2016届广东省天河区高考英语二轮语法复习精讲精练：阅读理解09

　　阅读理解精讲精炼09

　　36.

　　Having good etiquette(礼节) at the workplace is very important to be a favorite in an office. However, it's observed that many people aren't aware of the workplace etiquette and this creates a very bad impression in the office. So it's important to know some workplace etiquette tips.

　　Among all the workplace etiquette guidelines，the most important is to be punctual to your office. Though going late due to an emergency is okay, habitual late comers are never appreciated in any organization. By arriving at your office on time, you show that you're aware of your responsibilities and have respect for the organization. In case you feel that you would be late, call the concerned authority and report the matter to him or her.

　　Also, a proper knowledge of the workplace email etiquette is a must. In the official emails, you need to mention the subject concisely(简洁地），while at the same time include all the important details which are to be shared. You should use good and grammatically correct language while writing emails.

　　A knowledge of telephone etiquette in the workplace is very important as well. While talking on the telephone, be polite and listen to what they're saying carefully. Only then should you say what you feel. Speak in a voice which would be heard clearly at the other end.

　　The workplace guidelines are important even while you're dining or celebrating with your co-workers. If you get a call in between, receive it after you're permitted by the others by saying "excuse me". Don't talk loudly while eating. Greet people well and try to make them feel comfortable while being in your company.

　　These guidelines will help you become the best employee of a company. All the best!

　　56. The intended readers of the passage are_______．

　　A. managers in charge of a company

　　B. students of a business class

　　C. people who are out of work

　　D. general readers

　　57. Why should you try to be punctual?

　　A. To prove you are not a habitual late comer.

　　B. To respect the rules of the organization.

　　C. To show that you are a responsible worker.

　　D. To win other workers' respect.

　　58. How should you write an official email?

　　A. Write the subject clearly and simply.

　　B. Include all the details in the email.

　　C. Make the language as beautiful as possible.

　　D. Make emails as brief as possible.

　　59. Which of the following is considered NOT acceptable about making phone calls?

　　A. Using polite languages.

　　B. Listening with patience and care.

　　C. Speaking clearly.

　　D. Answering a call in a loud voice.

　　60. In the writer's opinion, workplace etiquette＿

　　A. is easy to master

　　B. is considered important by all employees

　　C. can be helpful in doing your work well

　　D. will bring you good luck and good salaries

　　答案与解析：

　　语篇解读：本文主要介绍一些工作中需要注意的礼节。

　　56. D. 推理判断题。根据文章首尾段可推断不管是任务人，只要是参加了工作，就有必要掌握一些工作上的礼节，即文章针对大众读者而写，故选D项。

　　57. C. 细节理解题。根据第二段“you show that you’re aware of your responsibilities and have respect for the organization.”可判断，上班准时可显示出你的责任感，故选C项。

　　58. A. 细节理解题。根据第三段“In the official e-mails, you need to mention the subject concisely(简练).”可判断选A项。

　　59. D. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Speak in a voice which would be heard clearly at the other end.”可知打电话时不需太大声，对话能清楚地听到则可，故选D项。

　　60. C. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“These guidelines will help you become the best employee of a company”可判断，工作礼节有助于做好工作，故选C项。

　　Farmers are being told more needs to be done to stop them injuring at work. One in five British workplace deaths happens in agriculture even though farmers are only a small part of the working population. During the year 2010/11 there were 1,061 injuries in total and it is thought many more go unreported.

　　Jim Chapman from Warwickshire had his arm torn off by farm machinery seven years ago when he was 23. “You don't realize how much you rely on your second arm until it's gone,” he said. He fell against a PTO shaft(传动轴），a spinning metal bar at the back of a tractor. “It catapulted(猛力掷出）me from one side of the machine to the other,” he said. “I landed on the floor, minus all my clothing. My left arm had been ripped off.” He admits that the machinery was missing part of its proper safety guard. “But again,” he added, “it was a rushed day. There were a few machines that didn't work. Also, I was getting behind with the jobs.”

　　Over the last 10 years, other industries that you'd think of as dangerous, like building or quarrying(矿采），have lowered the number of workplace deaths and injuries. In the farming industry though, deaths remain high with 34 deaths in 2010/11．

　　Judith Hackitt, the chair of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) says it is "not acceptable" that the accident statistics for farming are still high. “People in farming don't have minor(较小的）injuries. When they get injured, it's bad.” she said. “When I said to the National Farmers’ Union(NFU) that if I had sons I would not want them to work in agriculture, it really made them sit up and take notice.” There's a whole host of reasons why farming is as dangerous as it is. It is a very rough industry. Also, it's often because people are left alone. They could be young and inexperienced, or older people, who would have retired maybe five or 10 years ago in other industries.

　　Jim wants others to learn from his experience. “Look at what you're doing before you go running in,” he said. “You could make a mistake that you'll live with for the rest of your life.”

