents didn't love him.

　　C. His parents used to be very busy.

　　D. His mother didn't have any jobs.

　　36．What happened when the author was 4?

　　A. He learned to smoke.

　　B. He was locked in a basement.

　　C. He was arrested by the police.

　　D. He nearly caused a fire accident.

　　37．Which of the following is true?

　　A. Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds.

　　B. The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska.

　　C. Leonhard often visited the author's family after 1950.

　　D. The author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alaska.

　　38．What is the author's purpose of writing the text?

　　A. To look back on his childhood with adventures.

　　B. To describe the extreme weather of Alaska.

　　C. To express how much he misses Leonhard.

　　D. To show off his pride in making trouble.

　　【答案】

　　35．C

　　36．D

　　37．A

　　38．A

　　35．C考查推理判断。根据文章第二段Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off,和第三段内容Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk. That left me in a mess. 可知在铁路部门工作的父母忙于工作无瑕顾及作者，由此判断作者的父母非常忙碌，选C。

　　36．D考查细节理解。在文章第三段和第四段作者讲述了自己小时候玩火差点酿成火灾的事情，然后在第四段末尾提到1 hadn't turned 5 yet.当时我还不到5岁，由此可知当作者四岁的时候他的淘气险些酿成火灾，正确答案为D。

　　37．A考查细节理解。从文章末段内容可知作者后来搬家了，故 B选项内容错误，而C选项中作者提到Leonhard1950年以后还经常去他家，内容与文章末段提示的信息矛盾，故排除。根据文章第四段As for Leonhard Seppala, famous as a dog sledder和but I do remember the ride well.可知Leonhard Seppala以驾雪橇的高超技术而著名，而且作者第一次的乘坐雪橇也是非常愉快的，故D选项错误，答案选A。

　　38．A考查主旨大意。文章开头提出自己在四岁的时候，一家人搬到了阿拉斯加，在那里他的冒险生活就开始了，然后在下文中作者回忆了在那里发生的的事情，由此可知本文主要讲述了作者小时候的事情，是作者对童年的回忆，选A。

　　【考点定位】考查故事类短文阅读。

　　【2017·全国新课标II】A

　　Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband ,Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.

　　During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.

　　He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.

　　Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath.

　　My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.

　　That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.

　　2．What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?

　　A. Go shopping

　　B. Find a house

　　C. Join his family

　　D. Take his family

　　3．The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from_______.

　　A. a friend of his family

　　B. a Sydney policeman

　　C. a letter in his papers

　　D. a stranger in Sydney

　　4．What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?

　　A. Showed

　　B. Sent out

　　C. Delivered

　　D. Gave back

　　5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

　　A. From India to Australia.

　　B. Living in

　　a New Country.

　　C. Turning Trash to Treasure.

　　D. In Search of New Friends.

　　【答案】

　　2．B

　　3．C

　　4．D

　　5．C

　　【解析】

　　本文属于记叙文题材。在文中作者讲述了她们一家经历的一件事情。作者的丈夫不慎丢失了文件包，正当着急的时候，有人打电话给送了回来，原来是那家人的小孩在垃圾桶旁边发现了这些文件，通过这件事作者一家不仅找回了丢失的文件也找回了对人们的信任。

　　2．B 考查细节理解。根据文章首段Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house可知作者的丈夫Rashid独自一人到了悉尼后住在旅馆中，同时到处去给家人找房子住，故答案选B。

　　3．C 考查细节理解。 根据文章倒数第二段At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.可知陌生人一家是通过作者丈夫文件中一封信里的内容得知他的电话号码的，故答案选C。

　　4．D 考查猜测词义。A展示；B寄出；C运送；D归还。C选项容易被误选，要注意deliver侧重送货上门，而根据文章倒数第二段My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.可知那家人把捡到的文件替作者的丈夫保存着，然后亲自送还给他，由此判断“归还”更符合语境，故答案选B。

　　【考点定位】考查故事类短文阅读。

　　【2017·陕西卷】B

　　When I told my father that I was moving to Des Moines, Iowa, he told me about the only time he had been there. It was in the 1930s, when he was an editor if the literary magazine of Southern Methodist University（SMU）in Dallas, Texas. He also worked as a professor at SMU, and there was a girl student in his class who suffered from a serious back disease. She couldn;t afford the operation because her family was poor.

　　Her mother ran a boardinghouse in Galveston, a seaside town near Houston, Texas. She was cleaning out the attic（阁楼）one day when she came across an old dusty manuscript（手稿）. On its top page were the words, “By O. Henry”. It was a nice story, and she sent it to her daughter at SMU, who showed it to my father. My father had never read the story before, but it sounded like O. Henry, and he knew that O. Henry had once lived in Houston. So it was possible that the famous author had gone to the beach and stayed in the Gainestown boardinghouse, and had written the story there and left the manuscript behind by accident. My father visited an O. Henry expert at Columbia University in New York, who authenticated the story as O. Henry’s.

　　My father then set out to sell it. Eventfully, he foud himself in Des Moines, meeting with Gardner Cowles, a top editor at the Des Moines Register. Cowles loves the story and bought it on the spot. My father took the money to the girl. It was just enough for her to have the operation she so desperately needed.

　　My father never told me what the O. Henry story was about. But i doubt that it could have been better than his own story.

　　44．Who found the O. Henry’s manuscript?

　　A. The girl’s mother.

　　B. The author’s father.

　　C. The girl.

　　D. The author.

　　45．Which of the following might explain the fact that the manuscript was found in the attic?

　　A. O. Henry once worked in Houston.

　　B. O. Henry once stayed in Galveston.

　　C. O. Henry once moved to Des Moines.

　　D. O. Henry once taught at SMU.

　　46．The underlined word “authenticated” in Paragraph 2 probably means __________.

　　A. named

　　B. treated

　　C. proved

　　D. described

　　47．According to the text, why did the author’s father go to Des Moines?

　　A. To sell the O. Henry story.

　　B. To meet the author himself.

　　C. To talk with the O. Henry expert.

　　D. To give money to the girl.

　　【答案】

　　44．A

　　45．B

　　46．C

　　47．A

　　【解析】

　　文章大意：这是一位处于贫困中的母亲在发现O.Henry书稿时没有私藏，而是转交给作者的父亲，作者的父亲让专家鉴定后将书稿卖的钱如数给小女孩的母亲，生病的孩子得救了。

　　44．A考查细节理解。根据第二段的She was cleaning out the attic（阁楼）one day when she came across an old dusty manuscript（手稿）. On its top page were the words, “By O.Henry”可知那位小女孩的母亲一天打扫阁楼上发现布满尘土的旧手稿，手稿上写着O.Henry的签名，故选A。

　　45．B 考查细节理解。根据第二段的My father had never read the story before, but it sounded like O. Henry, and he knew that O.Henry had once lived in Houston可知我父亲从没有听说过这个故事，但是他知道O.Henry曾住在Houston，故选B。

　　46．C考查猜测词义。根据前文作者的父亲找到一位专家应是“证明”是O.Henry的作品。A命名；B对待；C证明；D描述。故选C。

　　47．A考查细节理解。根据最后一段的My father then set out to sell it我父亲然后出发去把它卖掉，可知选A。

　　【考点定位】考查故事类短文阅读

　　1.（2017广东卷）A

　　Samuel Osmond is a 19-year-old law student from Cornwall, England. He never studied the piano. However, he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them. He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts. Then he thinks about the notes in his head. Two years ago, he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata（奏鸣曲）by Beethoven. He surprised everyone around him.

