2016届高考英语二轮复习讲义课件：第2部分 题型专题突破 专题2（全国卷Ⅱ）

　　1．解析：第一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.(信任是我们从以往经历中获得的习得行为。)是对trust的解释。选项B中的it指代上文出现的trust，并且继续解释trust的含义：putting confidence in someone(对某人寄托信任)，故选B项。注意：选项B与第一句为顺承关系。 2．解析：选项E与上文能形成因果关系。They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.(他们曾经受过严重伤害，不能容忍这种事情再次发生。)是上一句Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.(有时候人们就是不能再信任别人。)的原因。并且与下一句It’s understandable...(这是可以理解的……)有顺承关系。 3．解析：空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析，极有可能是祈使句。并且选项A.Learn to really trust yourself.(学会真正信任你自己。)与空格后的Having confidence in yourself形成同义复现。trust yourself相当于have confidence in yourself。 4．解析：空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析，极有可能是祈使句。下文中If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”．(如果你遭遇了背 叛，那么你就成为客观环境的受害者。但是成为受害者与以 “受害者的心态”活着是有区别的。)反复出现victim一词，而选项C中的关键词也为victim，形成原词复现。选项 C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.(不要把自己当作受害者。)起到总起本段的作用。 5．解析： Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.(看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见。)与下一句Instead，it’s a healthy way...for positive...(相反，这是一个健康的方式……)形成转折关系。并且选项中的positive与下文的positive形成原词复现。 B (2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs.1.________，buy the best－fitting，best－built running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few

　　days to double－check the fit.2.________．As always，you should stretch (伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries. C E During the first week，do not think about distance，but run

　　five minutes longer each day.3.________，it is wise to take a

　　day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.4.________．After two weeks，start timing yourself.5.________．Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race. A．After six days B．For a good marathon runner C．Before you begin your training D．With each day，increase the distance by a half mile E．If they still feel good，you can begin running in them A D G F．Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G．Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了进行马拉松训练的具体做法。首先要做好准备，购买最合适的跑鞋。同时要注意在第一周里不要考虑跑多远，而是要逐渐延长跑步时间。到第二周的时候，可以设置跑步距离,每天逐渐加长，然后再根据参赛的具体情况制订训练方案。 专题二

　　七选五 2016高考导航——适用于全国卷Ⅱ 年份 考点 2015 2017 2017 考情分析 全国卷Ⅱ 全国卷Ⅱ 全国卷Ⅱ 主题句 0 1 0 七选五(阅读补全题)以考查细节理解为主。体裁以说明文和议论文居多，且结构清晰，过程完整，适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等，以达到考查学生综合阅读能力的要求。短文的特点如下：(1)选材特点：短文一般为300词左右的说明文或议论文，其中正文词数240左右，选项词数60左右；(2)短文篇章结构常为：提出问题——解决问题；(3)七个选项意义上都与短文相关，设空类型一般有标题类、段落主题句类、过渡句类、细节类；(4)选项均为完整句子，句型不一。 过渡句 1 1 1 细节 4 3 3 专题二

　　七选五 “通读全文、详读段落、定位选项、通读复检、确定排除”五步骤解题法。 步骤 过程 目的 1 (★) 2 (★★) 快速浏览文章，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段(开门见 山)及末段(结尾总结)。 找到主题句，把握文章结构特点及主要内容。 仔细阅读各个段落,在短时间内圈定线索词,并找出每段写作内容的关键词。 明确各段的主题句或主旨大意，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。 步骤 过程 目的 3

　　(★★★) 明确选项含义，抓住关键词 语，筛选选项填入文中，注意句中的衔接标志词。特别提醒：检查文章内容是否完整，语意是否连贯合理，段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切。 确保文章的写作线 索、写作思路的连 贯，使文章的每个 段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一个有机的整体。防止文章写作线索中断或前后矛盾。 步骤 过程 目的 4 (★) 5 (★) 将所选答案代入文中，通读全文，再次检查文章内容是否完整，语意是否连贯合理,各段落内容是否紧扣主题,语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切。 判断和确定选择的答案是否正确,尤其通过认真分析、仔细甄别、排除强干扰项得出正确选项。 检查完之后，应再次查看所排除选项，进一步确定排除理由。 防止造成易混选项的误选。 解答七选五题目时，首先要快速阅读全文，重点注意首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句子，目的是掌握文章的主要内容。但是由于文章空缺了五处，而且有的地方空缺的是几句话甚至是一整段，文章的整个结构和逻辑是被打断了的，考生在短时间内掌握文章要点或逻辑思路是很困难的。对此，考生可以通过关注文章挖空所在的位置，利用相应的策略来找到适当的选项回填入文。 通过总结近几年的全国卷可以看出，七选五命题的焦点位置首选段中，出现频率最高，其次是段首，然后是段尾。 焦点位置1：段中(★★★★★) 挖空位置如果在段中，则所填句子的含义应与前句、后句保 持一致。因此，考生在做题时要学会瞻前顾后，关注体现出 的前后逻辑关系和语意。再细分一下，常见的有两类考查方 式： (1)无关联词类：无法依据个别关键词，只能依据前后完整的 语境和句意推断出合理的答案选项。

　　(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ，节选)Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.______ Trust is a risk.But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. A．Learn to really trust yourself. B．It is putting confidence in someone. C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D．Remember that you can expect the best in return. E．They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.