　　61. Jim Chapman was injured in the workplace mainly because ＿___

　　A. he crossed the machinery

　　B. the safety guard of the machinery was gone

　　C. he was standing at the back of the tractor

　　D. he didn't notice the PTO shaft

　　62. In British farming industry,______.

　　A. farmers take up a large part of working population

　　B. the number of injuries is bigger than what the public know

　　C. old machinery was not replaced in time

　　D. being a farmer is the most dangerous

　　63．Judith thought＿were (was) not acceptable.

　　A. the injuries of farmers

　　B．the high deaths for farming

　　C. her son's hope to work in agriculture

　　D. farmers' retiring 5 or 10 years later

　　64. The underlined phrase `ripped off" in paragraph 2 probably means“＿”

　　A. turned off

　　B. got off

　　C. worn off

　　D. torn off

　　65. From the whole text, we can see that Jim feels

　　A. regretful

　　B. angry

　　C. shocked

　　D. confused

　　答案与解析：

　　语篇解读：本文主要介绍英国农民工在做事时的受伤现象。

　　61. B. 细节理解题。根据第二段“He admits that the machinery was missing part of its proper safety guard.”可判断Jim Chapman受伤是因为机器的防护装置的脱落，故选B项。

　　62. B. 细节理解题。根据第一段“During the year 2010/11 there were 1,061 injuries in total and it is thought many more go unreported.”可推断英国农民实际受伤人数比所报道的受伤人数要多，故选B项。

　　63. B. 细节理解题。根据第四段“When I said to the National Farmers’ Union(NFU) that if I had sons I would not want them to work in agriculture”可知Judith不会让她儿子从事农业方面的工作，故选B项。64. D. 词义猜测题。根据第二段“Jim Chapman from Warwickshire had his arm torn off by farm machinery seven years ago when he was 23.”可推断划线部分应意为“torn off”，故选D项。

　　65. A. 推理判断题。根据最后一段Jim的讲话可推断他为自己的受伤感到遗憾，故选A项。

　　Several animal species including gorillas in Rwanda and tigers in Bangladesh could risk extinction if the impact of climate change and extreme weather on their habitats is not addressed, a UN report showed on Sunday.

　　Launched on the sidelines of global climate negotiations in Durban, the report by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization shows how higher temperatures, the rise in sea levels, deforestation and excessive land use have damaged the habitats of certain species, especially in Africa.

　　"Many ecosystems have already been stressed by increasing population, historical and recent deforestation, unsustainable management practices and even invasive species," Eduardo Rojas-Briales, assistant director general at the FAO's forestry department, said at the launch of the report.

　　The most affected areas include mountains, isolated islands and coastal areas, which limit the possibilities for animals to migrate elsewhere and create new habitats.

　　"The remaining populations become enclosed in very small ecosystems, they have inbreeding （近亲交配）problems ... and at the end these species may disappear," he added.

　　Other examples of affected animals included elephants in Mali, lions in the Serengeti and crocodiles in Malawi.

　　The report said an estimated 20-30 percent of plant and animal species will be at higher risk of extinction due to global warming and a significant proportion of endemic species may become extinct by 2050 as a consequence.

　　Other consequences could include the spread of invasive species and infectious diseases, it said.

　　The report urges more focus on restoration of damaged ecosystems, especially those key to tackling （应对）climate change such as mangroves（红树林）, inland waters, forests, savannahs（非洲大草原） and grasslands.

　　The FAO also called for the creation of migration corridors for animals in areas where their movement was constrained.

　　The organization said while more resources were flowing to biodiversity conservation, more action at the government and policy level was needed.

　　It also urged local communities to develop projects that mitigate the impact of climate change on wildlife, naming eco-tourism activities as an example.

　　56. Why are mountains, isolated islands and coastal areas becoming the most affected areas, according to the passage?

　　A. Because animals there are more likely to migrate to other places and create new habitats.

　　B. Because of higher temperatures and the rise in sea levels there.

　　C. Because it is less possible for animals to move to other places and create new habitats.

　　D. Because of the spread of invasive species and infectious diseases.

　　57. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in the last paragraph mean?

　　A. Making something become less serious.

　　B. Making use of.

　　C. Developing.

　　D. Moving from one place to another.

　　58. All of the following are true EXCEPT “

　　”.

　　A. The increasing population, historical and recent deforestation, unsustainable management practices and even invasive species have put great pressure on the ecosystem.

　　B. We should pay more attention to the restoration of damaged ecosystems

　　C. All the plants and animal species will be at higher risk of distinction due to global warming by 2050.

　　D. For animals living in areas where their movements were limited, we should create more corridors for them.

　　59. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?

　　A. There are no resources available to conserve the biodiversity.

　　B. It is the local communities rather than the government that should take measures to protect the species from extinction.

　　C. It is better for the local communities to restrict eco-tourism activities.

　　D. The government should take some measures and some policies should be made to protect the biodiversity though more sources were being used for it.