　　Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly, his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable .They say his ability is very rare, but Samuel doesn’t even realize that what he can do is special. Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents, but music teachers told him he should study music instead. Now, he studies law and music.

　　Samuel can’t understand why everyone is so surprised. “I grew up with music. My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar. About two years ago, I suddenly decided to start playing the piano, without being able to read music and without having any lessons. It comes easily to me ---I hear the notes and can bear them in mind---each and every note,” says Samuel.

　　Recently, Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college. The piece had more than a thousand notes. The audience was impressed by his amazing performance. He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can’t play it. Samuel says confidently,” It’s all about super memory---I guess I have that gift.”

　　However, Samuel’s ability to remember things doesn’t stop with music. His family says that even when he was a young boy, Samuel heard someone read a story, and then he could retell the story word for word.

　　Samuel is still only a teenager. He doesn’t know what he wants to do in the future. For now, he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies.

　　What is special about Samuel Osmond?

　　A. He has a gift for writing music.

　　B. He can write down the note he hears.

　　C. He is a top student at the law school.

　　D. He can play the musical piece he hears.

　　What can we learn from Paragraph 2?

　　Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents.

　　B. Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.

　　C. Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.

　　D. Samuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers.

　　Everyone around Samuel was surprised because he _________.

　　received a good early education in music

　　played the guitar and the piano perfectly

　　could play the piano without reading music

　　could play the guitar better than his father

　　What can we infer about Samuel in Paragraph 4?

　　He became famous during a special event at his college.

　　He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately.

　　He plays the piano better than many professional pianists.

　　He impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces.

　　Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

　　The Qualities of a Musician

　　The Story of a Musical Talent

　　The Importance of Early Education

　　The Relationship between Memory and Music.

　　【文章大意】本文主要讲述了一位音乐天才的事情，在不懂乐谱，也从来没有上过钢琴课的情况下就能够演奏很难的乐曲。而且他有超强的记忆力，他就是Samuel Osmond。

　　26. 【答案】D

　　27. 【答案】B

　　【解析】推理题。根据第二段最后一句Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents, but music teachers told him he should study music instead. Now, he studies law and music.因为他父母亲希望他学习法律，所以他希望自己称为律师，但是他的音乐老师让他学习音乐，所以现在他法律和音乐一起学习。本句可知他原来计划是学习法律的。故B正确。

　　28. 【答案】C

　　【解析】细节题。根据第三段2,3行About two years ago, I suddenly decided to start playing the piano, without being able to read music and without having any lessons.得知他在不理解乐谱也不去上音乐课的情况下，就会弹钢琴，这让人们非常惊讶。故C正确。

　　29. 【答案】B

　　【解析】推理题。根据第四段最后一句Samuel says confidently,” It’s all about super memory---I guess I have that gift.”

　　他很自信地说：这是关于超级记忆，我认为我有那个天赋。本句说明他很自豪自己有这样的能力。故B正确。

　　30.【答案】B

　　【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了一位音乐天才的事情，在不懂乐谱，也从来没有上过钢琴课的情况下就能够演奏很难的乐曲。他就是Samuel Osmond。故B正确。

　　【长难句解析】

　　About two years ago, I suddenly decided to start playing the piano, without being able to read music and without having any lessons.

　　【翻译】大约2年前，我突然决定开始弹钢琴，我不动乐谱也没有上过音乐课。

　　【分析】本句中的介词短语without being able to read music and without having any lessons在句中是伴随状语。表示我决定弹钢琴的时候，所处的状态。

　　2.（2017江西卷）

　　A

　　Larry was on another of his underwater expeditions(探险)but this time, it was different. He decided to take his daughter along with him. She was only ten years old. This would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for.

　　Larry first began diving when he was his daughter’s age. Similarly, his father had taken him along on one of his expeditions. Since then, he had never looked back. Larry started out by renting diving suits from the small diving shop just along the shore. He had hated them. They were either too big or too small. Then, there was the instructor. He gave him a short lesson before allowing him into the water with his father. He had made an exception. Larry would never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide. Children his age were not even allowed to dive.

　　After the first expedition, Larry’s later diving adventures only got better and better. There was never a dull moment. In his black and blue suit and with an oxygen tank fastened on his back, Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean. Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search. Sometimes, his was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him. At least, he was still able to take photographs of the underwater creatures.

　　Larry’s first expedition without his father was in the Cayman Islands.There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them .Fortunately for him,a man offered to take him around the different spots for free. Larry didn’t even know what the time was how many spots he dived into or how many photographs he had taken.The diving spots afforded such a wide array of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more than thirty varieties of creatures.

　　Larry looked at his daughter.She looked as excited as he had been when he was her age.He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition.Already,she looked like she was much braver than had been then.This was the key to a successful underwater expedition.

　　56.In what way was this expedition different for Larry?

　　A.His daughter had grown up.

　　B.He had become a famous diver.

　　C.His father would dive with him.

　　D.His daughter would dive with him.

　　57.What can be inferred from Paragraph2?

　　A.Larry had some privileges.

　　B. Larry liked the rented diving suits.

　　C.Divers had to buy diving equipment.

　　D.Ten-year-old children were permitted to dive.

　　58.Why did Larry have to stay in a cage underwater sometimes?

　　A.To protect himself from danger.

　　B.To dive into the deep water.

　　C.To admire the underwater view.

　　D.To take photo more conveniently.

　　59.What can be learned from the underlined sentence?

　　A.Larry didn’t wear a watch.

　　B. Larry was not good at math.

　　C. Larry had a poor memory.

　　D. Larry enjoyed the adventure.

　　60.What did Larry expect his daughter to do?

　　A.Become a successful diver.

　　B. Make a good diving guide.

　　C. Take a lot of photos underwater.

　　D. Have longer hours of training.

　　【考点】考察人物传记类阅读

　　【文章大意】本文用倒叙的手法叙述了著名的潜水员Larry的潜水经历，以及他带着女儿继续家庭的传统继续潜水的故事。

　　56. 【答案】D

　　57. 【答案】A

　　【解析】推理题。根据第二段后两行. He had made an exception. Larry would never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide. Children his age were not even allowed to dive.

　　可知在别的孩子不被允许潜水的时候，Larry已经被允许和父亲去潜水，说明他享有特权。故A正确。

　　58. 【答案】A

　　【解析】推理题。根据文章第三段后2行Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search. Sometimes, his was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him. At least, he was still able to take photographs of the underwater creatures可知一些危险的地方也没有能够阻止他去探险，有些地方很危险，他们需要在笼子里，以保护自己不受到危险的侵害。说明把他放在水下的笼子里是为了保护他不受危险的侵害。故A正确。

　　59. 【答案】D

　　【解析】推理题。根据本句. Larry didn’t even know what the time was how many spots he dived into or how many photographs he had taken.他甚至不再的自己曾经到过多少水下的地方，不知道之间潜水了多长时间，不知道自己拍摄了多少照片。可知他很享受自己的水下探险，到了忘我的境界。故D正确。

　　60. 【答案】A

　　【解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段1，2行Larry looked at his daughter.She looked as excited as he had been when he was her age.He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition.可知他希望女儿能够继续家庭的传统。他的父亲是一名潜水员，他也是。那么他也希望自己的女儿也成为一名成功的潜水员。故A正确。

　　【长难句解析】

　　This would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for.