　　B F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. 【解析】　第一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.(信任是我们从以往经历中获得的习得行为。)是对trust的解释。选项B中的it指代上文出现的trust，并且继续解释trust的含义：putting confidence in someone(对某人寄托信任)，故选B项。注意：选项B与第一句为顺承关系。 (2)有关联词类：通过一些关键的关联词汇，可以推断出所填空是强调递进关系、转折关系还是因果关系等。凭借一些体现前后句逻辑关系的关联词，来突破思维局限，突现“枯木逢春”之景。 ①递进关系：also，in addition，what’s more，for example，in other words，second，besides等。

　　(2017·高考全国卷Ⅱ，节选)One is the establishment(制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production；sales；the purchase of equipment，materials and supplies；and accounting._______The third relates to the establishment of

　　standards of work in all departments. A．Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work. B．In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management. G C．Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals. D．However，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs. E．Planning in business management has three main aspects. F．In the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects. G．The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. 【解析】　结合前面提到的One和后面提到的The third，可知这里是第二条，与G项中的The second可以联系起来。 ②转折关系：but，however，yet，otherwise，on the other hand，on the contrary，in spite of等。

　　(2017·高考辽宁卷，节选)Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜)．Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight.While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses，many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk._____Otherwise，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a

　　more serious condition. A．Eat your greens. B．Eye care should begin early in life. C．They can properly protect your eyes. F D．Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins. E．Parents usually don’t care about their own eyesight. F．Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear. G．This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness. 【解析】　know－how类说明文中otherwise前面往往都要交代做法，多用祈使句形式。本段的主旨句部分中又出现了safe wear这一关键词，据此不难判断出正确答案为F。 ③因果关系：why，because，so，for this reason，thus，for，as，since，therefore，as a result等。

　　(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ，节选)Unfortunately，we’ve all been victims of betrayal.Whether we’ve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.______ It’s understandable，but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you

　　can take to get you there. A．Learn to really trust yourself. B．It is putting confidence in someone. C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D．Remember that you can expect the best in return. E E．They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.

　　F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. 【解析】　选项E与上文能形成因果关系。They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.(他们曾经受过严重伤害，不能容忍这种事情再次发生。)是上一句Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.(有时候人们就是不能再信任别人。)的原因。并且与下一句It’s understandable...(这是可以理解的……)有顺承关系。 焦点位置2：段首(★★★★) (1)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读空格后内容，考生应该会发 现，通常情况下段落的中心都会出现在本段的开头部分。因此可以根据段落一致性原则，推断出该段的主题句。这对考生把握本段和理解全文是有指导性意义的。 (2)关注与后文的关系。着重阅读挖空后面的第一、二句，确定相关信息词，然后在选项中查找与之相关的内容。阅读时要学会瞻前顾后，以确定答案。

　　(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ，节选)________ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well－being. ______ If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”．At some point in all of our lives，we’ll have our trust tested or violated. A．Learn to really trust yourself. B．It is putting confidence in someone. C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim. A C D．Remember that you can expect the best in return. E．They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.

　　F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. 38．【解析】　空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析，极有可能是祈使句。并且选项A.Learn to really trust yourself.(学会真正信任你自己。)与空格后的Having confidence in yourself形成同义复现。trust yourself相当于have confidence in yourself。 39．【解析】　空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析，极有可能是祈使句。下文中If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”．(如果你遭遇了背叛，那么你就成为客观环境的受害者。但是成为受害者与以“受害者的心态”活着是有区别的。)反复出现victim一词，而选项C中的关键词也为victim，形成原词复现。选项 C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.(不要把自己当作受害者。)起到总起本段的作用。 焦点位置3：段尾(★★★) (1)直接承接逻辑类：

　　(2017·高考全国卷Ⅱ，节选)Commonly called nonprofits,these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.________ A．Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work. B．In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management. C．Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals. C D．However，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs. E．Planning in business management has three main aspects. F．In the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects. G．The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. 【解析】　空格前面提到了nonprofits，这与C项中的对于nonprofit businesses 进行的举例说明有着密切的联系。 (2)段落总结收尾类：通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词。

　　These steps aren’t magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you’ll help yourself feel better even faster.________　 A．Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough

　　situation. B．Notice your friends’ feelings and find a way to help

　　them. C．Different people feel stress in different ways. D．Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. D E．You need to figure out what the problem is. F．And don’t forget about your friends. G．Then, find a way to calm down. 【解析】　该空位于全文的结尾处，应该是有关结论方面的内容。空格前面说，如果你在渡过困难的过程中保持积极乐观的态度，你就会更快地帮助自己感觉更好。feel better和D项的feels so good也是相对应的。 名师指津 总结最近几年的全国卷可以看出，七选五的文章体裁以说明文为主，这类体裁适合考查过渡句、主题句等，能综合考查考生的阅读能力，这是需要考生集中狂练的热点体裁！但是命题组的高考命题创新思维也可能会在体裁的选择上有一定的灵活体现，所以也需要考生对于“偏冷”的议论文和记叙文类做一定的训练准备，以防“爆冷”的出现！希望考生能够在多样话题、多样体裁方面做到充分备考！ A (2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ) Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past

　　experiences.1.________ Trust is a risk.But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. B Unfortunately，we’ve all been victims of betrayal.Whether we’ve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people

　　simply can’t trust anymore.2._______ It’s understandable，but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there. 3.________ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well－being. E A 4.________ If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”．At some point in all of our lives，we’ll have our trust tested or violated. You didn’t lose “everything”．Once trust is lost，what is left？Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.5.________ Instead，it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. C G A．Learn to really trust yourself. B．It is putting confidence in someone. C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D．Remember that you can expect the best in return. E．They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.

　　F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了人们在遭受背叛和欺骗后如何重建信任。 专题二

　　七选五