　　60. What is the best title for the passage?

　　A. Animals at risk

　　B. Global warming and its consequences

　　C. Solutions to animal distinction

　　D. Animals at risk due to climate change

　　语篇解读：气候变化对野生物带来极大的影响，因为有必要采取措施减轻气候变化。

　　56. C. 细节理解题。根据第四段“The most affected areas include mountains, isolated islands and coastal areas, which limit the possibilities for animals to migrate elsewhere and create new habitats.”可判断选C项。

　　57. A. 词义猜测题。要求当地发展项目来减轻气候变化对野生物的影响，由此可推断划线词应意为“使某事物变得更不严重”，故选A项。

　　58. C. 细节理解题。C项内容与文中“The report said an estimated 20-30 percent of plant and animal species will be at higher risk of extinction due to global warming and a significant proportion of endemic species may become extinct by 2050 as a consequence”不相符合，故选C项。

　　59. D. 推理判断题。根据“The organization said while more resources were flowing to biodiversity conservation, more action at the government and policy level was needed.”可判断D项正确。

　　60. D. 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍气候变化给野生活带来面临灭绝的影响，故正确答案选D项。

　　Holding a cell phone against your ear or storing it in your pocket may be dangerous to your health. This explains a warning that cell phone manufacturers include in the small print that is often ignored when a new phone is purchased. Apple, for example, doesn’t want iPhones to come closer to you than 1.5 centimeters; Research In Motion, BlackBerry’s manufacturer, recommends 2.5 centimeters.

　　If health issues arise from cell phone use, the possible effects are huge. Voice calls - Americans chat on cell phones 2.26 trillion(万亿)minutes annually - earn $109 billion for the wireless carriers.

　　Devra Davis, an expert who has worked for the University of Pittsburgh, has published a book about cell phone radiation, “Disconnect.” The book surveys scientific research and concludes the question is not settled.

　　Brain cancer is a concern that Ms. Davis examines. Over all, there has not been an increase in its incidence since cell phones arrived. But the average masks an increase in brain cancer in the 20-to-29 age group and a drop for the older population.

　　“Most cancers have multiple causes,” she says, but she points to laboratory research that suggests low-energy radiation could damage cells that could possibly lead to cancer.

　　Children are more vulnerable（易受伤的）to radiation than adults, Ms. Davis and other scientists point out. Radiation that penetrates only five centimeters into the brain of an adult will reach much deeper into the brains of children because their skulls are thinner and their brains contain more absorptive fluid（易吸收的液体）. No studies have yet been completed on cell phone radiation and children, she says.

　　Henry Lai, a research professor in the bioengineering department at the University of Washington, began laboratory radiation studies in 1980 and found that rats exposed to radiation had damaged DNA in their brains.

　　Ms. Davis recommends using wired headsets or the phone’s speaker. Children should text rather than call, she said, and pregnant women should keep phones away from the abdomen（腹部）.

　　66. Why is the warning in the small print?

　　A. They don’t want the users to pay attention to it.

　　B. There is not enough space for the warning.

　　C. They think people will not care about it.

　　D. The warning is not important at all.

　　67. According to Ms Davis, brain cancer increase ____.

　　A. among children

　　B. among old people

　　C. in the twenties

　　D. among pregnant women

　　68. Why do children easily be affected by radiation?

　　A. Because they haven’t grown up.

　　B. Because they are too young to protect themselves.

　　C. Because they use cell phones more often than adults.

　　D. Because their skulls are thinner and their brains are easily hurt.

　　69. What can we conclude from the last paragraph?

　　A. Pregnant women should keep cell phones away.

　　B. People should use cell phones in the correct way.

　　C. If you are a child, you’d better text than make phone calls.

　　D. When you use a cell phone, use a wired headset or the phone’s speaker.

　　70. What does the passage mainly talk about?

　　A. Be careful when using cell phones.

　　B. Don’t hold your cell phone against your ear.

　　C. Rats exposed to radiation have damaged DNA in their brains.

　　D. Low-energy radiation could damage cells that could lead to cancer.

　　语篇解读：使用手机会带来辐射的负影响，因此需要正确使用手机。

　　66. A. 细节理解题。根据第一段“This explains a warning that cell phone manufacturers include in the small print that is often ignored when a new phone is purchased.”可推断厂商不想让顾客注意到它而将警示语印得极小，故选A项。

　　67. C. 细节理解题。根据第四段“But the average masks an increase in brain cancer in the 20-to-29 age group and a drop for the older population”可脑癌主要发生在20多岁的时候，故选C项。

　　68. D. 细节理解题。根据“Radiation that penetrates only five centimeters into the brain of an adult will reach much deeper into the brains of children because their skulls are thinner and their brains contain more absorptive fluid（易吸收的液体）”可知，小孩更容易受辐射的影响是因为他们的头骨更薄，大脑更容易受伤，故选D项。

　　69. B. 推理判断题。最后一段“Ms. Davis recommends using wired headsets or the phone’s speaker. Children should text rather than call, she said, and pregnant women should keep phones away from the abdomen”所讲述的都是一些正确使用手机以防止辐射的影响的方法，由此判断选B项。

　　70. A. 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍使用手机的负作用，最后警示人们要正确使用手机。因此A项更能说明全文的主旨，而其它三项只是文中的细节内容，故选A项。