　　【翻译】这将是他第一次和他父亲在他很出名的领域里一起旅游。

　　【分析】本句中的介词on后面有一个宾语从句what he had always been famous for.，what引导起这个宾语从句，并在句中充当介词for的宾语。

　　3.（2017山东卷）C

　　Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves. At the age of six months she was acquired, along with her sister, by John Ashley, a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholders. She became known as “Mumbet” or “Mum Bett.”

　　For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family. One day, Ashley’s wife tried to strike Mumbet’s sister with a spade. Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious, she left the house and refused to come back. When the Ashleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick. With his help, Mumbet sued(起诉) for her freedom.

　　While serving the Ashleys, Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution. If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. Eventually, Mumbet won her freedom---- the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.

　　Strangely enough, after the trial, the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee. She declined and instead went to work for Segdewick. Mumbet died in 1829, but her legacy lived on in her many descendants(后裔). One of her great-grandchildren was W.E.B. Du Bois, one of the founder of the NAACP, and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights.

　　Mumbet’s tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried. It reads, in part: “She was born a slave and remained a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years. She could neither read nor write, yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.”

　　51. What do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1?

　　A. She was born a slave

　　B. She was a slaveholder

　　C. She had a famous sister

　　D. She was born into a rich family

　　52. Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys?

　　A. She found an employer

　　B. She wanted to be a lawyer

　　C. She was hit and got angry

　　D. She had to take care of her sister

　　53. What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new consititution?

　　A. She should always obey her owners’ orders

　　B. She should be as free and equal as whites

　　C. How to be a good servant

　　D. How to apply for a job

　　54. What did Mumbet do after the trial?

　　A. She chose to work for a lawyer

　　B. She found the NAACP

　　C. She continued to serve the Ashleys

　　D. She went to live with her grandchildren

　　55. What is the test mainly about?

　　A. A story of a famous writer and spokesperson

　　B. The friendship between a lawyer and a slave

　　C. The life of a brave African American woman

　　D. A trial that shocked the whole world

　　【考点】考察人物传记类阅读

　　【文章大意】本文介绍了生来就是奴隶的Elizabeth Freeman未了获得自由而进行斗争，最后获得自由的故事，以及人们对她的评价。

　　51. 【答案】A

　　【解析】推理题。根据文章第一行Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves.可知她是一对奴隶父母亲生下的孩子，天生就是一位奴隶。故A正确。

　　52. 【答案】C

　　【解析】推理题。根据第二段前3行One day, Ashley’s wife tried to strike Mumbet’s sister with a spade. Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious, she left the house and refused to come back.可知Ashley的妻子要打她的妹妹，Mumbet为了保护妹妹而被Ashley的妻子打了，之后她就离开了Ashley 的家。可知她的离开是因为她被打了，她非常生气。所以才离开。故C正确。

　　53. 【答案】B

　　54. 【答案】A

　　【解析】细节题。根据文章2,4段When the Ashleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick. With his help, Mumbet sued(起诉) for her freedom. 和She declined and instead went to work for Segdewick.可知Theodore Sedgewick是帮助她获得自由的律师。当Ashley请求她回去的时候，她拒绝了，而是选择为律师工作。故A正确。

　　55. 【答案】C

　　【解析】主旨大意题。本文属于人物传记类短文，介绍了生来就是奴隶的Elizabeth Freeman未了获得自由而进行斗争的故事，以及人们对她的评价。故C项说法和文章主要内容相符。故C正确。

　　【长难句解析】

　　When the Ashleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick.

　　【翻译】当Ashley一家人努力让她回去为他们服务的时候，Mumbet咨询了一位律师Theodore Sedgewick。

　　【分析】本句中的When the Ashleys tried to make her return是一个时间状语从句，句中有一个冠词的用法：the+姓氏的复数形式。表示“…一家人/夫妻两人”。

　　（2017安徽卷）D

　　Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of

　　a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons for example, economic (经济的) reasons-why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?

　　In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own home town of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate (影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.

　　It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的)and do not like change.

　　Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward . If we always reproduced what was there before,we would all still be living in caves . Thus , I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different , even though that might be the more risky choice.

　　What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?

　　Some of them are not attractive.

　　Most of them ate too expensive to preserve.

　　They are more pleasing than modern buildings.

　　They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.

　　Which of the following is true according to the author ?

　　We should reproduce the same old buildings.

　　Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.

　　Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.

　　No one understands why people speak against new buildings.

　　By “move things forward ” in the last paragraph , the author probably means“

　　”

　　Destroy old buildings

　　Put things in a different place

　　Choose new architectural styles

　　Respect people’s feelings for historical buildings

　　What is the main purpose of the passage?

　　To explain why people dislike change.

　　To warn that we could end up living in caves.

　　To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.

　　To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.

　　【考点定位】考察文化类阅读

　　【文章大意】是否可以在历史遗迹的地方建设现代化的建筑？文章对此问题进行了讨论，作者如果在不破坏原来情况的基础上我们是可以这样做的，因为很多现代建筑能够提升城市的品味。

　　68. 【答案】A

　　【解析】细节题。根据文章第一段第三句Not all historical buildings are attractive.可知作者认为并不是所有的古代建筑都是很吸引人的。故A正确。

　　69. 【答案】C

　　【解析】推理题。根据文章第三段第一句It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too.可知一些新的建筑会毁掉他们所在的地区，同样一些旧建筑也会毁掉他们所在的地区。故C正确。

　　70. 【答案】C

　　71. 【答案】D

　　【解析】推理题。根据文章第一句Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of

　　a city?可知本文是一个讨论：是否可以在历史遗迹的地方建设现代化的建筑。故D项正确。

　　【长难句解析】

　　In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area.

　　【翻译】为了回答这个问题，我们必须首先检查人们十分真地项保护历史遗迹。

　　【分析】本句中的in order to answer this question在句中充当的是目的状语，相当于不定式to answer this question；另外句中动词examine后面有一个whether引导的宾语从句whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area.连接词whether在句中不充当任何成分，表示的是不确定的“是否”的意思。

　　二（2017北京卷）B

　　The Brown Bear

　　My wife Laura and I were on the beach, with three of our children, taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we spotted a bear. The bear was thin and small, moving aimlessly.

　　Just a few minutes later, I heard my daughter shouting, “Dad! The bear is right behind us!” An agreesive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute. This one was silent and its ears pinned back---- the sign (迹象) of an animal that is going in for the kill. And it was a cold April day. The bear behaved abnormally, probably because of hunger.

　　I held my camera tripod (三脚架) in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me. Its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders, and the tripod stuck across its mouth. It bit down and I found myself supporting its weight. I knew I would not be able to hold it for long.

　　Even so, this was a fight I had to win: I was all that stood between the bear and my family, who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear.

　　The bear hit at the camera, cutting it off the tripod. I raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side. My arm could not move, and I sensed that my bones were going to break.

　　Drawing back my free hand, I struck the bear as hard as I could for five to six times. The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur, trying to push it away. I was actually wrestling (扭打) with the bear at this point. Then, as suddenly as it had begun, the fight ended. The bear moved back toward the forest, before returning for another attack----- The first time I felf panic.

　　Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went. My arm was injured, but the outcome for us could hardly have been better. I’m proud that my family reminded clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.

　　60. The brown bear approached the family in order to _______.

　　A. catch shore birds

　　B. start an attack

　　C. protect the children

　　D. set up a barrier for itself

　　61. The bear finally went away after it _______.

　　A. felt safe

　　B. got injured

　　C. found some food

　　D. took away the camera

　　62. The writer and his family survived mainly due to their ______ .

　　A. pride

　　B. patience

　　C. calmness

　　D. cautiousness

　　【考点定位】考察文化教育类阅读

　　【文章大意】本文叙述了作者一家被熊袭击的具体过程，告诉我们当危险来临的时候，保持镇定是非常重要的。

　　60. 【答案】B

　　61. 【答案】A

　　【解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段第一行Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went.可知它突然离开是因为它知道我们对它没有威胁，它很安全。所有A正确。

　　62. 【答案】C

　　【解析】推理题。推理题。根据文章最后一句I’m proud that my family reminded clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.我很自豪当熊袭击我们的恐慌本可以导致不同的结果的时候，我的家人都保持清醒的头脑。本句说明我的家人在遇见危险的时候都很镇定。故C正确。

　　【长难句解析】

　　Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went.

　　【翻译】很明显对于我们不会带来更大的威胁这一点很满意，这只熊离开了，当它走的时候，还毁掉了一个篱笆。

　　【分析】本句中的形容词短语satisfied that we caused no further threat是对句子主语the bear的情况的说明。Satisfied后面的that引导的是一个宾语从句。另外后面的现在分词短语destroying a fence as it went在句中作为伴随状语。

　　三（2017大纲卷）C

　　One of the latest trend（趋势） in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000 since 2004. And that’s true all across the country.

　　“I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of a company, says of his 2-year old son. “I would at least like to

　　give him the chance to use the language in the future,” After only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.

　　Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China. She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots.” Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture（文化）.” she says.

　　“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of Children.” But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”

　　The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.

　　64. What does that term” au pair” in the text mean?

　　A. A mother raising her children on her own

　　B. A child learning a foreign language at home

　　C. A professor in language education of children

　　D. A young foreign woman taking care of children.

　　65. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ______.

　　A. to live in China some day

　　B. to speak the language at home

　　C. to catch up wit other children

　　D. to learn about the Chinese culture

　　66. How can children learn a foreign language best according to Flynn?

　　A. From their parents.

　　B. By attending classes.

　　C. From a native speaker.

　　D. By starting at an early age.

　　67. What can we infer from the text?

　　A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular In America,

　　B. Educated woman do better in looking after children

　　C. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.

　　D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.

　　【考点定位】考察文化教育类阅读

　　【文章大意】本文告诉我们在美国现在有了一个新的趋势：为孩子找一个中国保姆。让孩子接触到中文，了解中国文化。说明在美国学习中文越来越流行了。

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】推理题。根据1,3,4段Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000和had another reason for looking for an au pair from China.以及“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,”可知” au pair”是指来自中国的照顾孩子的年轻女性，她们承担这教育孩子中文的任务。故D项正确。

　　【答案】D

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】推理题。根据文章第一句One of the latest trend（趋势） in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs. 和最后一段The popularity if au pairs from china has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.可知美国人对于中文的学习的兴趣越来越大，为孩子寻找一个会讲中文保姆已经成为了一个趋势。这些都说明学习中文变得很流行了。故A正确。

　　【长难句解析】

　　1.Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China.

　　【翻译】嫁给美国人的在明尼苏达抚养两个孩子的Li Drake，有另外一个理由来寻找一个中国保姆。

　　【分析】本节中的raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband是一个现在分词做定语来修饰前面的名词a Chinese native。因为两者之间构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词做定语。

　　2. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.

　　【翻译】人们预料美国人对于中国保姆的的要求在接下来的几年里会继续增加。

　　【分析】本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that引导的主语从句that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.句中的动词expect表示“预料”。

　　（2017江苏卷）C

　　Most damagingly, anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.

　　Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another.The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultaral forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels(决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.

　　Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition （意向）that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and. as a result of this, we're likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.

　　Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are. the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称 ) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring sitaation.

　　61. The "duels" example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger .

　　A. usually has a biological basis B. varies among people

　　C. is socially and culturally shaped D. influences one's thinking and evaluation

　　62. What changes can be found in an angry brain?

　　A. Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.

　　B. Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.

　　C. Electrical activity corresponds to one's behaviour.

　　D. Electrical activity agrees with one's disposition.

　　63. Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?

　　A. Approaching the source of anger. B. Trying to control what is disliked.

　　C. Moving away from what is disliked. D. Feeling helpless in the face of anger.

　　64. What is the key message of the last paragraph?

　　A. How anger differs from other emotions. B. How anger relates to other emotions.

　　C. Behavioural responses to anger. D. Behavioural patterns of anger.

　　【考点】考察科普知识类阅读

　　【文章大意】本文介绍了一些与愤怒有关的表现以及医学原理和人们生气的时候表现出的行为模式。

　　61. 【答案】C

　　推理题。根据文章第二段In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.在当代社会里，愤怒的肢体表现被认为是对社会有伤害而不能被容忍。但是在古代却又着决斗这样的行为，说明愤怒的表现形式是由不同的社会和文化形成的。故C正确。

　　62. 【答案】B

　　细节题。根据第三段3,4行But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced可知当我们生气的时候，脑电图在额叶前部会出现不平衡的现象。故B正确。

　　63. 【答案】A

　　64. 【答案】D

　　段落大意题。根据本段1,2行Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour

　　及Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour中的approach behaviour和avoidance behaviour可知本段讲述的是愤怒的时候，人们表现出的行为模式。故D正确。

　　（2017辽宁卷）A

　　A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops（笔记本电脑）.

　　Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）. But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.

　　Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said.

　　In the first experiment, students were given either a laptop or pen and paper. They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk, they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.

　　The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand. However, the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.

　　The researchers’ report said, “While more notes arc beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears.”

　　In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory, students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture. This time, the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.

　　These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes arc not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.

　　21. More and more students favor laptops for note-taking because they can

　　.

　　A. write more notes B. digest concepts better

　　C. get higher scores D. understand lectures better

　　22. While taking notes, laptop users tend to be

　　.

　　A. skillful B. mindless

　　C. thoughtful D. tireless

　　23. The author of the passage aims to

　　.

　　A. examine the importance of long-term memory

　　B. stress the benefit of taking notes by hand

　　C. explain the process of taking notes

　　D. promote the use of laptops

　　24. The passage is likely to appear in

　　.

　　A. a newspaper advertisement B. a computer textbook

　　C. a science magazine D. a finance report

　　【考点】考察科普知识类阅读

　　【文章大意】作者在本文中讲述了一次实验:使用笔记本电脑记笔记和手动记笔记的学生进行对比。结果发现手动记笔记的学生表现更好，告诉我们需要进行手动记笔记，而不是使用电脑。

　　21.【答案】A

　　【解析】细节题。根据文章第二段第一句Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）.可知学生越来越多使用电脑记笔记是因为速度和清晰度。也就是说使用笔记本电脑记笔记速度更快，可以记录更多的内容。故A正确。

　　22. 【答案】B

　　23. 【答案】B

　　【解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes arc not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.可知手动记笔记对于短期长期记忆都有好处，也就说本文强调我们需要进行手动记笔记，而不是使用电脑。故B正确。

　　24. 【答案】C

　　【解析】推理题。本文通过讲述一个实验结论告诉我们手动记笔记对于短期长期记忆都有好处，学生的表现比使用电脑记笔记更好。不会是广告，电脑教科书也不会是金融报告，这属于教学类的科学研究。故C正确。

　　【长难句解析】

　　1.A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops。

　　【翻译】一项新的研究显示上课时手动写笔记的学生在考试中要比使用笔记本电脑的学生表现更好。

　　【分析】本句中动词show后面宾语从句的引导词that被省略了，这个宾语从句中含有定语从句who write notes by hand during lectures修饰students；另外一个定语从句who use laptops修饰those。

　　2.These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.

　　【翻译】这两个使用都说明手动写笔记不仅对于即时学习和理解有好处，而且会导致未来的表现更好。

　　【分析】本句中的动词suggest表示“说明，暗示”，并不是“建议”；另外句中的宾语从句that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.较长，谓语部分是有not only…but also…连接。

　　（2017江苏卷）A

　　Never before had a kitchen so much of a History

　　It tells of Freedom, Success, and of the Architecture of big American cities. Because that is where it started: in the second half of the 19th century!

　　Welcome to a new Era of Kitchen Interior Design

　　Back then, a Generation of successful American Entrepreneurs dreamt of a new style of Architecture to express their personal wealth. This dream was realized by young architects such as Daniel Burnham and Stanford White.

　　They all had studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris. And they created a new style for Architecture and Interior Design, named after the famous French Art Institute: Beaux Arts.

　　SieMatic BcauxArts Breaks and Creates

　　In fact it was not a new style at all, but a composition of styles from different periods and cultures. Many world-famous structures such as the Chicago Art Institute and the Statue of Liberty account for it. But what does that have to do with your kitchen? Just as much as you want it to. Because in the same way that the anti-conventional architects back then took the freedom to combine elements from different historical eras, today, you too can break the conventional rules of style and create something new: your own personal composition of your kitchen. For that, SieMatic BeauxArts offers unique opportunities: A broad range of seemingly conflicting features that you combine to a harmonious design of your own. You can choose from menu of various forms, appealing colors, and precious materials, to create an environment that is much more than just a kitchen: a reflection of your personality.

　　56. Why did the BeauxArts style attract American entrepreneurs?

　　A. It helped display their money status.

　　B. It was created by famous architects.

　　C. It was named after a famous institute.

　　D. It represented the 19th century urban culture.

　　57. What is unique of SieMatic BeauxArts?

　　A. Its designs are anti-conventional.

　　B. Its designs come from famous structures.

　　C. Its customers can enjoy their own composition.

　　D. Its customers can choose from various new styles.

　　【考点】考察广告类阅读

　　56. 【答案】A

　　【解析】推理题。根据Back then, a Generation of successful American Entrepreneurs dreamt of a new style of Architecture to express their personal wealth可知这种风格能够表现他们的私人财富，也就是说能够显示他们有钱。故A正确。

　　57. 【答案】C

　　(2017·安徽，D)

　　“People are ruder today because they are rushed and more ‘time poor’ than ever before，” says Patsy Rowe, “Manners_

　　have_fallen_off_the_radar(雷达)．” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment, it is a wonder more people don't wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint(抱怨)about the noise. Here are some examples of rudeness.

　　Some people prefer to do almost everything over the Internet. To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward. It feels very slow because humans don't work at 4G speeds. When you have dinner with friends, you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone. We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings lifechanging news, so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with. What is worse, some people even tend to send anonymous(匿名的) rude messages by email.

　　However, rudeness is never acceptable. Don't assume it is OK to be rude if the person you're in touch with won't recognize you. If you have something awful to say, have the courage to face the person and say it, write a letter or email and sign it, or forget it. Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.

　　We shouldn't blame technology for our shortcomings.Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives. An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings.People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if we'd publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them.

　　文章大意：随着高科技的发展，人的行为变得越来越粗鲁。有些人不愿意与实际的人交流，而宁愿打电话、发短信，甚至发一些匿名的粗鲁短信。

　　9．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?

　　A．People can tell good from bad behavior.

　　B．Radar is able to observe human behavior.

　　C．People care little about their behavior.

　　D．Radar can be used to predict human behavior.

　　答案：C 句意猜测题。整篇文章讲的是随着高科技的发展，人的行为越来越粗鲁，故选C项。

　　10．Some people are less willing to deal with humans because ________.

　　A．they are becoming less patient

　　B．they are growing too independent

　　C．they have to handle many important messages

　　D．they have to follow an evolutionary step backward

　　答案：A 推理判断题。根据第二段的“To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward. It feels very slow because humans don't work at 4G speeds.”可知，一些人不愿意与人交流是因为与人交流太慢，也就是说他们变得越来越没有耐心。

　　11．The author thinks sending unsigned awful messages is ________.

　　A．ridiculous

　　B．disgusting

　　C．acceptable

　　D．reasonable

　　答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.”可知，作者认为发送不署名的可恶短信是残忍的，令人作呕的。

　　12．What can we learn from the last paragraph?

　　A．We should applaud good behavior.

　　B．Technology can never be blamed.

　　C．We should keep pointing out mistakes.

　　D．Technology will take over our lives one day.

　　答案：A 推理判断题。根据最后一句“it would be even more help if we'd publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them”可知A项正确；B项和本段的第一句意思有差别；根据“People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners”和“Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives.”可轻易排除C、D两项。

　　D

　　(2017·陕西，C)

　　According to sociologists(社会学家), every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(阶层). Class, power and status are important in deciding people's rank in society.

　　Class means a person's economic position in society. A commonly used classification is lower class, middle class and upper class. While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined, they do describe societies like the United States quite well. One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class, 46% the middle class, and 1% the upper class. Interestingly, a surgeon earning $500,000 a year and a bus driver earning $50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!

　　Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people. Obviously, people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise(行使)big power, but people who take orders from others have less power. Power and class do not always go hand in hand, however. For example, the governor of a state has great power, but he or she may not belong to a corresponding (相应的)economic class. Generally, however, there is a relationship between power and class. To our knowledge, there aren't too many people who aren't millionaires in the U．S. Senate!

　　Status is the honor or respect attached to a person's position in society. It can also be affected by power and class, but not necessarily so. For example, a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，阐明了阶级、权力、地位的定义以及三者之间的关系。

　　13．What can we learn about “the middle class” from Paragraph 2?

　　A．People earning $50,000 a year belong to the middle class.

　　B．Nearly half Americans belong to the middle class.

　　C．People generally consider bus drivers as the middle class.

　　D．Sociologists have a clear definition of the middle class.

　　答案：B 细节理解题。由第二段第四句话可知美国中产阶级占46%，差不多一半，故B项正确。由第五句话“有趣的是年收入五十万美元的外科医生和五万美元的公交车司机都自认为是中产阶级”，是“自认为”，所以AC项都不对。由第三句话可知D项错误。

　　14．According to the text, we know that ________.

　　A．power and class do not always correspond with each other

　　B．status refers to a person's economic position in society

　　C．people with high status have a lot of control over others

　　D．class is less important in deciding a person's social rank

　　答案：A 细节理解题。由第三段第三句话Power and class do not always go hand in hand，可知A项正确。由第四段第一句话可知B项错误；由第四段最后一句话可知C项错误；由第一段第二句话可知D项错误。

　　15．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?

　　答案：A 语篇结构题。第一段总体介绍阶级、权力、地位在确定一个人的社会等级方面都很重要，第二三四段分别说明了阶级、权力、和地位，采用了总分结构。故选A项。

　　E

　　(2017·湖南，C)

　　It's such a happylooking library, painted yellow, decorated with palmtree stickers and sheltered from the Florida sun by its own roof. About the size of a microwave oven, it's pedestrianfriendly, too, waiting for book lovers next to a sidewalk in Palm Beach Country Estates, along the northern boundary of Palm Beach Gardens.

　　It's a library built with love.

　　A year ago, shortly after Janey Henriksen saw a Brian Williams report about the Little Free Library organization, a Wisconsinbased nonprofit that aims to promote literacy and build a sense of community in a neighborhood by making books freely available, she announced to her family of four, “That's what we're going to do for our spring break！”

　　Son Austin, now a 10thgrader, didn't see the point of building a library that resembles a mailbox. But Janey insisted, and husband Peter unwillingly got to work. The 51yearold owner of a ship supply company modified a small wooden house that he'd built years earlier for daughter Abbie's toy horses, and made a door of glass.

　　After adding the library's final touches (装点), the family hung a signboard on the front, instructing users to “take a book, return a book，” and making the Henriksen library, now one of several hundred like it nationwide and among more than 2,500 in the world, the only Little Free Library in Palm Beach County.

　　They stocked it with 20 or so books they'd already read, a mix of science fiction, reference titles, novels and kids' favorites. “I told them, keep in mind that you might not see it again，” said Janey, a stayathome mom.

　　Since then, the collection keeps replenishing (补充) itself, thanks to ongoing donations from borrowers. The library now gets an average of five visits a day.

　　The project's best payoff, says Peter, are the thankyou notes left behind. “We had no idea in the beginning that it would be so popular.”

　　文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了Little Free Library这家图书馆的由来及其发展。

　　16．In what way is the library “pedestrianfriendly”？

　　A．It owns a yellow roof.

　　B．It stands near a sidewalk.

　　C．It protects book lovers from the sun.

　　D．It uses palmtree stickers as decorations.

　　17．Janey got the idea to build a library from ________.

　　A．a visit to Brian Williams

　　B．a spring break with her family

　　C．a book sent by one of her neighbors

　　D．a report on a Wisconsinbased organization

　　答案：D 细节理解题。Janey Henriksen读了Brian Williams关于Little Free Library organization(一个威斯康辛州的非盈利组织)的报告，该组旨在促进文学，通过在社区提供可得到的免费书籍，普及这项文学意识)的一篇报告后，对家人说那就是春假期间他们一家四口要做的事。D项正确。

　　18．The library was built ________.

　　A．by a ship supply company

　　B．on the basis of toy horses

　　C．like a mailbox

　　D．with glass

　　答案：C 细节理解题。第四段首句Son Austin, now a 10thgrader, didn't see the point of building a library that resembles a mailbox.表明这个“图书馆”像个“邮箱”。

　　19．What can we infer about the signboard?

　　A．It was made by a user of the library.

　　B．It marked a final touch to the library.

　　C．It aimed at making the library last long.

　　D．It indicated the library was a family property.

　　答案：C 推理判断题。A它是由使用者建造的图书馆；B那标志着对图书馆的最后装点；C那是为了让图书馆延续下去；D那表明这家图书馆是家庭财产。结合第五段信息(尤其是instructing users to “take a book, return a book，” and making the Henriksen library)可知C项正确。

　　20．The passage tells us that the users ________.

　　A．donate books to the library

　　B．get paid to collect books for the library

　　C．receive thankyou notes for using the library

　　D．visit the library over 5 times on average daily

　　答案：A 细节理解题。倒数第二段表明，多亏了来自借阅者们不断的图书捐赠，图书供给得以补充，因此现在图书馆平均每天有5次借阅量。

　　(四)

　　A

　　(2017·陕西，A)

　　Joshua, Helmut, and Bethlehem

　　Michelle O. Donovan

　　ISBN 9781462058679

　　Life is not easy for nineyearold Joshua during World War II.

　　Because of his family's Jewish background, they are sent to live in the concentration camps (集中营). Scared and alone, Joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse he calls Bethlehem who becomes his closest friend.

　　Encourage Me!

　　Inspirational Poetry

　　Gloria Coykendall

　　ISBN 9781412027854

　　It is an easytoread collection of poems originally written to encourage in faith and to be a cure for chronic depression(长期抑郁) ... cure to strengthen identity and purpose.

　　More Things in Heaven

　　Bill Bosworth

　　ISBN 9780595433582

　　In his More Things in Heaven, Bill Bosworth presents the highlights of his 83 years of life, including his trips to India and the study of the writings of several great spiritual leaders.

　　More Things in Heaven will appeal to anyone who insists on finding the deepest meaning for their existence based on their own experience.

　　Seeking the Edge

　　Dr. Joseph L. Rose

　　ISBN 9781462031795

　　Seeking the Edge provides the tools and techniques to find that edge in one's life—driving readers to achieve success whether in your current job, finding a new job, in education, family, or even hobbies.

　　Creation or Evolution

　　Michael Ebifegha

　　ISBN 9781450289023

　　Were humans created, or did they evolve? How old is the Earth? The debate between science and religion continues to be heated. In Creation or Evolution, Michael Ebifegha examines these two opposed world views within the structure of empirical(实证的) science.

　　文章大意：本文是五则图书广告，介绍了书名、作者、书号及内容简介。

　　1．Who wrote the story about a little boy and a little mouse?

　　A．Bill Bosworth.

　　B．Michelle O. Donovan.

　　C．Dr. Joseph L. Rose.

　　D．Gloria Coykendall.

　　答案：B 细节理解题。由第一则广告可知介绍了一个九岁男孩及一只小老鼠的故事，故选B项。

　　2．The ISBN for the book of poems is ________.

　　A．9781462031795

　　B．9781412027854

　　C．9780595433582

　　D．9781462058679

　　答案：B 细节理解题。由第二则广告，可知是一本诗歌选集，它的书号是B项。

　　3．What kind of readers will probably like reading More Things in Heaven?

　　A．Those who are searching for the meaning of life.

　　B．Those who are trying to be spiritual leaders.

　　C．Those who study the art of writing.

　　D．Those who like traveling abroad.

　　答案：A 推理判断题。由第四则广告第二段可知此书会吸引那些坚持寻找人们存在的意义的人，所以可以推断出那些寻求人生意义的人会喜欢这本书。故选A项。

　　4．Which of the following books explores the origin of humans?

　　A．Seeking the Edge.

　　B．Creation or Evolution.

　　C．Joshua, Helmut, and Bethlehem.

　　D．More Things in Heaven.

　　答案：B 细节理解题。由第五则广告第一句话Were humans created, or did they evolved？可知本书是探索人类起源的。故选B项。

　　B

　　(2017·全国Ⅰ，B)

　　The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警觉). Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus—until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?

　　Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? Not again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.

　　文章大意：本文对刚出生一天的孩子做实验，看他们的视觉和听觉反应。

　　5．The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby's________.

　　A．sense of hearing

　　B．sense of sight

　　C．sense of touch

　　D．sense of smell

　　6．Babies are sensitive to the change in ________.

　　A．the size of cards

　　B．the colour of pictures

　　C．the shape of patterns

　　D．the number of objects

　　答案：D 细节理解题。根据短文第二段倒数第三句话中的“Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen...”可知，D项正确。

　　7．Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?

　　A．To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.

　　B．To see how babies recognize sounds.

　　C．To carry their experiment further.

　　D．To keep the babies' interest.

　　答案：C 推理判断题。根据短文最后，研究者一边用图片做实验，同时又敲鼓，引起婴儿的注意，这样做的目的就是进一步研究婴儿的视觉及听觉。故C项正确。

　　8．Where does this text probably come from?

　　A．Science fiction.

　　B．Children's literature.

　　C．An advertisement.

　　D．A science report.

　　答案：D 推理判断题。本文是对婴儿感觉的实验，是科普文章，故D项正确。

　　C

　　(2017·全国Ⅱ，C)

　　Given that many people's moods (情绪)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate, it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine. Looking like a setting from the film Charlie & the Chocolate Factory, Singapore's Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates. Its founder is Chris Lee who grew up at his parents' corner store with one hand almost always in the jar of sweets.

　　If the CRF seems to be a smart idea, that's because Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names such as Levi's and Sony. That idea surely results in the imagination at work when it comes to making different flavored(味道)chocolates.

　　The CRF's produce is “green”， made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Series—with Sichuan pepper, red bean (豆), cheese and other flavors—also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate_snobs，who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela, and Ghana, among others.

　　文章大意：本文介绍了Chris Lee想出了CRF这一想法，生产销售100多种巧克力，满足各种口味的人们。

　　9．What is good about chocolate?

　　A．It serves as a suitable gift.

　　B．It works as an effective medicine.

　　C．It helps improve the state of mind.

　　D．It strengthens business relations.

　　答案：C 推理判断题。根据短文第一段第一句话可知，人们的情绪由巧克力的化学作用来调节，故C项正确。

　　10．Why is Chris Lee able to develop his idea of the CRF?

　　A．He knows the importance of research.

　　B．He learns from shops of similar types.

　　C．He has the support of many big names.

　　D．He has a lot of marketing experience.

　　答案：D 推理判断题。由短文第二段可知，李不仅是售货员而且是与许多大公司有商业关系的市场部经理，故他有许多市场营销经验。所以D项正确。

　　11．Which line of the CRF produce sells best?

　　A．The Connoisseur Series.

　　B．The Exotic Series.

　　C．The Alcohol Series.

　　D．The Sichuan Series.

　　答案：C 细节理解题。根据短文最后一段第一句话中“...with the Alcohol Series being the most popular”可知，C项正确。

　　12．The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who

　　________.

　　A．are particular about chocolate

　　B．know little about cocoa beans

　　C．look down upon others

　　D．like to try new flavors

　　答案：A 词义理解题。snob 势利小人，势利眼；附庸风雅之徒，假内行。根据定语从句的内容可知，他们认为他们比别人更懂巧克力，由此可知，他们会对巧克力更加挑剔。所以A项正确。

　　D

　　(2017·福建，C)

　　This is What a REAL Silver Dollar Looks Like

　　If you trust in the yen, the euro, and the dollar... stop reading.

　　Because this is a story about the silver coin EVERYBODY wants.

　　You read the headlines. You know that troubled economic times have put global currency on a rollercoaster (过山车) ride. But millions have found a smarter way to build longterm value with highgrade collectable silver. And right now, those people are lining up to secure some of the last 2017 U. S. Mint Silver Eagles, America's Newest Silver Eagle Dollars. Today, you can graduate to the front of that line. Buy now and you can own these brilliant uncirculated Silver Dollars for only $38.95!

　　You Can't Afford to Lose

　　Why are we releasing (发行) this silver dollar for such a remarkable price? Because we want to introduce you to what hundreds of thousands of smart collectors and satisfied customers have known since 1984—New York Mint is the place to find the world's finest highgrade coins. That's why we're offering you this Brilliant Uncirculated 2017 U. S. Silver Eagle for as little as $37.45 (plus s/h)．

　　Timing is Everything

　　Our advice? Keep this to yourself. Because the more people who know about this offer, the worse it is for you. Demand for Silver Eagles in 2011 broke records. Experts predict that 2017 Silver Eagles may break them all over again. Due to rapid changes in the price of silver, prices may be higher or lower and are subject to(受……影响)

　　change without notice. Supplies are limited. Call immediately to add these Silver Eagles to your holdings before it's too late.

　　Offer Limited to 40 per household 2017 American Silver Eagle Coin

　　Your cost

　　1－4 Coins

　　$38.95 each＋s/h

　　5－9 Coins

　　$38.45 each＋s/h

　　10－19 Coins

　　$37.95 each＋s/h

　　20－40 Coins

　　$37.45 each＋s/h

　　Note: $10 s/h (shipping and handling) for each purchase

　　For fastest service, call tollfree 24 hours a day

　　1－888－201－7143

　　Offer Code (代码) ASE177－04

　　Please mention this code when you call.

　　New York Mint 14101

　　Southcross Drive W．，Dept. ASE177－04

　　Burnsville, Minnesota 55337

　　www. NewYorkMint. com

　　文章大意：我们推出了高质量的值得收藏的银币，价格不贵，时间有限，快来买吧！

　　13．What is stressed in the ad?

　　A．The coin is of high quality and worth collecting.

　　B．The coin can be circulated as a currency.

　　C．Limited supplies guarantee a stable price of the coin.

　　D．Demand for the coin is bound to break records.

　　答案：A 由全文尤其是You can't afford to lose段落可知答案为A。

　　14．If you buy six 2017 U. S. Mint Silver Eagles by post, you should pay at least ________.

　　A．$230.7 B．$233.7

　　C．$240.7 D．$243.7

　　15．The ad strongly encourages people to purchase the silver coins by ________.

　　A．shopping online

　　B．making a phone call

　　C．lining up in front of the stores

　　D．writing to the company

　　答案：B 细节题，由Time is everything 段落最后一句以及所提供的最快服务的联系方式可知答案为B。

　　E

　　(2017·天津，C)

　　Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours(绕行路)in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.

　　For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parents' home in Boise in nine hours. We traveled the way most people do: the fastest, shortest, easiest road, especially when I was alone with four noisy, restless kids who hates confinement(限制)and have strong opinions about everything.

　　Road trips felt risky, so I would drive fast, stopping only when I had to. We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired.

　　But then Banner, our lamb was born. He was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise. I had two choices: leave Banner with my husband, or take him with me. My husband made the decision for me.

　　That is how I found myself on the road with four kids, a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through. We took the country roads out of necessity. We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake out his legs and feed him. The kids chased him and one another. They'd get back in the car breathless and energized, smelling fresh from the cold air.

　　We explored side roads, catching grasshoppers in waisthigh grass. Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother, or fish leaping out of the water, it was better than the best ride down the freeway. Here was life. And new horizons(见识)．

　　We eventually arrived at my parents' doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.

　　I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique. On an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling. I stopped the car, ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead. I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.

　　Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey—and the best part of yourself.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，因为旅途中要照料刚出生的小羊羔，所以作者不得不选择绕行路，作者发现绕行路增添了生活的快乐。

　　16．Why did the author use to take freeways to her parents' home?

　　A．It was less tiring.

　　B．It would be faster and safer.

　　C．Her kids would feel less confined.

　　D．She felt better with other drivers nearby.

　　答案：B 细节理解题。由第二段第二句话，“我们走大部分人会走的路：最快、最短、最安全”，故选B项。

　　17．The author stopped regularly on the country roads to

　　______.

　　A．relax in the fresh air

　　B．take a deep breath

　　C．take care of the lamb

　　D．let the kids play with Banner

　　答案：C 细节理解题。由第五段第三句话，“我们不得不每个小时停下来，让班纳舒展一下腿，喂喂它”，即照料一下小羊羔。

　　18．What does the author discover from the trip according to Paragraph 6?

　　A．Freeways are where beauty hides.

　　B．Getting close to nature adds to the joy of life.

　　C．Enjoying the beauty of nature benefits one's health.

　　D．One should follow side roads to watch wild animals.

　　答案：B 细节理解题。由Here was life. And new horizons.可知这次旅行作者的发现：这才是生活，以及新见识。通过旅行中亲近大自然作者体验到了生活的乐趣。故选B项。

　　19．Why did the author ask the kids to get out of the car on their way back home?

　　A．To give herself some time to read.

　　B．To order some food for them.

　　C．To play a game with them.

　　D．To let them cool down.

　　答案：D 推理判断题。由第八段第二三句话，“每个人开始争吵，我停下车命令他们下车到前面等我”，可以推断出：我让孩子们下车是为了让孩子们停止争吵冷静下来。故选D项。

　　20．What could be the best title for the passage?

　　A．Charm of the Detour.

　　B．The Road to Bravery.

　　C．Creativity out of Necessity.

　　D．Road Trip and Country Life.

　　答案：A 主旨大意题。文章开头点题与结尾的结论都提到了绕行路会揭示旅行的快乐，所以标题应是A项，绕行路的魅力。

　　(五)

　　A

　　(2017·湖北，A)

　　Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity. I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the day's events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary. I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper. After all, isn't accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?

　　When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, wellequipped with pens, a diary, and a camera. During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across. I felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels. On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand. The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows. I automatically took out my pen...

　　At that point, I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley. All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary.

　　Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful. I take pictures, but not very often—only of objects I find really beautiful. I'm no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old. I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.

　　I don't want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes. Maybe I won't have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I'll forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me. I don't live to make memories—I just live, and the memories form themselves.

　　文章大意：本文介绍的是作者的一个成长历程，日记和相机起到穿针引线的作用，随着时间的变迁，作者的感受也在变化。

　　1．Before the age of thirteen, the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of ________.

　　A．observing her school routine

　　B．expressing her satisfaction

　　C．impressing her classmates

　　D．preserving her history

　　答案：D 细节理解题，根据第一段的a way of preserving the past可知D正确。

　　2．What caused a change in the author's understanding of keeping a diary?

　　A．A dull night on the journey.

　　B．The beauty of the great valley.

　　C．A striking quotation from a book.

　　D．Her concerns for future generations.

　　3．What does the author put in her diary now?

　　A．Notes and beautiful pictures.

　　B．Special thoughts and feelings.

　　C．Detailed accounts of daily activities.

　　D．Descriptions of unforgettable events.

　　答案：B 细节理解题，由Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling可知B正确。

　　4．The author comes to realize that to live a meaningful life is ________.

　　A．to experience it

　　B．to live the present in the future

　　C．to make memories

　　D．to give accurate representations of it

　　答案：A 细节理解题，由but at least the experiences will always remain inside me可知A项正确。

　　B

　　(2017·四川，B)

　　On a sunny day last August, Tim heard some shouting. Looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea.

　　Two 12 yearold boys, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search for a football. Once they'd rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.

　　Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves.

　　“Everything went quiet in my head，” Tim recalls (回忆)．“I was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.”

　　Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water. Every 500 yards or so, he raised his head to judge his progress.“At one point, I considered turning back，” he says. “I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.” After 30 minutes of struggling, he was close enough to yell to the boys, “Take down the umbrella！”

　　Christian made much effort to take down the umbrella. Then Tim was able to catch up and climb aboard the boat. He took over rowing, but the waves were almost too strong for him.

　　“Let's aim for the pier (码头)，” Jack said. Tim turned the boat toward it. Soon afterward, waves crashed over the boat, and it began to sink. “Can you guys swim？” he cried. “A little bit，” the boys said.

　　Once they were in the water, Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier. Christian and Jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs. Tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys' faces.

　　“Are we almost there？” they asked again and again.“Yes，” Tim told them each time.

　　After 30 minutes, they reached the pier.

　　文章大意：为了寻找足球，两个男孩驾船进入大海，却不料遇到了危险，在Tim的帮助下，他们终于化险为夷。

　　5．Why did the two boys go to the sea?

　　A．To go boat rowing.

　　B．To get back their football.

　　C．To swim in the open water.

　　D．To test the umbrella as a sail.

　　答案：B 细节理解题，由第二段第一句话可知，两个12岁的男孩出海是为了寻找一个足球。

　　6． What does “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

　　A．The beach.

　　B．The water.

　　C．The boat.

　　D．The wind.

　　答案：D 代词指代题，由第二段第二、三句话可知it指代the wind。

　　7．Why did Tim raise his head regularly?

　　A．To take in enough fresh air.

　　B．To consider turning back or not.

　　C．To check his distance from the boys.

　　D．To ask the boys to take down the umbrella.

　　8．How did the two boys finally reach the pier?

　　A．They were dragged to the pier by Tim.

　　B．They swam to the pier all by themselves.

　　C．They were washed to the pier by the waves.

　　D．They were carried to the pier by Tim on his back.

　　答案：A 细节理解题，由文章倒数第三段Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier可知。

　　C

　　(2017·四川，C)

　　LONDON—A British judge on Thursday sentenced a businessman who sold fake (假冒的) bomb detectors (探测器) to 10 years in prison, saying the man hadn't cared about potentially deadly consequences.

　　It is believed that James McCormick got about $77.8 million from the sales of his detectors—which were based on a kind of golf ball finder—to countries including Iraq, Belgium and Saudi Arabia.

　　McCormick,57, was convicted (判罪) of cheat last month and sentenced Thursday at the Old Bailey court in London.

　　“Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people，” Judge Richard Hone told McCormick. “You have neither regret, nor shame, nor any sense of guilt.”

　　The detectors, sold for up to $42,000 each, were said to be able to find such dangerous objects as bombs under water and from the air. But in fact they “lacked any grounding in science” and were of no use.

　　McCormick had told the court that he sold his detectors to the police in Kenya, the prison service in Hong Kong,

　　the army in Egypt and the border control in Thailand.

　　“I never had any bad results from customers，” he said.

　　文章大意：一个生意人因出售假冒伪劣的炸弹侦探器而被捕，但本人却拒不承认。

　　9．Why was McCormick sentenced to prison?

　　A．He sold bombs.

　　B．He caused death of people.

　　C．He made detectors.

　　D．He cheated in business.

　　答案：D 细节理解题，由文章第一段who sold fake bomb detectors可知他是因为卖假冒伪劣产品而被捕。

　　10．According to the judge, what McCormick had done

　　________.

　　A．increased the cost of safeguarding

　　B．lowered people's guard against danger

　　C．changed people's idea of social security

　　D．caused innocent people to commit crimes

　　答案：B 细节理解题，由文章第四段第一句话可知，这种假冒伪劣产品会促进安全假象的产生，从而导致无辜人们的死亡和受伤。

　　11．Which of the following is true of the detectors?

　　A．They have not been sold to Africa.

　　B．They have caused many serious problems.

　　C．They can find dangerous objects in water.

　　D．They don't function on the basis of science.

　　12．It can be inferred from the passage that McCormick

　　______.

　　A．sold the equipment

　　at a low price

　　B．was wellknown in most countries

　　C．did not think he had committed the crime

　　D．had not got such huge profit as mentioned in the text

　　答案：C 推理判断题，由文章最后一句话可知，被捕商人认为他所售出的产品并未导致恶果，很明显，他不承认他的犯罪事实。